Jonê County

The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.

Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom ({{bo|t=ཅོ་ནེ་དཔོན་པོ|w=co-ne-dpon-po}},{{cite book|last1=Chen|first1=Guansheng|author-mask1=陈观胜 [Chen Guansheng];|last2=An|first2=Caidan|author-mask2=安才旦 [An Caidan]|script-title=zh:《汉英藏对照常见藏语人名地名词典》|trans-title=Dictionary of Common Tibetan Personal and Place Names|location=Beijing|publisher=Foreign Languages Press|year=2004|isbn=7-119-03497-9|page=376}} {{zh|c=卓尼土司|p=Zhuóní Tǔsī}}), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang ({{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|杨}}}}) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang ({{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|杨}}}}). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949.Tibetan Historical Polities: [http://badger.drupal-dev.shanti.virginia.edu/places/24107/text_node/9400/nojs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101241/http://badger.drupal-dev.shanti.virginia.edu/places/24107/text_node/9400/nojs |date=2017-02-05 }}, retrieved 19 Aug 2017Tibetan, Jone in China: [http://legacy.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=15469&rog3=CH], retrieved 19 Aug 2017

There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:Buddhist Digital Resource Center: [https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=O2DB99341%7CO2DB993412DB993432DB993462DB993492DB993522DB993552DB993762DB994022DB994072DB99412$W1PD5300], retrieved 19 Aug 2017http://www.zhuoni.gov.cn/info/1149/4595.htm, retrieved 21 July 2022http://places.kmaps.virginia.edu/features/24353/descriptions/81, retrieved 21 July 2022

1. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཤིས་བསྡུས།}}
2. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙན་པོ།}}
3. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས།}}
4. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་སྐྱེད།}}
5. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དབང་ཕྱུག}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Hóng |s=杨洪}}
6. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་དྲིན།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Zhēn |s=杨臻}}
7. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་ཚེ་མེས།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Kuímíng |s=杨葵明}}
8. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་གོ་ལུང་།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Guólóng |s=杨国龙}}
9. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་དོན་གྲུབ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Cháoliáng |s=杨朝梁}}
10. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Wēi |s=杨威}}
11. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་མང་སྲོལ་མགོན་པོ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Rǔsōng |s=杨汝松}}
12. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ནོར་བུ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Chōngxiāo |s=杨冲霄}}
13. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསོད་ནམས་ཆོས་འཕེལ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Zhāo |s=杨昭}}
14. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་སྲུང་ཚེ་རིང་།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Shēng |s=杨声}}
15. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རིན་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྐྱབས།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Zōngyè |s=杨宗业}}
16. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆོས་སྐྱབས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Zōngjī |s=杨宗基}}
17. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Yuán |s=杨元}}
18. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྡོ་རྗེ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Zuòlín |s=杨作霖}}
19. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྡོ་རྗེ།}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Jīqìng |s=杨积庆}}
20. {{bo-textonly|ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་པད་མ་དབང་ཕྱུག}} named {{zh|labels=no |p=Yáng Fùxīng |s=杨复兴}}

:"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)."Snellgrove & Richardson (1995), p. 111.

Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Sichuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan.

The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi ({{lang|zh|卓尼土司}}), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|杨}}}}") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanzhou government.Cabot (2003, pp. 157-158. In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence,Ekvall (1939). despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers.

Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery.

The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation tusi Yang Jiqing ({{lang|zh|杨积庆}}){{cite web |url=https://www.tibetcul.com/people/mrzf/35671.html |title=www.tibetcul.com |website=www.tibetcul.com |access-date=21 July 2022}}{{title missing|date=September 2022}}https://www.sohu.com/a/428503229_120068472, retrieved 21 July 2022 ("Following the footsteps of the Austrian explorer of 80 years' ago in Jonê and Tewo; entering the mysterious Shambala world recorded by the botanist Rock"), 2012-12-17), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the National Geographic.Michael Woodhead, In the footsteps of Joseph Rock. Chapter 10, "[https://www.scribd.com/doc/103252997/Seeking-the-Mountains-of-Mystery-Travels-to-Choni-and-Amnye-Machen Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: Travels to Choni and Amnye Machen]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}".Joseph Rock, "Life among the Lamas of Choni: Describing the Mystery Plays and Butter Festival in the Monastery of an Almost Unknown Tibetan Principality in Kansu Province, China". National Geographic, (1928): 569-619{{cite web | url=http://www.charmingbeijing.com/eng/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=130&id=1261 | title=A Righteous and Enlightened Chief | date=9 November 2016 | publisher=charmingbeijing.com | access-date=2 February 2020 }}

As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.

