Judith River Formation

{{Short description|Fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, part of the Judith River Group}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Judith River Formation

| image = Judith River Formation exposure-1.jpg

| caption = Judith River Formation, Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument

| type = Geological formation

| age = Campanian, {{Fossil range|79|75.3}}

| period = Campanian

| prilithology = Mudstone and sandstone

| namedfor = Judith River near the confluence with the Missouri River

| namedby = F.V. Hayden, 1871;Hayden, F.V., 1871. Geology of the Missouri Valley: Preliminary report (4th annual) of the Geol. Surv. of Wyoming and portions of contiguous territories. F.B. Meek, 1876.Meek, Fielding Bradford, 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country, Hayden, F.V., Geologist in Charge; United States Geologic and Geographic Survey of the Territories, vol. 9, page 629

| region = Montana

| country = United States

| unitof = Judith River Group

| subunits = Parkman Sandstone Member, McClelland Ferry Member, Coal Ridge Member, Woodhawk Member

| underlies = Bearpaw Formation

| overlies = Claggett Formation, Pakowki Formation

| thickness = max {{convert|360|m|ft|sp=us}}{{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:007256 |title=Judith River Formation|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geological Units|access-date=2009-02-06}}

}}

The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the Late Cretaceous, between 79 and 75.3 million years ago,{{Cite journal |last1=Ramezani |first1=Jahandar |last2=Beveridge |first2=Tegan L. |last3=Rogers |first3=Raymond R. |last4=Eberth |first4=David A. |last5=Roberts |first5=Eric M. |date=2022-09-26 |title=Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=16026 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-19896-w |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9512893 |pmid=36163377}} corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age. It was laid down during the same time period as portions of the Two Medicine Formation of MontanaSullivan, R.M. and Lucas, S. G. (2006). "The Kirtlandian land-vertebrate "age"–faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America." Pp. 7-29 in Lucas, S. G. and Sullivan, R.M. (eds.), Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35. and the Oldman Formation of Alberta.{{cite book |last=Eberth |first=David A. |year=1997 |chapter=Judith River Wedge |editor=Currie, Philip J. |editor-link=Phil Currie |editor2=Padian Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadino00jcur_131 |url-access=limited |publisher= Academic Press |location=San Diego |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadino00jcur_131/page/n409 379]–380 |isbn=0-12-226810-5}}

It is an historically important formation, explored by early American paleontologists such as Edward Drinker Cope, who named several dinosaurs from scrappy remains found here on his 1876 expedition (such as Monoclonius). Modern work has found nearly complete skeletons of the hadrosaurid Brachylophosaurus.

Lithology

The Judith River Formation is composed of mudstone, siltstone and sandstone. Coal beds, bentonite and coquinas are also observed.

File:Judith River Formation exposure-2.jpg

Relationship with other units

The Judith River Formation conformably overlies the Claggett Formation and Pakowki Formation. It is overlain by the Bearpaw Formation. It is equivalent to the Belly River Formation in the southern Canadian Rockies foothills, the Lea Park Formation in central Alberta and the Wapiti Formation in the northwestern plains.

=Sub-divisions=

File:Judith River Formation, Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument.jpg

The Judith River Formation is divided into four members, the Parkman Sandstone Member, the McClelland Ferry Member, the Coal Ridge member, and the Woodhawk Member.{{Cite journal|last1=Rogers|first1=Raymond R.|last2=Kidwell|first2=Susan M.|last3=Deino|first3=Alan L.|last4=Mitchell|first4=James P.|last5=Nelson|first5=Kenneth|last6=Thole|first6=Jeffrey T.|date=2016-01-01|title=Age, Correlation, and Lithostratigraphic Revision of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation in Its Type Area (North-Central Montana), with a Comparison of Low- and High-Accommodation Alluvial Records|journal=The Journal of Geology|volume=124|issue=1|pages=99–135|doi=10.1086/684289|bibcode=2016JG....124...99R |s2cid=130555911|issn=0022-1376}} The McClelland Ferry Member (78.7-76.3 Ma) is believed to be equivalent to the Oldman Formation, with the Coal Ridge Member (76.3-75.3 Ma) equivalent to the Dinosaur Park Formation.

Fauna

Image:Judith River Fauna.jpgs of Judith River Formation]]

Faunal list follows a review published by Ashok Sahni in 1972 unless otherwise noted.Sahni, A. (1972). "The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana." Bulletin of the AMNH, v. 147 article 6: 321-415.

