John Wojtowicz

Wojtowicz was the son of a Polish father and an Italian-American mother, {{nee}} Terry Basso.{{Cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31457718.amp | title=The man who robbed a bank for love | date=16 February 2015 }}

Wojtowicz married Carmen Bifulco in 1967. They had two children and separated in 1969.

In 1971, Wojtowicz met transgender woman Elizabeth Eden at the Feast of San Gennaro in New York City. The two had a public wedding ceremony that year.{{cite news|title=Ernest Aron Became Elizabeth Eden: AIDS Kills Woman Behind 'Dog Day'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-30-mn-7384-story.html|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=September 30, 1987|access-date=December 21, 2013}}

Wojtowicz was at some point a member of the Gay Activists Alliance. He used at that time the alias "Littlejohn Basso", Basso being his mother's maiden name.{{cite web|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2011/03/11/the-bank-robbery-that-would-become-dog-day-afternoon/|title=The Bank Robbery That Would Become 'Dog Day Afternoon'|last=Ortega|first=Tony|work=The Village Voice Blog|date=March 11, 2011|access-date=June 23, 2013}}

On August 22, 1972, Wojtowicz, along with Salvatore Naturile and Robert Westenberg, attempted to rob a branch of the Chase Manhattan Bank at 450 Avenue P in Gravesend, Brooklyn. Westenberg fled the scene before the robbery got underway after he saw a police car on the street. Rather than quickly obtaining the money and fleeing as planned, Wojtowicz and Naturile ended up holding seven Chase Manhattan bank employees hostage for fourteen hours. Wojtowicz, a former bank teller, had some knowledge of bank operations.

Naturile was killed by an FBI agent during the final moments of the incident. Wojtowicz was arrested.{{cite magazine|last1=Kluge |first1=P. F.|first2=Thomas|last2=Moore|title=The Boys in the Bank|magazine=LIFE|date=September 22, 1972|volume=73|issue=12|pages=66–74}}

An article in the Los Angeles Times reported that the heist was meant to pay for Eden's sex-change (male-to-female). However, reporter Arthur Bell, a veteran The Village Voice columnist who knew Wojtowicz, and was tangentially involved in the hostage negotiations, reported that paying for Eden's surgery was only peripheral to the real motive. The attempted heist was, Bell stated, a Mafia operation that went horribly wrong.{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2011/03/11/the-bank-robbery-that-would-become-dog-day-afternoon/ |title=Littlejohn & the mob: Saga of a heist |author= Bell, Arthur |author-link= Arthur Bell (journalist) |work=Village Voice|date=August 31, 1972}}

According to Wojtowicz, he was offered a deal for pleading guilty, which the court did not honor. On April 23, 1973, he was sentenced to 20 years in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, of which he served five.{{cite news |date=November 29, 1978 |title=Bank robber wins parole |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xQ4wAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uwUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5097,9351713 |newspaper=Ocala Star-Banner |access-date=January 3, 2017}}

Wojtowicz was released from prison on April 10, 1978. He was arrested again and served two more prison sentences for parole violations in 1984 and from 1986–87.{{cite news|date=August 15, 1986 |title=Robber who inspired movie arrested for parole violation |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BKArAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WPwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5569,4733799 |newspaper=Nashua Telegraph |access-date=January 3, 2017}} He was released in April 1987. Eden visited Wojtowicz in New York about once a month.{{cite news |work=Tampa Tribune |url=http://www.tbo.com/news/politics/man-recalls-time-with-famous-bank-robber-20140920/ |location=Tampa, FL |title=Man recalls time with famous bank robber |author=Guzzo, Paul |date=September 20, 2014 |access-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142433/http://www.tbo.com/news/politics/man-recalls-time-with-famous-bank-robber-20140920/ |url-status=dead }}

Eden, who married and divorced during the time Wojtowicz was imprisoned, died of AIDS-related pneumonia at Genesee Hospital, in Rochester, New York, on September 29, 1987.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/01/obituaries/elizabeth-eden-transsexual-who-figured-in-1975-movie.html|title= Elizabeth Eden, Transsexual Who Figured in 1975 Movie|date=October 1, 1987|work=New York Times}} Wojtowicz attended her funeral and delivered a eulogy.

