John Henry Vaughan
{{Short description|English ornithologist (1892–1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = The Honourable
|name = John Henry Vaughan
|honorific-suffix = MC KC (Fiji)
|image =
|imagesize =
|smallimage =
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|caption =
|order = 17th
|office = Attorney General of Fiji
|monarch = George VI
|governor = Sir Alexander Grantham
Sir John Nicoll
Sir Brian Freeston
|term_start = 1945
|term_end = 1949
|predecessor = Edward Enoch Jenkins
|successor = Brian Andre Doyle
|order1 =
|office1 = Attorney General Zanzibar
|monarch1 = Khalifa bin Harub
|1blankname1 = Resident |1namedata = Richard Rankine
John Hall
|governor1 =
|term_start1 = 1930s
|term_end1 = 1930s
|predecessor1 =
|successor1 =
|birth_date = 9 February 1892
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1965|04|16|1892|02|09}}
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|citizenship =
|nationality = British subject
|party =
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|spouse = Thelma Green
m. 1925
|partner =
|relations =
|children = John, Richard and Matthew Vaughan
|residence =
|alma_mater = Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
|occupation =
|profession = Lawyer, Ornithologist
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John Henry Vaughan MC KC (Fiji) (9 February 1892 – 16 April 1965) was a lawyer and ornithologist who served as Attorney General of Zanzibar and later as Attorney General of Fiji.
Early life
Vaughan was educated at Eastbourne College and then studied law at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Career
He is best known for his work in the British Empire's legal service as Attorney General of Zanzibar in the 1930s, and then as Attorney General of Fiji from 1945 to 1949.{{cite web|title=Previous Attorneys-General of Fiji|url=http://www.ag.gov.fj/default.aspx?page=prevAttGen|website=Office of the Attorney-General|publisher=© Copyright 2005-2008, Office of the Attorney General|access-date=26 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704200811/http://www.ag.gov.fj/default.aspx?page=prevAttGen|archive-date=4 July 2015|url-status=dead}}
His work, The Dual Jurisdiction in Zanzibar, described the Protectorate's system of indirect British rule, whereby sovereignty technically remained with the Sultan of Zanzibar but with virtually all effective power in the hands of British-appointed officials.{{cite book|author1=John Henry Vaughan|title=The Dual Jurisdiction in Zanziabar|date=1935|oclc=426594182}}
He was also a botanist who collected plants from what is now Tanzania and Fiji.{{cite web |url=http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?mode=details&id=37944 |title=Index of Botanists |access-date=2014-08-20 |publisher=Harvard University }} He put together an important collection of plants from Zanzibar and the eastern provinces of Tanganyika.{{cite web|last1=Kokwaro|first1=J. O.|title=Flowering Plant Families of East Africa: An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFkrABmphJsC&q=%22J.H.+Vaughan%22+%2B+%22Zanzibar%22&pg=PA14|website=Google Books|access-date=27 September 2015|year=1994}}
Personal life
He married Thelma Green in 1925 and became a keen ornithologist. Their son was the eminent historian Richard Vaughan, who was also a noted ornithologist.{{cite news |title= Richard Vaughan - obituary|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10742582/Richard-Vaughan-obituary.html|newspaper= The Telegraph |date= 3 April 2014|accessdate=10 December 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://archives.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repositories/2/resources/6830 |title= Letters of Richard Vaughan and John Henry Vaughan relating to the Hastings Rarities, with related newspaper cuttings|website=Bodleian Archives and Manuscripts|location= Additional description: Biographical / Historical |accessdate=11 December 2024}}
Legacy
The Pemba white-eye derives its scientific name, Zosterops vaughani, from John Henry Vaughan, after whom it was named.{{cite journal | editor = Nancy M Taylor | year =1924 | title =Zosterops vaughani | journal = Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club | volume =44 | pages =41 | url=https://archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis44tayl | access-date =2014-08-20 | quote = Named in honour of Mr. John H. Vaughan, of the Colonial Civil Service, who has very kindly presented the type to the National Collection.}}
Publications
- {{cite journal | author =J. H. Vaughan | date =October 1929 | title =The Birds of Zanzibar and Pemba | journal = Ibis | volume =71 | issue =4 | pages =577–608 | doi =10.1111/j.1474-919X.1929.tb08776.x |author-mask=1}}
- {{cite book |author=John Henry Vaughan |title=The Dual Jurisdiction in Zanzibar |year=1934 |publisher=Government Printer |location=South Africa | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6DcMgAACAAJ |oclc=504694709 |author-mask=1}}
- {{cite book |author=JH Vaughan |title=Supplement [1935-1938] to The laws of Zanzibar |year=1937–1939 |publisher=Zanzibar |oclc=19433254 |author-mask=1}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef| before=}}
{{s-ttl| title=Attorney-General of Zanzibar | years=1930s}}
{{s-aft| after=}}
{{s-bef| before= Edward Enoch Jenkins}}
{{s-ttl| title=Attorney-General of Fiji | years=1945-1949}}
{{s-aft| after=Brian Andre Doyle}}
{{s-end}}
References
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Category:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Category:English ornithologists
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:Attorneys general of the Colony of Fiji
Category:Attorneys-general of Fiji
Category:Chief justices of Fiji
Category:Attorneys-general of the Sultanate of Zanzibar
Category:Colonial Service officers
Category:British expatriates in British Fiji
Category:British expatriates in the Sultanate of Zanzibar
Category:British Western Pacific Territories people