John Doar

{{Infobox person

| image = File:John Doar receives Medal of Freedom 2012.jpg

| image_upright = .80

| alt = Older man wearing a medal

| caption = Doar in 2012, upon receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom

| birth_name = John Michael Doar

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|12|3|mf=y}}

| birth_place = New Richmond, Wisconsin, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|11|11|1921|12|03|mf=y}}

| death_place = New York City, U.S.

| education = Princeton University (BA)
University of California, Berkeley (LLB)

| occupation = Lawyer

| party = Republican

| awards = 24px President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service (1964)

}}

John Michael Doar (December 3, 1921 – November 11, 2014) was an American lawyer and senior counsel with the law firm Doar Rieck Kaley & Mack in New York City.

During the administrations of presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, he served first as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights from 1961 to 1965, and then as head of the division from 1965 until 1967. He led the government's response to events such as the admission and protection of James Meredith, the first black student admitted to the University of Mississippi,{{Cite web |title=September 30, 1962: James Meredith & the University of Mississippi {{!}} National Portrait Gallery |url=https://npg.si.edu/blog/september-30-1962-james-meredith-university-mississippi |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=npg.si.edu|date=28 September 2012 }} as well as the evolving response to the civil rights movement promoting integration and voter registration in the South.{{Cite news |last=Reed |first=Roy |date=2014-11-11 |title=John Doar, Federal Lawyer on Front Lines Against Segregation, Dies at 92 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/12/us/john-doar-federal-lawyer-in-battle-against-segregation-dies-at-92.html |access-date=2022-08-14 |issn=0362-4331}} Additionally, in 1973–74, he served as the lead special counsel for the U.S. House Judiciary Committee's impeachment inquiry staff during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon.{{Cite web |title=John Doar, Leading U.S. Civil Rights Lawyer of the 1960s, Dies |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/john-doar-leading-u-s-civil-rights-lawyer-1960s-dies-n246606 |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=NBC News |date=12 November 2014 |language=en}}

Early life and education

Doar was born in New Richmond, Wisconsin, the son of Mae and William Doar.{{cite news |author=Roy Reed |date=November 11, 2014 |title=John Doar, Federal Lawyer on Front Lines Against Segregation, Dies at 92 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/12/us/john-doar-federal-lawyer-in-battle-against-segregation-dies-at-92.html |page=A25}} In 1940, Doar graduated from St. Paul Academy and Summit School in Saint Paul, Minnesota.{{cite web|url=https://www.spa.edu/page.cfm?p=795|title=St. Paul Academy and Summit School: In Memoriam Archive|website=www.spa.edu|accessdate=25 April 2019|archive-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221100218/https://www.spa.edu/page.cfm?p=795|url-status=dead}} He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and was a pilot. He graduated with an A.B. from the School of Public and International Affairs (now Princeton School of Public and International Affairs) at Princeton University in 1944 after completing a senior thesis titled "An Analysis of Farmer Cooperatives, 1918–1946."{{Cite thesis|last=Doar|first=John Michael|title=An Analysis of Farmer Cooperatives, 1918–1946|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp011z40kt641|publisher=Princeton University|type=AB|year=1944}} He then received an LL.B. from the University of California-Berkeley Boalt Hall School of Law. From 1950 to 1960, Doar then worked in his family's law firm in New Richmond, Wisconsin.

Civil rights career

{{external media

| float = right

| video1 = [https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_151-dr2p55f743#at_1135_s “Eyes on the Prize; Interview with John Doar”] conducted in 1985 for the Eyes on the Prize documentary in which he describes the integration of the University of Mississippi and his role in investigating murders of civil rights activists and other forms of intimidation in the South.}}

A Republican, Doar served as Deputy Assistant and then Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in the U.S. Dept. of Justice, from 1960 to 1967, during which time he was involved in several of the most significant events of the American civil rights movement. In 1961 he operated in Montgomery, Alabama, along with his assistant, John Seigenthaler, to protect the Freedom Riders.

