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Autonomous prefecture

{{Short description|People's Republic of China prefecture-level subdivision}}

{{no footnotes|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox subdivision type

| name = Autonomous Prefecture
{{nobold|{{lang-zh|s=自治州|labels=no}}}}
{{lang-zh|p=Zìzhìzhōu|labels=no}}

| alt_name =

| map = 330px

| category = Second-level administrative division of a unitary state

| territory = China

| start_date =

| current_number = 30

| number_date = 1983

| population_range =

| area_range =

| government =

| subdivision =

| caption = Current autonomous prefectures (yellow)

}}

{{Administrative levels and divisions of China sidebar}}

Autonomous prefectures ({{lang-zh|c=自治州|p=zìzhìzhōu}}) are one type of autonomous administrative division in China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being, most commonly, the historic home of significant minorities. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most significant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, a prefecture with a large number of Kazakhs (Kazak in official naming system) may be called a Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided into county level divisions. There is one exception: Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture contains two prefectures of its own. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Autonomous administrative divisions

[[File:Autonomous rule divisions in China.png|thumb|Map of all minority regions under autonomous rule designated by the Central Government

{{legend|#78D2FF|Autonomous Region}}

{{legend|#78FFD2|Autonomous Prefecture}}

{{legend|#FFA850|Autonomous County}}

{{legend|#B9A03A|Autonomous Banner}}

{{legend|#FF0000|Ethnic district}}

]]

File:中国各自治地区及其指定的少数民族 China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority.png

The PRC's autonomous administrative divisions may be found in the first (or top) to third levels of its national administrative divisions thus:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! Level

! Type !! Chinese !! Pinyin !! Number as of June 2005

align="right"| Province (1)  

| Autonomous regions

{{lang|zh-Hans|自治区}}{{Transliteration|zh|Zìzhìqū}}5
align="right"| Prefecture (2)  

| Autonomous prefectures

{{lang|zh|自治州}}{{Transliteration|zh|Zìzhìzhōu}}30
rowspan="2" align="right"| County (3)  

| Autonomous counties

{{lang|zh-Hans|自治县}}{{Transliteration|zh|Zìzhìxiàn}}117
Autonomous banners{{lang|zh|自治旗}}{{Transliteration|zh|Zìzhìqí}}3

List of autonomous prefectures

class="wikitable sortable" width=100% style="font-size:90%;"
Province

! Name

! Simplified Chinese and Pinyin

! Designated minority

! Local name

! Capital

Gansu

| Linxia

| {{lang|zh-hans|临夏回族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Línxià Huízú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Hui

| (The Hui speak Chinese) Xiao'erjing: {{script/Arabic|لٍ‌ثِیَا خُوِزُو زِجِجِوْ}}

| Linxia city

Gansu

| Gannan

| {{lang|zh|甘南藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|ཀན་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Kan-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Hezuo (Hzö) city

Guizhou

| Qiandongnan

| {{lang|zh-hans|黔东南苗族侗族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Miao and Dong

| Hmu: Qeef Dongb Naif Dol Yat Hmub Zid Zid Zeb
Dong: Qeenc Dongs Nanc Nyenc Miiul Nyenc Gaeml Zil Zl Zous

| Kaili (Kad Linx) city

Guizhou

| Qiannan

| {{lang|zh|黔南布依族苗族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Bouyei and Miao

| Bouyei: Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy
Hmu: Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb

| Duyun city

Guizhou

| Qianxinan

| {{nowrap|{{lang|zh-hans|黔西南布依族苗族自治州}}}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Qiánxī'nán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Bouyei and Miao

| Bouyei: Qianfxiynanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz Ziqziqzouy
Hmu: Qeef Xib Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb

| Xingyi city

Hubei

| Enshi

| {{lang|zh|恩施土家族苗族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tujia and Miao

| Tujia: Eng Shiv Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз
Hmong: Ee Si Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb

| Enshi city

Hunan

| Xiangxi

| {{lang|zh|湘西土家族苗族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Xiāngxī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tujia and Miao

| Tujia: Xiз’angv Xif Bif Ziv Kar hev Bef Kar zouf xengv zuvз
Hmong: Xyaa Xyi Thws Ca Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb

| Jishou city

Jilin

| Yanbian

| {{lang|zh-hans|延边朝鲜族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Yánbiān Cháoxiǎnzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Korean

| {{Korean|연변 조선족 자치주}} (Yeonbyeon Joseonjok Jachiju)

| Yanji (Yeongil) city

Qinghai

| Haibei

| {{lang|zh|海北藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Hǎiběi Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|མཚོ་བྱང་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Mtsho-byang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Haiyan County