{{main|Dog Day Afternoon}}

Wojtowicz's story was used as the basis for the film Dog Day Afternoon, released in 1975, starring Al Pacino as Wojtowicz (called "Sonny Wortzik" in the film) and John Cazale, one of Pacino's co-stars in The Godfather, as Naturile. Elizabeth Eden, known as "Leon" in the film, was portrayed by actor Chris Sarandon.{{cite journal|author=Photos, Lisa|title=The Dog and the Last Real Man: An Interview with John S. Wojtowicz|journal=Journal of Bisexuality|volume=3 |issue=2}}

In 1975, Wojtowicz wrote a letter to The New York Times out of concern that people would believe the movie version of the events, which he said was only 30% accurate. Wojtowicz's main objection was the inaccurate portrayal of his wife Carmen Bifulco as a plain, overweight woman whose behavior led to his relationship with Eden when, in fact, he had left Bifulco two years before he met Eden.{{Cite web |title=Real Dog Day hero tells his story |url=https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC15folder/RealDogDay.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.ejumpcut.org}}

Other concerns he had that were fictionalized in the movie were that he never spoke to his mother and that the police refused to let him speak to his wife Carmen. In addition, the movie insinuated that Wojtowicz had "sold out" Naturile to the police, and although Wojtowicz claimed this was untrue, several attempts were made on his life following an inmate screening of the movie.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Wojtowicz praised Pacino's and Sarandon's characterizations of himself and Elizabeth Eden as accurate. In a 2006 interview, the movie's screenwriter, Frank Pierson, said that he tried to visit Wojtowicz in prison many times to get more details about his story when he wrote the screenplay, but Wojtowicz refused to see him because he felt he was not paid enough money for the rights to his story. Either way, the film was very successful, receiving good reviews and won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 1975 ceremony.Documentary The Making of Dog Day Afternoon, Disc 2 of the two-disc Special Edition DVD.

In 2001, The New York Times reported that Wojtowicz was living on welfare in Brooklyn.{{cite news|last=Cotter|first=Harland|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/19/movies/art-review-films-that-keep-asking-is-it-fact-or-fiction.html|title=Films That Keep Asking, Is It Fact or Fiction?|work=The New York Times|date=January 19, 2001|page=E43}} He died of cancer on January 2, 2006, at his mother's home, aged 60.{{cite news |author=Katz, Celeste |date=April 23, 2006 |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2006/04/23/dog-days-journey-into-legend-robber-lover-gone-but-the-flick-is-back/ |title=Dog Day's' journey into legend: Robber, lover gone, but the flick is back |work=New York Daily News |page=30}}

Wojtowicz was the subject of multiple documentaries:

• The Third Memory (1999), directed by artist Pierre Huyghe and first exhibited in a museum context at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Renaissance Society in Chicago, in the format of a two-channel video, took Dog Day Afternoon as its starting point.{{cite news |author=Kennedy, Randy |date=October 13, 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/13/arts/design/13rink.html |title=An Antarctica Sighting in Central Park|work=The New York Times}} It depicts Wojtowicz recreating the events of the bank robbery with actor look-a-likes and props on a reconstruction of the set of Lumet's film. Juxtaposed with footage from Dog Day Afternoon, it demonstrates that Wojtowicz's memory appears to have been irrevocably altered by the film about his life.{{cite web |website=Art Torrents |url=http://arttorrents.blogspot.com/2007/11/pierre-huyghe-third-memory-and-one.html |title=Pierre Huyghe – The Third Memory and One Million Kingdoms|date=November 23, 2007}} For example, he speculated that President Richard Nixon personally ordered the FBI killing of Salvatore, because live news media coverage following the bank robbery that evening was cutting into the network television broadcast of Nixon's re-election acceptance speech at the 1972 Republican National Convention, at The Convention Center in Miami Beach.{{cite news |work=The Artnet |author=Saltz, Jerry |url=http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/saltz/saltz2-14-01.asp |title=History Lesson |date=February 14, 2001}}
• Based on a True Story (2004){{cite book|title=Based on a True Story|author=Stokman, Walter (Writer, Director) |date=2004 |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0454785/}}
• The Dog (also known as Storyville: The Great Sex Addict Heist), by directors Allison Berg and Frank Keraudren, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2013.{{cite news |last=Rapold|first=Nicolas|title=A Kingmaker for Documentaries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/movies/thom-powerss-routine-for-toronto-festival.html |access-date=September 2, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 1, 2013}}{{cite web|last=McCracken|first=Kristin|title=The Dog to Premiere at Toronto International Film Festival: True Story Behind Dog Day Afternoon |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristin-mccracken/true-story-behind-dog-day_b_3689626.html|work=The Huffington Post| date=9 August 2013 |access-date=September 2, 2013}}

{{Reflist|40em}}

• {{cite news|author= Wojtowicz, John|url=http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC15folder/RealDogDay.html |title=Real Dog Day Hero Tells His Story|work=Jump Cut|number=15|date=1977|pages= 31–32}}
• {{cite web|url= http://www.ironicsans.com/2007/08/dog_day_anniversary.html |title=Dog Day Anniversary|website=Ironicsans.com|date= August 22, 2007}}

• {{IMDb name|id=1533421|name=John Wojtowicz}}
• [https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator – Search for John Stanley Wojtowicz or number 76456-158]

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