=Amphibians=

There are three potential species of discoglossid frogs. Hip bones, possibly representing a North American member of the European spadefoot toad family are also known from the formation.

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Amphibians of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Habrosaurus \| H. dilatus \| \| \| \| A siren
Lisserpeton \| L. bairdi \| \| \| \| A scapherpetonid salamander
Opisthotriton \| O. kayi \| \| \| \| A possible lungless salamander
Prodesmodon \| P. copei \| \| \| \| A lungless salamander
Scapherpeton \| S. tectum \| \| \| \| A scapherpetonid salamander

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Amphibians of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Habrosaurus

H. dilatus

A siren

Lisserpeton

L. bairdi

A scapherpetonid salamander

Opisthotriton

O. kayi

A possible lungless salamander

Prodesmodon

P. copei

A lungless salamander

Scapherpeton

S. tectum

A scapherpetonid salamander

=Fish=

==Bony fish==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Bony fishes of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Belonostomus \|Belonostomus longirostris \| \| \| \|An aspidorhynchiform. \| rowspan="20" \|
Cyclurus \|C. fragosus \| \| \| \|A bowfin.{{Cite journal \|last=Grande \|first=Lance \|last2=Bemis \|first2=William E. \|date=1998-04-10 \|title=A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Study of Amiid Fishes (Amiidae) Based on Comparative Skeletal Anatomy. an Empirical Search for Interconnected Patterns of Natural History \|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114 \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=18 \|issue=sup1 \|pages=1–696 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114 \|issn=0272-4634\|url-access=subscription }}
Lepisosteus \|L. occidentalis \| \| \|Scales{{Cite journal \|last=Leidy \|first=J. \|date=1856-12-31 \|title=Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. FV Hayden in the Bad Lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. \|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1038128 \|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia \|volume=8 \|pages=72–73 \|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1038128}} \|A gar.
?Paralbula \|?P. sp. \| \| \| \|A bonefish.
Priscosturion \|P. longipinnis \|McClelland Ferry{{Cite journal \|last1=Grande \|first1=Lance \|last2=Hilton \|first2=Eric J. \|date=July 2006 \|title=An Exquisitely Preserved Skeleton Representing a Primitive Sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: N. Gen. and Sp.) \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/an-exquisitely-preserved-skeleton-representing-a-primitive-sturgeon-from-the-upper-cretaceous-judith-river-formation-of-montana-acipenseriformes-acipenseridae-n-gen-and-sp/5F587FC3FB17BBD18E359753BF583E15 \|journal=Journal of Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=80 \|issue=S65 \|pages=1–39 \|doi=10.1666/05032.1 \|s2cid=131689748 \|issn=0022-3360\|url-access=subscription }} \|Upper Campanian \| \|A sturgeon.
style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|Psammorhynchus \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|P. longipinnis \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|McClelland Ferry \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|Upper Campanian \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|Preoccupied name, renamed Priscosturion.{{Cite journal \|last1=Grande \|first1=Lance \|last2=Hilton \|first2=Eric J. \|date=March 2009 \|title=A replacement name for †Psammorhynchus Grande & Hilton, 2006 (Actinopterygii, Acipenseriformes, Acipenseridae) \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/replacement-name-for-psammorhynchus-grande-hilton-2006-actinopterygii-acipenseriformes-acipenseridae/B426CF08231011559A03771797277003 \|journal=Journal of Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=83 \|issue=2 \|pages=317–318 \|doi=10.1666/08-137.1 \|s2cid=85233540 \|issn=0022-3360\|url-access=subscription }}
Polyodontidae \|Indeterminate \| \| \| \|A paddlefish. Known remains exceeded size of Chinese paddlefish, total length would exceed {{convert\|2\|m\|ft}}.{{Cite journal \|last=Grande \|first=Lance \|last2=Bemis \|first2=William E. \|date=1991 \|title=Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Fossil and Recent Paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) with Comments on the Interrelationships of Acipenseriformes \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3889328 \|journal=Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology) \|volume=1 \|pages=ii–121 \|doi=10.2307/3889328 \|issn=1062-161X\|url-access=subscription }}

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Bony fishes of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Belonostomus

|Belonostomus longirostris

|An aspidorhynchiform.