In 1962, he confronted Ross Barnett over Barnett's attempts to prevent James Meredith from entering the segregated University of Mississippi. He also prosecuted Collie Wilkins for federal civil rights violations in the murder of Viola Liuzzo,{{cite web | url = http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/filmandmedia/collections/henry-hampton-collection/eyes1/doar.htm | title = Introduction to John Doar Oral History | publisher = Washington University in St. Louis | accessdate = 20 July 2012 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://archive.today/20121215120155/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/filmandmedia/collections/henry-hampton-collection/eyes1/doar.htm | archivedate = 15 December 2012 }} gaining conviction by an all-white jury in Alabama. In 1963, he calmed an angry mob after the assassination of civil rights leader Medgar Evers, murdered outside his home.

Doar prosecuted the federal case for civil rights violations against the people who were accused of murdering Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner,{{cite news | title = The quiet authority of John Doar, a towering figure of the civil rights movement | newspaper = The Anniston Star | author = John Fleming | date = 21 November 2010 | url = http://www.annistonstar.com/view/full_story/10386877/article-The-quiet-authority-of-John-Doar--a-towering-figure--of-the-civil-rights-movement | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928033235/http://www.annistonstar.com/view/full_story/10386877/article-The-quiet-authority-of-John-Doar--a-towering-figure--of-the-civil-rights-movement | archivedate = 28 September 2011 }} young civil rights workers in Mississippi. He also acted as the federal chief counsel during the Theron Lynd litigation, a circuit clerk and voter registrar in Forrest County, Mississippi accused of discrimination.{{Cite news |last=Wilkie |first=Curtis |date=2021-06-19 |title=The Black and White Partners Who Brought Voting Rights to Mississippi |language=en |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-black-and-white-partners-who-brought-voting-rights-to-mississippi |access-date=2023-04-03}}{{Cite news |last=Chaze |first=Elliot |date=1962-09-19 |title=Defense goes to bat in Lynd contempt hearing |pages=1 |work=Hattiesburg American |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122207886/defense-goes-to-bat-in-lynd-contempt/ |access-date=2023-04-03}}

He had earlier contributed to drafting the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which Lyndon Johnson signed to try to secure constitutional rights for all citizens. In March 1965, Doar was the first to arrive in Montgomery, Alabama, during the third of the Selma to Montgomery marches. He walked into Montgomery half a block ahead of the march in his capacity as Assistant Attorney General.{{cite news |author=Jimmy Breslin |date=March 26, 1965 |newspaper=New York Herald-Tribune |title=Changing the South}} reprinted in {{cite book |editor=Clayborne Carson |title=Reporting Civil Rights: American journalism, 1963–1973 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8HtAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=20 July 2012 |year=2003 |publisher=Library of America |pages=361–366 |isbn=9781931082297 |display-editors=etal}}

Doar left the government in 1967. He went into private practice and worked for Bedford Stuyvesant Development Corporation.{{cite web |last1=Hunter |first1=Charlayne |title=Doar Resigns Post at Restoration Corporation After Six Years |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/14/archives/doar-resigns-post-at-restoration-corporation-after-six-years.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=17 August 2019 |date=14 December 1973}} From late 1968 to 1969 he was president of the New York City Board of Education.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/21/archives/a-hardworking-legal-adviser-john-michael-doar-phone-call-from-laird.html|title=A Hard-Working Legal Adviser|last=Doar|first=John Michael|date=1973-12-21|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-30|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} During his tenure he supported gender discrimination, opposing the entry of girls to all-boy high schools.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/how-a-thirteen-year-old-girl-smashed-the-gender-divide-in-american-high-schools|title=How a Thirteen-Year-Old Girl Smashed the Gender Divide in American High Schools|last=Shapiro|first=Laurie Gwen|date=2019-01-26|access-date=2019-01-30|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}

