Judenfrei

Establishments, villages, cities, and regions were declared judenfrei or judenrein after they were apparently cleared of Jews. However, some Jewish people survived by being hidden and sheltered by friendly neighbours. In Berlin, they were known as "submariners" since they seemed to have disappeared (under the waves). Many survived the end of the war, hence becoming Holocaust survivors.

• Gelnhausen, Germany and Calw, Germany – reported judenfrei on November 1, 1938, by propaganda newspaper Kinzigwacht after their synagogues were closed and remaining local Jews forced to leave the towns.{{cite web |title='Gelnhausen endlich judenfrei': Zur Geschichte der Juden während der Nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung |language=de |trans-title='Gelnhausen finally free of Jews': On the History of the Jews during the Nazi persecution |url=http://www.gelnhausen.de/PDFDat/dauerausst_synagoge.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928160220/http://www.gelnhausen.de/PDFDat/dauerausst_synagoge.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}
• German-occupied Bydgoszcz (Poland) – reported judenfrei in December 1939.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
• German-annexed Alsace – reported judenrein by Robert Heinrich Wagner in July 1940.{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia Judaica |chapter=Alsace |first1=Bernhard |last1=Blumenkranz |first2=Moshe |last2=Catane |chapter-url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/alsace |date=2007 |edition=2 |publisher=Thomson Gale}}
• Banat, German-occupied territory of Serbia – reported judenfrei on 19 August 1941 in Völkische Beobachter (lit. People's Observer).{{cite book|last=Drndić|first=Daša|title=April u Berlinu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZxNAQAAMAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Fraktura|isbn=978-953-266-095-1|page=24|quote=Njemački list Völkische Beobachter objavio je 19. kolovoza 1941. da je Banat konačno Juden frei.}} On 20 August 1941 Banat was declared judenfrei by its German administrators.{{cite book |last=Muth|first=Thorsten |title=Das Judentum: Geschichte und Kultur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tcA-AQAAIAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Pressel |isbn=978-3-937950-28-0 |page=452 |quote=Am 20. August konnte die deutsche Führung das Banat für Judenfrei" erklären.}}
• German-occupied Luxembourg – reported judenfrei by the press on October 17, 1941.{{cite web |date=July 3, 2005 |url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2005/07/03asselborn_shoah/index.html |title=Commémoration de la Shoah au Luxembourg |trans-title=Commemoration of the Shoah in Luxembourg |publisher=Government of Luxembourg |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930055730/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2005/07/03asselborn_shoah/index.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}
• German-occupied Estonia – December 1941.{{cite web |url=http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/einsatzArep.htm |title=Extract from Report by Einsatzgruppe A |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112165947/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/einsatzArep.htm |archive-date=November 12, 2007}} Partial Translation of Document 2273-PS Source: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Vol. IV. USGPO, Washington, 1946, pp. 944–949 Reported as judenfrei at the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942.{{cite web|title=Estonian Jews |publisher=Simon Wiesenthal Center |url=http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/text/x07/xr0707.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003632/http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/text/x07/xr0707.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |url-status=dead }} sourced to {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of the Holocaust |year=1990 |publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company |location=New York}}
• Independent State of Croatia – Declared judenfrei by Interior Minister Andrija Artuković in February 1942 but Germany suspected that this was not true and the authorities from Berlin sent Franz Abromeit to assess the situation. After that, the Ustaše were under pressure to finish the job. In April 1942 two hundred Jews from Osijek were deported to Jasenovac, while 2,800 were sent to Auschwitz.{{cite book|last=Subotić|first=Jelena|year=2019|title=Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, New York|isbn=978-1-50174-241-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dA2QDwAAQBAJ|page=106}} The Gestapo organized the deportation to Auschwitz of the last Croatian Jews in May 1943, 1,700 from Zagreb and 2,500 from other parts of the NDH.{{cite book | first=Milan | last=Bulajić | date=2002 | title=Jasenovac: the Jewish Serbian holocaust (the role of the Vatican) in Nazi-Ustasha Croatia (1941-1945) | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgJnAAAAMAAJ&q=1700+May+1943+Zagreb+Auschwich | page=222| publisher=Fund for Genocide Research | isbn=9788641902211 }}{{cite book | first=Jelena | last=Subotić | date=2019 | title=Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism | publisher=Cornell University Press | isbn=9781501742415 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dA2QDwAAQBAJ&q=1700+were+from+Zagreb+Auschwich&pg=PA107}}{{rp|107}} German diplomat Siegfried Kasche pronounced Croatia judenfrei in a message to Berlin on 18 April 1944, stating that "Croatia is one of the countries in which the Jewish problem has been solved".[http://www.porges.net/JewishHistoryOfYugoslavia.html Jewish History of Yugoslavia], porges.net; accessed 5 May 2016.{{cite web| url = http://www.porges.net/JewishHistoryOfYugoslavia.html | title = Povijest Židova Jugoslavije | language = fr | publisher = Porges.net | access-date = 12 August 2015}}
• German-occupied territory of Serbia / Belgrade – May 1942, reported in the SS-Standartenführer Emanuel Schäfer cable sent to the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin; Schäfer was the Der Befehlshaber der SIPO und des SD head at that time in Belgrade,{{cite book|last1=Lituchy|first1=Barry M.|title=Jasenovac and the Holocaust in Yugoslavia: analyses and survivor testimonies|year=2006|isbn=978-0-97534-320-3|publisher=Jasenovac Research Institute|pages=xxxiii}}{{cite book|last=Manoschek|first=Walter|title="Serbien ist judenfrei": militärische Besatzungspolitik und Judenvernichtung in Serbien 1941/42|isbn= 9783486561371|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=1995|page=184}}{{cite book|last=Lebel|first=G'eni|title=Until "the Final Solution": The Jews in Belgrade 1521 - 1942|isbn= 9781886223332|publisher=Avotaynu|year=2007|page=329}}{{cite book|last1=Herbert|first1=Ulrich|last2=Schildt|first2= Axel|title=Kriegsende in Europa|isbn= 9783884745113|publisher=Klartext|year=1998|page=149}} while in June 1942 he reported to his supervisors that "Serbien ist Judenfrei" (lit. "Serbia is free of Jews").{{rp|3}} In August 1942, Harald Turner reported to the German commander in the Balkans that Serbia was the first European territory where the "Jewish problem" was solved.John K. Cox; (2002) The History of Serbia p. 92-93; Greenwood, {{ISBN|0313312907}}{{cite book | last = Prusin | first = Alexander | title = Serbia Under the Swastika: A World War II Occupation | year = 2017| publisher = University of Illinois Press| location = Urbana, Illinois | isbn = 978-0-252-09961-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud4nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46}}{{rp|118}}
• Vienna – reported judenfrei by Alois Brunner on October 9, 1942.
• Berlin, Germany – May 19, 1943.{{cite web |title=Was war am 19. Mai 1943 |language=de |trans-title=What was on May 19, 1943 |publisher=chroniknet |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?year=1943&month=5&day=19 |access-date=October 20, 2008 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305014113/http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?year=1943&month=5&day=19 |url-status=dead }}
• Erlangen, Germany was declared judenfrei in 1944.

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• Armenia without Armenians
• History of the Jews in Germany

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