| rowspan="20" |

Cyclurus

|C. fragosus

|A bowfin.{{Cite journal |last=Grande |first=Lance |last2=Bemis |first2=William E. |date=1998-04-10 |title=A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Study of Amiid Fishes (Amiidae) Based on Comparative Skeletal Anatomy. an Empirical Search for Interconnected Patterns of Natural History |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=18 |issue=sup1 |pages=1–696 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}

Lepisosteus

|L. occidentalis

|Scales{{Cite journal |last=Leidy |first=J. |date=1856-12-31 |title=Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. FV Hayden in the Bad Lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1038128 |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=8 |pages=72–73 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1038128}}

|A gar.

?Paralbula

|?P. sp.

|A bonefish.

Priscosturion

|P. longipinnis

|McClelland Ferry{{Cite journal |last1=Grande |first1=Lance |last2=Hilton |first2=Eric J. |date=July 2006 |title=An Exquisitely Preserved Skeleton Representing a Primitive Sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae: N. Gen. and Sp.) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/an-exquisitely-preserved-skeleton-representing-a-primitive-sturgeon-from-the-upper-cretaceous-judith-river-formation-of-montana-acipenseriformes-acipenseridae-n-gen-and-sp/5F587FC3FB17BBD18E359753BF583E15 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=80 |issue=S65 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1666/05032.1 |s2cid=131689748 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}

|Upper Campanian

|A sturgeon.

style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Psammorhynchus

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |P. longipinnis

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |McClelland Ferry

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Upper Campanian

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Preoccupied name, renamed Priscosturion.{{Cite journal |last1=Grande |first1=Lance |last2=Hilton |first2=Eric J. |date=March 2009 |title=A replacement name for †Psammorhynchus Grande & Hilton, 2006 (Actinopterygii, Acipenseriformes, Acipenseridae) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/replacement-name-for-psammorhynchus-grande-hilton-2006-actinopterygii-acipenseriformes-acipenseridae/B426CF08231011559A03771797277003 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=317–318 |doi=10.1666/08-137.1 |s2cid=85233540 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}

Polyodontidae

|Indeterminate

|A paddlefish. Known remains exceeded size of Chinese paddlefish, total length would exceed {{convert|2|m|ft}}.{{Cite journal |last=Grande |first=Lance |last2=Bemis |first2=William E. |date=1991 |title=Osteology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Fossil and Recent Paddlefishes (Polyodontidae) with Comments on the Interrelationships of Acipenseriformes |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3889328 |journal=Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology) |volume=1 |pages=ii–121 |doi=10.2307/3889328 |issn=1062-161X|url-access=subscription }}

==Cartilaginous fish==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Cartilaginous fishes of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Myledaphus \| M. bipartitus \| \| \| \| A stingray. \| rowspan="22" \|
Cretalamna \|C. sp \|Montana \| \| \|An Otodontid shark
Carcharias \|Carcharias sp \| \| \| \|A sand tiger shark
Squalicorax \|S.kaupi \| \| \| \|An Anacoracid shark

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Cartilaginous fishes of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Myledaphus

M. bipartitus

A stingray.

| rowspan="22" |

Cretalamna

|C. sp

|Montana

|An Otodontid shark

Carcharias

|Carcharias sp

|A sand tiger shark

Squalicorax

|S.kaupi

|An Anacoracid shark

=Plesiosaurs=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Plesiosaurs of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Plesiosauria{{cite web \|title=Cow Creek (Cretaceous to of the United States) \|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=69153 \|website=PBDB.org}} \| Plesiosauria indet. \| \| \| \| \| rowspan="20" \|

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Plesiosaurs of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Plesiosauria{{cite web |title=Cow Creek (Cretaceous to of the United States) |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=69153 |website=PBDB.org}}

Plesiosauria indet.

| rowspan="20" |

=Pterosaurs=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Pterosaurs of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Azhdarchid{{cite web \|title=Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ) (Cretaceous to of the United States) \|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=14462 \|website=PBDB.org}} \| Azhdarchidae indet. \| \| \| \| \| rowspan="20" \|

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Pterosaurs of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Azhdarchid{{cite web |title=Hidden Valley Quarry (HVQ) (Cretaceous to of the United States) |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=14462 |website=PBDB.org}}

Azhdarchidae indet.