Nixon impeachment inquiry

Doar was hired in December 1973 to be the lead special counsel for the House Judiciary Committee's impeachment inquiry staff during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon.{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/21/archives/a-hardworking-legal-adviser-john-michael-doar-phone-call-from-laird.html| title=Man in the News: A Hard-Working Legal Adviser: John Michael Doar| newspaper=The New York Times| date=December 21, 1973 |page=20}} He supervised a team which in due course grew to 100 persons, including lawyers, investigators, clerks and stenographers. To minimize leaks he established strict rules of conduct that included this directive: "The staff of the impeachment inquiry shall not discuss with anyone outside the staff either the substance or procedure of their work or that of the committee."{{cite news| title=Big Impeachment Inquiry Staff Is Quietly Writing U.S. History| last=Kovach| first=Bill| date=March 10, 1974| newspaper=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/10/archives/big-impeachment-inquiry-staff-is-quietly-writing-u-s-history-rules.html| accessdate=October 28, 2019| via=The New York Times Archives}}

Later life and death

He then started a law firm in New York City: Doar, Rieck, Kaley, & Mack.{{cite web|url=http://www.doarlaw.com/bios/john-doar.html |publisher=Doar, Rieck, Kaley, & Mack |title=biography |accessdate=July 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601084141/http://www.doarlaw.com/bios/john-doar.html |archivedate=June 1, 2012 }}

Doar died in New York City from congestive heart failure, aged 92. He was survived by his children: Gael, Michael, Robert (a former Commissioner of the New York City Human Resources Administration) and Burke.

Gallery

{{Gallery

|align=center

|width=280 | height=180

|File:James Meredith OleMiss.jpg

|Doar (right) and U.S. marshals escorting James Meredith to class at the University of Mississippi

|File:House Judiciary Committee on Impeachment – Rodino & Doar.jpg

|Doar (center-right) and Judiciary Committee Chairman Rodino speaking with reporters during the Nixon impeachment inquiry

}}

Representation in film and television

The 1988 film Mississippi Burning drew from the murders of the three civil rights workers.
Episode from the Discovery Channel series, "US Marshals: Mission in Mississippi" (1997). Interview with Doar about his role in Justice Department effort to enroll James Meredith at University of Mississippi in 1962. Doar and Chief US Marshal James McShane were given the job of enrolling Meredith by Attorney General Robert Kennedy.
In the 2014 film Selma, he is portrayed by Alessandro Nivola.

Legacy and honors

Doar was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.{{cite news |url=http://www.upi.com/News_Photos/Features/2012-Presidential-Medal-of-Freedom-recipients/6540 |publisher=UPI |title=2012 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}
In 2017, Doar's hometown of New Richmond dedicated the John Doar History Trail, celebrating his life with a series of panels placed along a path around the mill pond.{{cite news |url=https://www.wisbar.org/NewsPublications/InsideTrack/Pages/Article.aspx?Volume=9&Issue=16&ArticleID=25798 |publisher=Wisconsin Bar |title=Celebrating John Doar: New Richmond Opens History Trail for Renowned Civil Rights Attorney |accessdate=October 1, 2023}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120601084141/http://www.doarlaw.com/bios/john-doar.html Biography of John Doar] – Doar Rieck Kaley & Mack
{{C-SPAN|891}}
[http://www.c-span.org/video/?283285-1/qa-john-doar Q&A with John Doar] – C-SPAN interview, January 12, 2009
[http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/pacscl/PRIN_MUDD_MC247 John Doar papers] from [https://library.princeton.edu/special-collections/ Princeton University Library. Special Collections]

Category:1921 births

Category:2014 deaths

Category:American men's basketball players

Category:People involved with the civil rights movement

Category:Kennedy administration personnel

Category:Lawyers from Minneapolis

Category:Lawyers from New York City

Category:People from New Richmond, Wisconsin

Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

Category:Princeton Tigers men's basketball players

Category:Selma to Montgomery marches

Category:UC Berkeley School of Law alumni