Qinghai

| Hainan

| {{lang|zh|海南藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Hǎinán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Mtsho-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Gonghe County

Qinghai

| Huangnan

| {{lang|zh-hans|黄南藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Huángnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|རྨ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Rma-lho Bod-rigs rang skyong khul)

| Tongren city

Qinghai

| Golog

| {{lang|zh|果洛藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Guǒluò Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|མགོ་ལོག་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Mgo-log Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Maqên County

Qinghai

| Yushu

| {{lang|zh-hans|玉树藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Yùshù Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|ཡུལ་ཤུལ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Yul-shul Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Yushu city

Qinghai

| Haixi

| {{lang|zh|海西蒙古族藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Mongolian & Tibetan

| Mongolian: {{Mongolunicode|ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ}} (Borotal a-yin mongγol ebereen öbertegen zasaqu ǰuu)
Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Mtsho-nub Sog-rigs dang Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul)

| Delingha (Delhi) city

Sichuan

| Ngawa

| {{lang|zh-hans|阿坝藏族羌族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Ābà Zàngzú Qiāngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan & Qiang

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་ཆ་བ༹ང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Rnga-ba Bod-rigs dang Chavang-rigs rang skyong khul)
Qiangic: Ggabba Shbea Rrmea nyujugvez zhou

| Barkam city

Sichuan

| Garzê

| {{lang|zh|甘孜藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|དཀར་མཛེས་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Dkar-mdzes Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul)

| Kangding (Dartsedo) city

Sichuan

| Liangshan

| {{lang|zh-hans|凉山彝族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Yi

| {{langx|ii|ꆃꎭꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}} (Niepsha Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)

| Xichang (Op Rro) city

Xinjiang

| Kizilsu

| {{lang|zh-hans|克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Kèzīlèsū Kē'ěrkèzī Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Kyrgyz

| Kyrgyz: {{script/Arabic|قىزىلسۇۇ قىرعىز اپتونوم وبلاسى}} (Kızılsuu Kırgız avtonom oblastı)

| Artux city

Xinjiang

| Bortala

| {{lang|zh-hans|博尔塔拉蒙古自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Mongolian

| Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ}} (Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu)

| Bole (Bortala) city

Xinjiang

| Changji

| {{lang|zh|昌吉回族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Chāngjí Huízú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Hui

| (The Hui speak Chinese) Xiao'erjing: {{script/Arabic|چَانْ‌ݣِ خُوِزُو زِجِجِوْ}}

| Changji city

Xinjiang

| Bayingolin

| {{lang|zh|巴音郭楞蒙古自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Bāyīnguōlèng Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Mongolian

| Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ}} (Bayangol mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu)

| Korla city

Xinjiang

| Ili
(Altay)
(Tacheng)

| {{lang|zh-hans|伊犁哈萨克自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu}}
({{lang|zh-hans|阿勒泰地区}})
({{Transliteration|zh|Ālètài Dìqū}})
({{lang|zh-hans|塔城地区}})
({{Transliteration|zh|Tǎchéng Dìqū}})

| Kazakh

| Kazakh: {{lang|kk-Arab|ىله قازاق اۆتونومىيالى وبلىسى}} (İle Qazaq awtonomïyalıq oblısı)
(Kazakh: {{lang|kk-Arab|ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى}}) (Altay aymağı)
(Kazakh: {{lang|kk-Arab|تارباعاتاي ايماعى}}) (Tarbağatay aymağı)

| Yining (Ghulja) city
(Altay city)
(Tacheng city)

Yunnan

| Dehong

| {{lang|zh-hans|德宏傣族景颇族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Déhóng Dǎizú Jǐngpōzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Dai and Jingpo

| Tai Nüa - {{lang|tdd|ᥟᥪᥒᥱ ᥙᥪᥴ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥙᥩᥒ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥓᥤᥒ ᥚᥨᥲ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ}} (Sakhkung Sam Jinghpo Amyu Madu Uphkang Mungdo)
Zaiwa:{{Lang|atb|Sikung Sam Zaizo Byumyu Yumsing Upkang Mau}}

| Mangshi city

Yunnan

| Nujiang

| {{lang|zh|怒江傈僳族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Nùjiāng Lìsùzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Lisu

| Lisu: ꓠꓳ-ꓟꓵ ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓝꓳꓴ (Nolmut lisu shit jilqait guatshit zhou)

| Lushui city

Yunnan

| Dêqên (Diqing)

| {{lang|zh-hans|迪庆藏族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Díqìng Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Tibetan

| Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|བདེ་ཆེན་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}} (Bde-chen Bod-rigs rang-skyong khul)

| Shangri-La city

Yunnan

| Dali

| {{lang|zh|大理白族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Bai

| Bai: Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox

| Dali city

Yunnan

| Chuxiong

| {{lang|zh|楚雄彝族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Yi

| {{langx|ii|ꀒꇐꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}} (Olu Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)

| Chuxiong city

Yunnan

| Honghe

| {{lang|zh-hans|红河哈尼族彝族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Hani and Yi

| Hani: Haoqhoq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifzel
{{langx|ii|ꉼꉻꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ}} (Hopho Nuosu Zytjiejux dde Zho)

| Mengzi city

Yunnan

| Wenshan

| {{lang|zh-hans|文山壮族苗族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Wenshān Zhuàngzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Zhuang and Miao

| {{langx|za|Munzsanh Bouxcuengh Myauzcuz Swcicouh}}
Hmong: Veej Sa Tsuaam Txhwj Mioj Txhwj Txim Tsim Tsawb

| Wenshan city

Yunnan

| Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna)

| {{lang|zh-hans|西双版纳傣族自治州}}
{{Transliteration|zh|Xīshuāngbǎnnà Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu}}

| Dai

| {{langx|khb|ᦈᦹᧈ ᦈᦹᧈ ᦵᦋᦲᧁᧈ ᦘᦱ ᦉᦱ ᦺᦑ ᧑᧒ ᦗᧃ ᦓᦱ}}

| Jinghong city

Ethnic composition of autonomous prefectures

:Note: * - denotes as the second titular ethnic group

class="wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="2" |Autonomous
prefecture

rowspan="2" |Year
established		rowspan="2" | Provincecolspan="3" | Titular
ethnic group		colspan="3" | Other
minorities

! colspan="2" |Han %

Total
population
!% 2000

!% 2010

!

!% 2000

!% 2010

!2000

!2010

!

Bayingolin Prefecture1954XinjiangMongolian

|3.40

3.40Uyghur

|31.83

31.83

|59.29

59.29{{formatnum:1323028}}
Bortala Prefecture1954XinjiangMongolian

|5.64

5.66Uyghur

|12.53

13.32

|67.19

64.96{{formatnum:482615}}
Changji Prefecture1954XinjiangHui

|11.55

9.52Kazakh

|7.98

9.33

|75.14

75.31{{formatnum:1412844}}
Chuxiong Prefecture1958YunnanYi

|26.31

26.70Lisu

|2.03

1.98

|67.45

66.94{{formatnum:2615109}}
Dali Prefecture1956YunnanBai

|32.80

32.19Yi

|12.94

13.02

|50.35

50.69{{formatnum:3525706}}
Dehong Prefecture1953YunnanDai

|30.14

28.88Jingpo*

|11.53

11.09

|50.66

51.93{{formatnum:1124432}}
Dêqên (Diqing) Prefecture1957YunnanTibetan

|33.12

32.36Lisu

|27.78

26.72

|16.39

18.34{{formatnum:357528}}
Enshi Prefecture1983HubeiTujia

|45.00

47.50Miao*

|5.45

5.01

|47.24

45.32{{formatnum:3976081}}
Gannan Prefecture1953GansuTibetan

|51.44

54.64Hui

|6.43

6.25

|41.75

38.70{{formatnum:723521}}
Garzê Prefecture1950SichuanTibetan

|78.37

78.29Yi

|2.56

2.66

|18.24

18.24{{formatnum:1060632}}
Golog Prefecture1954QinghaiTibetan

|91.63

91.86Hui

|1.11

0.96

|6.59

6.57{{formatnum:173541}}
Haibei Prefecture1953QinghaiTibetan

|24.15

24.36Hui

|30.58

31.52

|36.63

35.88{{formatnum:283230}}
Hainan Prefecture1953QinghaiTibetan

|62.77

66.31Hui

|6.97

6.84

|28.06

24.84{{formatnum:446849}}
Haixi Prefecture1954QinghaiMongol

|7.23

5.53Tibetan*

|12.16

10.93

|64.95

66.01{{formatnum:390743}}
Honghe Prefecture1957YunnanHani

|16.60

17.55Yi*

|23.57

| 23.19

|44.31

42.85{{formatnum:4408699}}
Huangnan Prefecture1953QinghaiTibetan

|66.32

68.55Mongol

|13.54

13.98

|7.54

6.08{{formatnum:254033}}
Ili Prefecture1954XinjiangKazakh| 21.53Uyghur| 26.88| 35.22{{formatnum:2814980}}
Kizilsu Prefecture1954XinjiangKyrgyz

|28.32

27.32Uyghur

|63.98

64.68

|6.41

6.78{{formatnum:539849}}
Liangshan Prefecture1952SichuanYi

|44.43

49.13Tibetan

|1.49

1.39

|51.97

47.55{{formatnum:4789421}}
Linxia Prefecture1956GansuHui| 31.59Dongxiang| 25.99| 39.70{{formatnum:2103259}}
Ngawa Prefecture1953SichuanTibetan

|53.72

54.50Qiang*

|18.28

17.58

|24.69

24.56{{formatnum:898846}}
Nujiang Prefecture1954YunnanLisu

|47.13

48.21Bai

|26.97

26.04

|13.13

12.35{{formatnum:520765}}
Qiandongnan Prefecture1956GuizhouMiao

|41.48

41.57Dong*

|31.40

29.02

|19.3

21.73{{formatnum:4535015}}
Qiannan Prefecture1956GuizhouBuyei

|32.46

31.22Miao*

|13.37

12.69

|43.37

44.84{{formatnum:4037887}}
Qianxinan Prefecture1982GuizhouBuyei

|30.04

27.56Miao*

|7.51

7.08

|57.53

60.62{{formatnum:3398147}}
Wenshan Prefecture1958YunnanMiao

|12.94

13.68Zhuang*

|30.04

29.20

|41.99

42.69{{formatnum:3703008}}
Xiangxi Prefecture1957HunanTujia| 42.73Miao*| 33.85| 22.85{{formatnum:2547833}}
Xishuangbanna (Sibsongbanna) Prefecture1953YunnanDai

|29.89

27.89Hani

|18.73

19.01

|29.11

30.03{{formatnum:942844}}
Yanbian Prefecture1952JilinKorean

|36.26

32.45Manchu

|2.58

2.52

|60.70

64.55{{formatnum:2190763}}
Yushu Prefecture1951QinghaiTibetan| 96.49Hui| 0.22| 3.09{{formatnum:373427}}

Former autonomous prefectures of China

Administrative prefecture level units with a population of 30% or more of ethnic minorities

:Excluding prefecture level units of autonomous regions in 2000.

  • Hebei: Chengde (Han - 55.32%, Manchu - 39.87%)
  • Liaoning: Benxi (Han - 66.84%, Manchu - 30.22%), Dandong (Han - 64.11%, Manchu - 32.99%)
  • Hunan: Zhangjiajie (Tujia - 68.40%, Han - 22.81%), Huaihua (Han - 61.33%, Dong - 17.42%, Miao - 15.63%)
  • Guizhou: Anshun (Han - 61.6%, Buyei - 16.92%, Miao - 14.27%), Tongren (Tujia - 37.81%, Han - 31.76%, Miao - 14.87%, Dong - 11.41%)
  • Yunnan: Yuxi (Han - 68,18%, Yi - 19,32%), Pu'er (Han - 40,92%, Hani - 16,98%, Yi - 16.58%, Lahu - 11.47%), Lijiang (Han - 42.71%, Nakhi 20.51%, Yi - 18.68%, Lisu - 9.62%), Lincang (Han - 61.22%, Dai - 15.77%, Lahu and Va - 9.76%)
  • Qinghai: Haidong (Han - 56.33%, Hui - 20.38%, Tibetan - 9.2%, Tu - 8.06%)

See also

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20170314233106/http://www.bjreview.com/nation/txt/2009-05/27/content_197768_8.htm Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in China]

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China