| rowspan="20" |

=Choristoderes=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Choristoderes of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Champsosaurus \| C. sp. \| \| \| \| \| rowspan="20" \| File:Champsosaurus BW.jpg]]

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Choristoderes of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Champsosaurus

C. sp.

| rowspan="20" |

File:Champsosaurus BW.jpg]]

=Crocodilians=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Crocodilians of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Brachychampsa \| B. montana \| \| \| \| An alligatorid. \| rowspan="21" \| File:Brachychampsa NT small.jpg]] File:Deinosuchus hatcheri.png]]
Leidyosuchus \| L. canadensis \| \| \| \| An alligatoroid.
Deinosuchus \|D. hatcheri{{Cite book\|title=King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus\|last=Schwimmer\|first=David\|publisher=Indiana University Press\|year=2002\|location=Bloomington, IN\|pages=200}} \| \| \|Two giant dorsal vertebrae and a number of osteoderms. \|An enormous alligatoroid.

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Crocodilians of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Brachychampsa

B. montana

| An alligatorid.

| rowspan="21" |

File:Brachychampsa NT small.jpg]]

File:Deinosuchus hatcheri.png]]

Leidyosuchus

L. canadensis

| An alligatoroid.

Deinosuchus

|D. hatcheri{{Cite book|title=King of the Crocodylians: The Paleobiology of Deinosuchus|last=Schwimmer|first=David|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2002|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=200}}

|Two giant dorsal vertebrae and a number of osteoderms.

|An enormous alligatoroid.

=Lizards=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Lizards of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Chamops \| C. segnis \| \| \| \| A whiptail. \| rowspan="20" \|
Exostinus \| E. lancensis \| \| \| \| A knob-scaled lizard.
Leptochamops \| L. denticulatus \| \| \| \| A whiptail.
Paraderma \| P. bogerti \| \| \| \| A parasaniwid.
Parasaniwa \| P. wyomingensis \| \| \| \| A parasaniwid.

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Lizards of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Chamops

C. segnis

| A whiptail.

| rowspan="20" |

Exostinus

E. lancensis

A knob-scaled lizard.

Leptochamops

L. denticulatus

A whiptail.

Paraderma

P. bogerti

A parasaniwid.

Parasaniwa

P. wyomingensis

A parasaniwid.

=Ornithischians=

== Ankylosaurs ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Ankylosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Member ! Material ! Notes ! Images
Edmontonia \|E. longiceps \| \| \|Isolated teeth{{Cite journal \|last=Sahni \|first=Ashok \|date=1972 \|title=The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana \|journal=Bulletin of the AMNH \|volume=147 \|issue=6 \|hdl=2246/1099 \|url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1099 \|language=en-US}} \| A nodosaurid. \| rowspan = 103\| File:Edmontonia dinosaur.png]] File:Zuul.jpg]]
Zuul \|Z. crurivastator \| \|middle Coal Ridge \|Cranial and postcranial skeletal remains and soft tissue, type specimen \|An ankylosaurid.

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Ankylosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Edmontonia

|E. longiceps

|Isolated teeth{{Cite journal |last=Sahni |first=Ashok |date=1972 |title=The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana |journal=Bulletin of the AMNH |volume=147 |issue=6 |hdl=2246/1099 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1099 |language=en-US}}

| A nodosaurid.

| rowspan = 103| File:Edmontonia dinosaur.png]]

File:Zuul.jpg]]

Zuul

|Z. crurivastator

|middle Coal Ridge

|Cranial and postcranial skeletal remains and soft tissue, type specimen

|An ankylosaurid.

