Joseph Mellor

{{Distinguish|text=the founder of Mellor Brothers in South Australia and Victoria}}

Joseph William Mellor {{post-nominals|country=UK|CBE|FRS}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Green | first1 = A. T. | title = Joseph William Mellor. 1869–1938 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1939.0018 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society| volume = 2 | issue = 7 | pages = 572–576| year = 1939 }} (1868–1938) was an English chemist and an authority on ceramics who grew up in New Zealand.

Early life

Joseph William Mellor was born in Lindley, Huddersfield, England, in 1869.{{Cite ODNB | title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/56145 | year = 2004 }} He moved to New Zealand with his family in 1879 and settled in Kaiapoi, where he attended Kaiapoi School. During his two years in Canterbury, he worked at the Kaiapoi Woollen Company. The family moved to Dunedin in 1881 where he went to Linden School in the suburb of Kaikorai Valley.{{cite book | editor-last = Scholefield | editor-first = Guy | editor-link = Guy Scholefield | title = A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : M–Addenda | volume = II | year = 1940 | publisher = Department of Internal Affairs | location = Wellington | url = http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/files/documents/dnzb-1940/scholefield-dnzb-v2.pdf | access-date = 18 February 2020 |pages=77f}} The family was too poor to send Joseph to secondary school, but he continued to study in his spare time and undertook self-initiated study at King Edward Technical College.{{cite web |title=The World of Joseph W. Mellor |url= https://www.otago.ac.nz/library/exhibitions/mellor/ |website=University of Otago Library |access-date=17 January 2019}} Mellor graduated from the University of Otago in 1898. He won a scholarship to study for a research degree at the University of Manchester.

Career in the UK

Mellor never returned to New Zealand, although he kept in contact with relatives there and represented the country as a governor of Imperial College, London.

After his three years at Manchester, he based himself in north Staffordshire where he carried out research in the local industry, ceramics. In 1910 the separate towns which make up Stoke-on-Trent federated, and a decision was made to build a technical college, which opened in 1914 with Mellor as Principal. The college specialised in ceramics and mining: it was provided with a ceramics library by the Carnegie UK Trust.The files on this and other Carnegie libraries in the UK are held in the National Archives of Scotland

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During the First World War Mellor's research was directed towards refractories, high-temperature ceramics relevant to the steel industry and thus the war effort. Although offered a peerage for his contribution towards the war effort, Mellor turned it down saying that he had freely given his scientific knowledge to help his country because ill-health prevented him joining the army and fighting in France.{{cite web|title=www.northstaffordshire.co.uk/?tag=central-school-of-science-and-technology|url=http://www.northstaffordshire.co.uk/?tag=central-school-of-science-and-technology|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914051122/http://www.northstaffordshire.co.uk/?tag=central-school-of-science-and-technology|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 September 2012}}

Mellor's publications include a sixteen-volume work published in 1922, entitled A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry.[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/M/MellorJosephWilliamCbeFrs/MellorJosephWilliamCbeFrs/en Encyclopaedia of New Zealand] He dedicated this work "to the Privates in the Great Army of Workers in Chemistry: Their Names Have Been Forgotten, Their Works Remain."{{cite book |last1=Mellor |first1=J.W. |title=A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Vols. I-XVI |date=1922 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jA5GAQAAMAAJ |access-date=20 February 2022}}

Honors and awards

In 1927 Mellor became only the second person to be elected to the Royal Society for work related to ceramics, the first having been Josiah Wedgwood in the eighteenth century. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1938 New Year Honours.