John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle

Holles was born in Edwinstowe, Nottinghamshire, the son of the 3rd Earl of Clare and his wife Grace Pierrepont. Grace was a daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont and granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull.

He was a supporter of William of Orange and Mary Stuart, and in November 1688 waited on the Prince of Orange as a representative of the risings in York and Nottingham.[https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/biographies/biographyofjohnholles,3rddukeofnewcastleupontyneand4thearlofclare(1662-1711).aspx Biography of John Holles, 3rd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and 4th Earl of Clare (1662-1711)], Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham

Holles was elected MP for Nottinghamshire as Lord Houghton on 14 January 1689, but was called to the House of Lords two days later when his father died and he became the 4th Earl of Clare. He became Gentleman of the Bedchamber to William III and Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex. He was created the Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of the 2nd creation, in 1694. The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title which was created three times in British history. The first creation had become extinct when his father-in-law Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, died without a male heir. On 30 May 1698, he was appointed Knight of the Order of the Garter.{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/holles-john-1662-1711|title=HOLLES, John, Lord Houghton (1662–1711), of Haughton, Notts. and Warwick House, Holborn, Mdx.|publisher= History of Parliament Online|access-date= 16 March 2016}} As Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire he took personal command of the Nottinghamshire Militia.[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044015608839&seq=376 Col George Jackson Hay, An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force), London: United Service Gazette, 1905, p. 368.]

On 1 March 1690, Holles married his first cousin, Lady Margaret Cavendish, a daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle. She was the heiress of all of the duke's estates in the East Midlands and Northumberland. He inherited more estates from his relative, Denzil Holles, 3rd Baron Holles.

They had one child, Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles (1694–1755), who married the 2nd Earl of Oxford and Mortimer and was mother to Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland.

In 1710 he purchased Wimpole Park in Cambridgeshire and the Manor of Marylebone. The Marylebone lands passed to his son-in-law Harley who named Holles Street in his memory.Bebbington, Gillian. (1972) London Street Names. London: B.T. Batsford. pp. 164 & 176. {{ISBN|0713401400}}

A rivalry was formed between John and his sister, Elizabeth, when she married Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard.Mounsey, Chris. Christopher Smart: Clown of God. London: Bucknell University Press, 2001. p. 23

File:Holles with baton & crown, Westminster Abbey.jpg

The duke died in 1711 from injuries received in a fall from his horse while hunting near Welbeck.{{cite book | title=The history of the reign of Queen Anne | author=Abel Boyer | year=1712 | volume=10 | page=381 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-k1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA381}} He left his Cavendish estates to his son-in-law, Edward Harley (later 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer) and the remainder of his property to his nephew Thomas Pelham, subsequently 1st Duke of Newcastle (third creation) and prime minister. He was buried on 9 August 1711 in St. John's Chapel in Westminster Abbey.{{cite book |last1=Chester |first1=Joseph |title=The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Collegiate Church or Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster |date=1876 |location=London |page=272}} A large monument to Holles stands in the north transept of the abbey. Designed by James Gibbs and carved by Francis Bird with the aid of John Michael Rysbrack, it consists of a reclining figure of Holles flanked by statues representing Wisdom and Sincerity.{{cite web |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/holles-family#i14199 |title= Holles Family|website= Westminster Abbey|access-date=19 October 2022}}{{cite web|title= Monument to John Holles, Duke of Newcastle|url= http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/images/conway/462d8040.html|date= |website= The Courtauld Institute of Art|access-date= 19 October 2022|archive-date= 19 October 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221019161547/http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/images/conway/462d8040.html|url-status= dead}}

Correspondence and estate records of John Holles, including letters to his wife, are held at the department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham, principally in the Holles Papers (Pw 2), part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection.

{{Emblem table

|image = {{center|File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg{{Superimpose2

| align = center

| base = Order of the Garter in Heraldry.svg

| base_width = 230px

| float = Arms of Holles.svg

| float_width = 180px

| x = 25

| link = c:file:Arms of Holles.svg

}}}}

|image size =

|notes =

|coronet = A coronet of an Duke

|crest = A boar passant azure tusked and bristled or.

|escutcheon = Ermine, two piles in point sable.

|supporters = Dexter: a lion or; sinister, a tiger or.

|motto = Spes audaces adjuvat.{{cite book |last= Burke |first= Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |title= The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time |date=1884|publisher=Harrison & sons|location=London |pages=500|url=https://archive.org/details/generalarmoryofe00burk/page/500/mode/2up?view=theater&q=holles}}}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/biographies/biographyofjohnholles,3rddukeofnewcastleupontyneand4thearlofclare(1662-1711).aspx Biography of John Holles, Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with links to online catalogues, on the website of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham]

{{S-start}}

{{s-off}}

{{succession box | title=Lord Privy Seal | before=The Duke of Buckingham and Normanby | after=The Bishop of Bristol | years=1705–1711}}

{{s-mil}}

{{succession box | before=The Marquess of Carmarthen | title=Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull | years=1699–1711 | after=Richard Sutton}}

{{s-legal}}

{{succession box | title=Justice in Eyre
north of the Trent | before=The Duke of Devonshire | after=The Duke of Leeds | years=1711}}

{{s-hon}}

{{s-bef| rows = 2 | before = The Earl of Craven }}

{{s-ttl| title = Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex

| years = 1689–1692 }}

{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = The Earl of Bedford }}

{{s-ttl| title = Custos Rotulorum of Middlesex

| years = 1689–1692 }}

{{s-bef | before=The Duke of Devonshire}}

{{s-ttl | title=Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire | years=1694–1711}}

{{s-vac | rows=2 | next=The Earl of Clare}}

|-

{{s-vac | last=The Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull}}

{{s-ttl | title=Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire | years=1694–1711}}

|-

{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=The Duke of Leeds}}

{{s-ttl | title=Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire | years=1699–1711}}

{{s-vac | next=Marquess of Carmarthen}}

|-

{{s-ttl | title=Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire | years=1699–1711}}

{{s-aft | after=Marquess of Carmarthen}}

{{succession box | before=The Duke of Buckingham and Normanby | title=Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire | years=1705–1711 | after=The Duke of Buckingham and Normanby}}

{{s-reg|en}}

{{s-new|rows=1|creation|reason=Title last held by Henry Cavendish }}

{{s-ttl | title=Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne | years=1694–1711|creation=2nd creation}}

{{s-non | rows=2 | reason=Extinct}}

|-

{{s-bef | before=Gilbert Holles}}

{{s-ttl | title=Earl of Clare | years=1689–1711}}

{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newcastle, John Holles, 1st Duke of}}

Category:1662 births

Category:1711 deaths

Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey

Category:Deaths by horse-riding accident in England

21

Category:Earls of Clare

Category:English MPs 1689–1690

Category:Garter Knights appointed by William III

Category:Hunting accident deaths

Category:Lord-lieutenants of Middlesex

Category:Lord-lieutenants of Nottinghamshire

Category:Lord-lieutenants of the East Riding of Yorkshire

Category:Lord-lieutenants of the North Riding of Yorkshire

Category:Nottinghamshire Militia officers

Category:Marylebone

Category:People from Edwinstowe