== Hadrosaurs ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Hadrosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Member ! Material ! Notes ! Images
Brachylophosaurus \| B. canadensis \| \|middle McClelland Ferry \| \| A hadrosaurid which was one of the more common dinosaurs in the area.{{cite book \|last1=Trexler \|first1=David \|last2=Murphy \|first2=Nate \|last3=Thompson \|first3=Mark \|editor1-last=Carpenter \|editor1-first=Kenneth \|title=Horns and Beaks \|date=June 2007 \|publisher=Indiana University Press \|location=Bloomington, IN \|pages=117–133 \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325718855 \|chapter="Leonardo," a Mummified Brachylophosaurus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Judith River Formation of Montana}} \| rowspan="103" \| File:Brachylophosaurus NT.png]] File:Probrachylophosaurus restoration.jpg]]
Corythosaurus \|C. sp.{{Cite journal \|last1=Takasaki \|first1=Ryuji \|last2=Chiba \|first2=Kentaro \|last3=Fiorillo \|first3=Anthony R. \|last4=Brink \|first4=Kirstin S. \|last5=Evans \|first5=David C. \|last6=Fanti \|first6=Federico \|last7=Saneyoshi \|first7=Mototaka \|last8=Maltese \|first8=Anthony \|last9=Ishigaki \|first9=Shinobu \|date=2022-10-23 \|title=Description of the first definitive Corythosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) specimens from the Judith River Formation in Montana, USA and their paleobiogeographical significance \|journal=The Anatomical Record \|volume=306 \|issue=7 \|pages=1918–1938 \|doi=10.1002/ar.25097 \|pmid=36273398 \|s2cid=253081338 \|issn=1932-8486}} \| \|middle Coal Ridge \|two partial skeletons \|A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid
rowspan="3" style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Diclonius \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. calamarius \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Teeth.""Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 442. \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. pentagonius \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Fragmentary dentary with teeth," type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious hadrosaurid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. perengulatus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Teeth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
style="background:#f3e9f3;"\| ~~Hadrosaurus~~ \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| H. paucidens \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| Reclassified as Lambeosaurus? paucidens
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| ?"Kritosaurus" \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| ?"K." breviceps \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious hadrosaurid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| ?Lambeosaurus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| ?L. paucidens \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Squamosal, maxilla." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium. An indeterminate lambeosaurine.{{Cite journal\|last1=Prieto-Márquez\|first1=Alberto\|last2=Weishampel\|first2=David B.\|last3=Horner\|first3=John R.\|date=2006\|title=The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus\|url=https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app51/app51-077.pdf\|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica\|volume=51\|issue=1\|pages=77–98}}
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Paleoscincus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| P. costatus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Tooth," type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious ankylosaur
Probrachylophosaurus \| P. bergei \| \|lower McClelland Ferry \| \| A brachylophosaurin hadrosaur
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Pteropelyx \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| P. grallipes \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Skeleton lacking skull.""Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 443. \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious hadrosaurid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Trachodon \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| T. mirabilis \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Isolated teeth, type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious hadrosaurid

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Hadrosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Brachylophosaurus

B. canadensis

|middle McClelland Ferry

A hadrosaurid which was one of the more common dinosaurs in the area.{{cite book |last1=Trexler |first1=David |last2=Murphy |first2=Nate |last3=Thompson |first3=Mark |editor1-last=Carpenter |editor1-first=Kenneth |title=Horns and Beaks |date=June 2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, IN |pages=117–133 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325718855 |chapter="Leonardo," a Mummified Brachylophosaurus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Judith River Formation of Montana}}

| rowspan="103" |

File:Brachylophosaurus NT.png]]

File:Probrachylophosaurus restoration.jpg]]

Corythosaurus

|C. sp.{{Cite journal |last1=Takasaki |first1=Ryuji |last2=Chiba |first2=Kentaro |last3=Fiorillo |first3=Anthony R. |last4=Brink |first4=Kirstin S. |last5=Evans |first5=David C. |last6=Fanti |first6=Federico |last7=Saneyoshi |first7=Mototaka |last8=Maltese |first8=Anthony |last9=Ishigaki |first9=Shinobu |date=2022-10-23 |title=Description of the first definitive Corythosaurus (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) specimens from the Judith River Formation in Montana, USA and their paleobiogeographical significance |journal=The Anatomical Record |volume=306 |issue=7 |pages=1918–1938 |doi=10.1002/ar.25097 |pmid=36273398 |s2cid=253081338 |issn=1932-8486}}

|middle Coal Ridge

|two partial skeletons

|A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid

rowspan="3" style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Diclonius

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. calamarius

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Teeth.""Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 442.

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. pentagonius

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Fragmentary dentary with teeth," type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious hadrosaurid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. perengulatus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Teeth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

style="background:#f3e9f3;"|

~~Hadrosaurus~~

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

H. paucidens

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Reclassified as Lambeosaurus? paucidens

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

?"Kritosaurus"

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

?"K." breviceps

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious hadrosaurid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

?Lambeosaurus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

?L. paucidens

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Squamosal, maxilla."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium. An indeterminate lambeosaurine.{{Cite journal|last1=Prieto-Márquez|first1=Alberto|last2=Weishampel|first2=David B.|last3=Horner|first3=John R.|date=2006|title=The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus|url=https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app51/app51-077.pdf|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|volume=51|issue=1|pages=77–98}}

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Paleoscincus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

P. costatus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Tooth," type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious ankylosaur

Probrachylophosaurus

P. bergei

|lower McClelland Ferry

A brachylophosaurin hadrosaur

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Pteropelyx

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

P. grallipes

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Skeleton lacking skull.""Table 20.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 443.

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious hadrosaurid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Trachodon

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

T. mirabilis

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Isolated teeth, type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious hadrosaurid

== Marginocephalians ==

=== Ceratopsians ===

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Ceratopsians reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Member ! Material ! Notes ! Images
style="background:#f3e9f3;"\| Albertaceratops \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| A. nesmoiRyan and Evans, 2005 \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| Reclassified as Medusaceratops lokii \|rowspan="103" \| File:Avaceratops dinosaur.png]] File:Judiceratops NT small.jpg]] File:Furcatoceratops UDL.png]] File:Lokiceratops rangiformis.png]] File:Medusaceratops NT.jpg]] File:Mercuriceratops NT small.jpg]] File:Spiclypeus NT small.jpg]]
Avaceratops \| A. lammersiRyan and Evans, 2005 \| \|lower McClelland Ferry \| "[Two] partial skulls, skeleton, juvenile,""Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 495. type specimen \| A ceratopsid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Ceratops \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| C. montanus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "occipital condyle, paired horn cores,""Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 496. type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious ceratopsid
rowspan="4" style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Dysganus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. bicarinatus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Isolated teeth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. encaustus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Single tooth and [five] tooth fragments." "Isolated teeth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. haydenianus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Isolated teeth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. peiganus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Tooth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Nomen dubium
Furcatoceratops \|F. elucidans \|Fergus County, Montana{{Cite journal \|last1=Ishikawa \|first1=Hiroki \|last2=Tsuihiji \|first2=Takanobu \|last3=Manabe \|first3=Makoto \|date=2023-07-20 \|title=Furcatoceratops elucidans, a new centrosaurine (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the upper Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana, USA. \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566712300188X \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=151 \|language=en \|pages=105660 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105660 \|s2cid=260046917 \|issn=0195-6671\|url-access=subscription }} \|Upper Coal Ridge \|Nearly complete subadult skeleton. \|A ceratopsid
Judiceratops{{Cite journal\|author=Nicholas R. Longrich \|year=2013 \|title=Judiceratops tigris, a New Horned Dinosaur from the Middle Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana \|journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History \|volume=54 \|issue=1 \|pages=51–65 \|doi=10.3374/014.054.0103 \|s2cid=129801786 }} \| J. tigris \| \|lower McClelland Ferry \| \| A ceratopsid
Lokiceratops \| L. rangiformis{{Cite journal \|last1=Loewen \|first1=Mark A. \|last2=Sertich \|first2=Joseph J. W. \|last3=Sampson \|first3=Scott \|author-link3=Scott D. Sampson \|last4=O’Connor \|first4=Jingmai K. \|author-link4=Jingmai O'Connor \|last5=Carpenter \|first5=Savhannah \|last6=Sisson \|first6=Brock \|last7=Øhlenschlæger \|first7=Anna \|last8=Farke \|first8=Andrew A. \|last9=Makovicky \|first9=Peter J. \|last10=Longrich \|first10=Nick \|last11=Evans \|first11=David C. \|author-link11=David C. Evans (paleontologist) \|date=2024-06-20 \|title=Lokiceratops rangiformis gen. et sp. nov. (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana reveals rapid regional radiations and extreme endemism within centrosaurine dinosaurs \|journal=PeerJ \|language=en \|volume=12 \|pages=e17224 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.17224 \|doi-access=free \|issn=2167-8359 \|pmc=11193970 }} \|Kennedy Coulee \|lower McClelland Ferry \|Disarticulated, associated skeleton including most of the skull and fragmentary postcrania \| A ceratopsid
Medusaceratops \| M. lokiiRyan, Michael J.; Russell, Anthony P., and Hartman, Scott. (2010). "A New Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid from the Judith River Formation, Montana", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium, Indiana University Press, 656 pp. {{ISBN\|0-253-35358-0}}. \| \|lower McClelland Ferry \| Bonebed \| A ceratopsid
Mercuriceratops \| M. geminiRyan, Michael J.; Evans, David C.; Currie, Phillip J.; Loewen, Mark A. (2014). "A New chasmosaurine from northern Laramidia expands frill disparity in ceratopsid dinosaurs". Naturwissenschaften. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1183-1 \| \|lower Coal Ridge \| "one apomorphic squamosal" \| A ceratopsid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Monoclonius \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| M. crassusRyan and Evans, 2005 \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\|lower Coal Ridge \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "[Five] skulls, [one] complete." Type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dubious ceratopsid
Spiclypeus \|S. shipporum \| \|McClelland Ferry{{Cite journal \|last=Fowler \|first=Denver Warwick \|date=2017-11-22 \|title=Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America \|journal=PLOS ONE \|volume=12 \|issue=11 \|pages=e0188426 \|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288426F \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188426 \|issn=1932-6203 \|pmc=5699823 \|pmid=29166406 \|doi-access=free}} \|Partial skull, vertebrae, ribs, humerus, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula. \|A ceratopsid

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Ceratopsians reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Material

! Notes

! Images

style="background:#f3e9f3;"|

Albertaceratops

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

A. nesmoiRyan and Evans, 2005

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Reclassified as Medusaceratops lokii

|rowspan="103" | File:Avaceratops dinosaur.png]]

File:Judiceratops NT small.jpg]]

File:Furcatoceratops UDL.png]]

File:Lokiceratops rangiformis.png]]

File:Medusaceratops NT.jpg]]

File:Mercuriceratops NT small.jpg]]

File:Spiclypeus NT small.jpg]]

Avaceratops

A. lammersiRyan and Evans, 2005

|lower McClelland Ferry

"[Two] partial skulls, skeleton, juvenile,""Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 495. type specimen

A ceratopsid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Ceratops

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

C. montanus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"occipital condyle, paired horn cores,""Table 23.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 496. type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious ceratopsid

rowspan="4" style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Dysganus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. bicarinatus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Isolated teeth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. encaustus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Single tooth and [five] tooth fragments." "Isolated teeth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. haydenianus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Isolated teeth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. peiganus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Tooth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Nomen dubium

Furcatoceratops

|F. elucidans

|Fergus County, Montana{{Cite journal |last1=Ishikawa |first1=Hiroki |last2=Tsuihiji |first2=Takanobu |last3=Manabe |first3=Makoto |date=2023-07-20 |title=Furcatoceratops elucidans, a new centrosaurine (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) from the upper Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana, USA. |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566712300188X |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=151 |language=en |pages=105660 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105660 |s2cid=260046917 |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription }}

|Upper Coal Ridge

|Nearly complete subadult skeleton.

|A ceratopsid

Judiceratops{{Cite journal|author=Nicholas R. Longrich |year=2013 |title=Judiceratops tigris, a New Horned Dinosaur from the Middle Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=51–65 |doi=10.3374/014.054.0103 |s2cid=129801786 }}

J. tigris

|lower McClelland Ferry

A ceratopsid

Lokiceratops

L. rangiformis{{Cite journal |last1=Loewen |first1=Mark A. |last2=Sertich |first2=Joseph J. W. |last3=Sampson |first3=Scott |author-link3=Scott D. Sampson |last4=O’Connor |first4=Jingmai K. |author-link4=Jingmai O'Connor |last5=Carpenter |first5=Savhannah |last6=Sisson |first6=Brock |last7=Øhlenschlæger |first7=Anna |last8=Farke |first8=Andrew A. |last9=Makovicky |first9=Peter J. |last10=Longrich |first10=Nick |last11=Evans |first11=David C. |author-link11=David C. Evans (paleontologist) |date=2024-06-20 |title=Lokiceratops rangiformis gen. et sp. nov. (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana reveals rapid regional radiations and extreme endemism within centrosaurine dinosaurs |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=12 |pages=e17224 |doi=10.7717/peerj.17224 |doi-access=free |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=11193970 }}

|Kennedy Coulee

|lower McClelland Ferry

|Disarticulated, associated skeleton including most of the skull and fragmentary postcrania