Jonê County is divided to 11 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township.{{cite web

|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/62/30/623022.html

|title = 2022年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：卓尼县

|publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of China

|language = zh

|access-date = }}

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Jonê, elevation {{convert|2592|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)

|Jan high C = 3.7

|Feb high C = 6.3

|Mar high C = 10.4

|Apr high C = 15.0

|May high C = 17.9

|Jun high C = 20.7

|Jul high C = 22.8

|Aug high C = 22.5

|Sep high C = 18.4

|Oct high C = 13.6

|Nov high C = 9.7

|Dec high C = 5.4

|Jan mean C = -6.1

|Feb mean C = -2.5

|Mar mean C = 2.0

|Apr mean C = 6.8

|May mean C = 10.4

|Jun mean C = 13.6

|Jul mean C = 15.9

|Aug mean C = 15.3

|Sep mean C = 11.7

|Oct mean C = 6.4

|Nov mean C = 0.5

|Dec mean C = -4.7

|Jan low C = -13

|Feb low C = -9.0

|Mar low C = -4.0

|Apr low C = 0.5

|May low C = 4.5

|Jun low C = 8.0

|Jul low C = 10.6

|Aug low C = 10.2

|Sep low C = 7.3

|Oct low C = 1.9

|Nov low C = -5.3

|Dec low C = -11.5

|Jan record high C = 19.1 |Jan record low C = -23.3

|Feb record high C = 22.2 |Feb record low C = -20.4

|Mar record high C = 26.5 |Mar record low C = -18.3

|Apr record high C = 32.1 |Apr record low C = -8.6

|May record high C = 29.2 |May record low C = -6.1

|Jun record high C = 29.7 |Jun record low C = 0.7

|Jul record high C = 33.5 |Jul record low C = 2.2

|Aug record high C = 31.0 |Aug record low C = 1.6

|Sep record high C = 29.0 |Sep record low C = -3.7

|Oct record high C = 23.6 |Oct record low C = -8.8

|Nov record high C = 20.1 |Nov record low C = -16.2

|Dec record high C = 16.5 |Dec record low C = -21.8

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 4.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 6.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 17.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 40.1

|May precipitation mm = 82.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 77.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 101.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 86.2

|Sep precipitation mm = 73.3

|Oct precipitation mm = 46.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 7.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 2.1

|Jan humidity = 53

|Feb humidity = 54

|Mar humidity = 58

|Apr humidity = 60

|May humidity = 64

|Jun humidity = 69

|Jul humidity = 72

|Aug humidity = 73

|Sep humidity = 75

|Oct humidity = 72

|Nov humidity = 62

|Dec humidity = 54

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 5.9

|Feb precipitation days = 7.0

|Mar precipitation days = 10.3

|Apr precipitation days = 11.8

|May precipitation days = 16.1

|Jun precipitation days = 16.5

|Jul precipitation days = 15.6

|Aug precipitation days = 14.7

|Sep precipitation days = 15.3

|Oct precipitation days = 13.4

|Nov precipitation days = 5.0

|Dec precipitation days = 3.3

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 200.7

|Feb sun = 183.8

|Mar sun = 202.7

|Apr sun = 210.9

|May sun = 213.6

|Jun sun = 199.9

|Jul sun = 216.9

|Aug sun = 208.0

|Sep sun = 158.7

|Oct sun = 167.5

|Nov sun = 192.6

|Dec sun = 205.9

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 64

| Feb percentsun = 59

| Mar percentsun = 54

| Apr percentsun = 53

| May percentsun = 49

| Jun percentsun = 46

| Jul percentsun = 50

| Aug percentsun = 51

| Sep percentsun = 43

| Oct percentsun = 49

| Nov percentsun = 63

| Dec percentsun = 68

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 10.3

|Feb snow days = 10.8

|Mar snow days = 13.1

|Apr snow days = 7.6

|May snow days = 1.8

|Jun snow days = 0.1

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0.2

|Oct snow days = 4.6

|Nov snow days = 7.5

|Dec snow days = 6.6

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=27 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =27 August 2023}}

}}

• List of administrative divisions of Gansu

{{Reflist}}

• Cabot, Mabel H. (2003). Vanished Kingdoms: A Woman Explorer in Tibet, China & Mongolia, 1921-1925, pp. 148–157. Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum, Harvard. {{ISBN|978-1-931788-18-2}}.
• Dorje, Gyurme (2009). Footprint Tibet Handbook. Footprint Publications, Bath, England. {{ISBN|978-1-906098-32-2}}.
• Ekvall, Robert B. (1939). "Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border", University of Chicago.
• [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~chgis/work/downloads/faqs/1999_pop_faq.html China County & City Population 1999 FAQ]

{{County-level divisions of Gansu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jone County}}

Category:County-level divisions of Gansu

Category:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture