Joseph Barès
{{short description|French general}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Joseph Barès
| image = Général Barès de l'aviation (portrait) (cropped).jpg
| caption = General Barès in 1933
| office1 = 2nd, 4th, 6th Chief of the Air Force Staff
| term_start1 = 5 January 1931
| term_end1 = 28 August 1931
| predecessor1 = Henry Michaud
| successor1 = Lucien Hergault
| term_start2 = 15 January 1933
| term_end2 = 2 April 1933
| predecessor2 = Lucien Hergault
| successor2 = Victor Denain
| term_start3 = 16 February 1934
| term_end3 =3 September 1934
| predecessor3 = Victor Denain
| successor3 = Louis Picard
| birth_date = {{birth date|1872|11|27|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1954|4|27|1872|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = Azul, Argentine Republic
| death_place =Aspet, French Republic
| resting_place =
| nationality = French
| children =
| mother = Magdeleine Dhers
| father = Joseph Barès
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
- École Spéciale Militaire{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6269446h/f4.image|title=Concours de 1892|date=7 July 1892|accessdate=26 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic}}
- École Supérieure de Guerre
| signature =
| allegiance = {{flagicon|France|1794}} Third Republic
| branch = French Navy (Until 1896)
- Marine Infantry
French Army (Until 1934)
- Military Aeronautics
French Air Force (1934)
| serviceyears = 1892 – 1934
| rank = Air division general
| unit =
{{Collapsible list
| title = List
|
- 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62403833/f3.image|title=Décret portant affectation d'officiers de marine|date=15 September 1894|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 13th Marine Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63528295/f8.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine|date=28 February 1895|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 7th Marine Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6240302n/f15.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine|date=9 May 1896|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 98th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62280689/f6.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie de marine|date=7 September 1897|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 16th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62338466/f2.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=16 August 1901|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 12th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6328168w/f13.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=24 December 1907|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 56th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6391587c/f17.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=9 May 1911|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 52nd Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64170708/f12.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=24 October 1911|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 1st Engineering Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63422040/f26.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=23 December 1911|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 6th Infantry Regiment
- 154th Infantry Regiment
- 108th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63286372/f14.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=21 May 1914|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 49th Infantry Regiment
- 24th Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63743642/f10.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=22 September 1920|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
- 34th Air Regiment{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64399442/f38.image|title=Décision portant mutation dans l'infanterie|date=24 February 1921|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
}}
| battles =
{{Collapsible list
| title = List
|
}}
}}
Joseph Édouard Barès (27 November 1872{{cite web|url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH143/PG/FRDAFAN84_O19800035v0468728.htm|title=Birth certificate of Barès, Joseph Édouard|language=French|website=culture.gouv.fr|accessdate=26 October 2019}} – 27 August 1954) was a French general and a pioneer of military aviation. A veteran of the First World War, he later served three time as Chief of Staff of the French Air Force.
Biography
Joseph Édouard Barès was born on 27 November 1872 in Azul, Argentina from French parents.
Barès entered the École Spéciale Militaire in 1892 and graduated in 1894, choosing the Marine Infantry arm. He was affected to three different regiments and was finally promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. He participated to the Second Madagascar expedition in 1895. He then entered the École Supérieure de Guerre in 1896 where he changed is path of career to the regular Infantry of the French Army. With the development of military aviation, he joined the air service of the Army in several infantry regiments and was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 14 October 1911 for his exceptional services to the Military Aeronautics.{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6417062q/f11.image|title=Décret portant nomination dans la Légion d'honneur|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French|date=14 October 1911|website=gallica.bnf.fr|accessdate=27 October 2019}}
On 13 September 1914, General Joseph Joffre appointed Barès Director of the Aeronautical Service (Directeur du Service Aéronautique) at the Grand Quartier Général. A proponent of the offensive against the German Industries, Barès pioneered aerial bombing, but forbade attacks against cities and civilian targets. In September 1915 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, but with the appointment of General Robert Nivelle as commander-in-chief of the French armies in December 1916, Barès was replaced by Paul du Peuty. On 15 February 1917 Barès assumed the post of air commander of the eastern front, with particular responsibility for the sector of Verdun.
Barès was promoted to Général de Brigade on 20 March 1923 and was put in command of an air brigade. In the 1930s, as a Général de division, Joseph Barès was two times Chief of Staff of the Air Forces, before becoming Chief of Staff of the Air Army in 1934 with its official creation as an independent branch of the French Armed Forces. He retired the same year after more than 40 years of service. In December 1936, then Minister of the Air Pierre Cot awarded him the Military Medal, an honour rarely bestowed on general officers.
Honours and decorations
| class="wikitable" |
| style="width:100px;"|Ribbon bar
! Honour ! Date ! Source |
|---|
| 100px
| Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour | align="center"|4 January 1934 |
| 100px
| Grand Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour | align="center"|7 July 1930 |
| 100px
| Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour | align="center"|26 February 1921 |
| 100px
| Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour | align="center"|3 December 1914 |
| 100px
| Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour | align="center"|14 October 1911 |
| 100px
| align="center"|15 December 1936 |
| 100px
| War Cross 1914–1918 – Three palms | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |
| 100px
| War Cross for foreign operational theatres – One palm | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |
| 100px
| Madagascar commemorative medal - Second Campaign Medal | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |
| 100px
| White Cross of Military Merit (Spain) | align="center"| - | align="center"| - |
Military ranks
| class="wikitable" |
| Cadet
! Second lieutenant ! Lieutenant ! Captain ! Battalion chief |
|---|
| align="center" width="20%" | 30px
| align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px |
| 28 October 1892{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63153409/f3.image|title=Décret portant nomination à l'École spéciale Militaire|date=16 October 1892|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
! 23 September 1913 |
| colspan="6" style="background: lightsteelblue" | |
| Lieutenant colonel
! Colonel ! Brigade general ! Division general ! Air division general |
| align="center" width="20%" | 30px
| align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px | align="center" width="20%" | 30px |
| 3 September 1915{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6356083f/f2.image|title=Décret portant promotion dans l'infanterie|date=3 September 1915|accessdate=27 October 2019|website=gallica.bnf.fr|last=Government of the French Republic|language=French}}
! 18 July 1934 |
Bibliography
- Le général Barès: "créateur et inspirateur de l'aviation", Nouvelles Editions Latines, 1994
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH143/PG/FRDAFAN84_O19800035v0468720.htm Service records] of General Barès
{{World War I}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bares, Edouard}}
Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Category:Military aviation leaders of World War I
Category:Chiefs of the Staff of the French Air and Space Force