A ceratopsid

Medusaceratops

M. lokiiRyan, Michael J.; Russell, Anthony P., and Hartman, Scott. (2010). "A New Chasmosaurine Ceratopsid from the Judith River Formation, Montana", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium, Indiana University Press, 656 pp. {{ISBN|0-253-35358-0}}.

|lower McClelland Ferry

Bonebed

A ceratopsid

Mercuriceratops

M. geminiRyan, Michael J.; Evans, David C.; Currie, Phillip J.; Loewen, Mark A. (2014). "A New chasmosaurine from northern Laramidia expands frill disparity in ceratopsid dinosaurs". Naturwissenschaften. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1183-1

|lower Coal Ridge

"one apomorphic squamosal"

A ceratopsid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Monoclonius

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

M. crassusRyan and Evans, 2005

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|lower Coal Ridge

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"[Five] skulls, [one] complete." Type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dubious ceratopsid

Spiclypeus

|S. shipporum

|McClelland Ferry{{Cite journal |last=Fowler |first=Denver Warwick |date=2017-11-22 |title=Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=e0188426 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288426F |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188426 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5699823 |pmid=29166406 |doi-access=free}}

|Partial skull, vertebrae, ribs, humerus, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula.

|A ceratopsid

=== Pachycephalosaurs ===

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Pachycephalosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Member ! Material ! Notes ! Images
Colepiocephale \|C. lambei{{Cite journal \|last=Schott \|first=Ryan K. \|last2=Evans \|first2=David C. \|last3=Williamson \|first3=Thomas E. \|last4=Carr \|first4=Thomas D. \|last5=Goodwin \|first5=Mark B. \|date=2009-09-12 \|title=The anatomy and systematics of Colepiocephale lambei (Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauridae) \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=29 \|issue=3 \|pages=771–786 \|doi=10.1671/039.029.0329 \|issn=0272-4634}} \|Kennedy Coulee \|lower McClelland Ferry \|"nearly complete frontoparietal dome" \|A pachycephalosaurid closely related to Stegoceras. \|File:Colepiocephale updating version.JPG]]
Hanssuesia \|H. sternbergi \| \| \| \|A pachycephalosaurid. Also present in the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations. Possible synonym of Stegoceras. \| rowspan = 100\| File:Hanssuesia sternbergi.jpg]]

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Pachycephalosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Member

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Colepiocephale

|C. lambei{{Cite journal |last=Schott |first=Ryan K. |last2=Evans |first2=David C. |last3=Williamson |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Carr |first4=Thomas D. |last5=Goodwin |first5=Mark B. |date=2009-09-12 |title=The anatomy and systematics of Colepiocephale lambei (Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauridae) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=771–786 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0329 |issn=0272-4634}}

|Kennedy Coulee

|lower McClelland Ferry

|"nearly complete frontoparietal dome"

|A pachycephalosaurid closely related to Stegoceras.

|File:Colepiocephale updating version.JPG]]

Hanssuesia

|H. sternbergi

|A pachycephalosaurid. Also present in the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations. Possible synonym of Stegoceras.

| rowspan = 100| File:Hanssuesia sternbergi.jpg]]

=Theropods=

== Dromaeosaurs ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Dromeosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Material ! Notes ! Images
rowspan=3\| Dromaeosaurus \| D. albertensis \|Ox Hill Quarry, Careless Creek Quarry, Hidden Valley Quarry & Blackbird Ridge Quarry.{{Cite journal \|last1=Fiorillo \|first1=Anthony R. \|last2=Currie \|first2=Philip J. \|date=1994-03-31 \|title=Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40662369 \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=14 \|issue=1 \|pages=74–80 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.1994.10011539 \|issn=0272-4634}} \|lower McClelland Ferry \| Teeth \| A dromaeosaurid, also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation \| rowspan = "100"\|File:Dromaeosaurus Restoration.png]] File:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpg]]
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. explanatus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Tooth.""Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 186. \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Possible relative of Saurornitholestes
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. laevifrons \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Tooth." \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Possible relative of Saurornitholestes
Saurornitholestes \|S. langstoni \|Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries. \|Lower McClelland Ferry \|Numerous teeth \|A dromaeosaurid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| ZapsalisLarson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "Multivariate Analyses of Small Theropod Dinosaur Teeth and Implications for Paleoecological Turnover through Time". In Evans, Alistair Robert. PLoS ONE 8: e54329. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054329. edit \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Z. abradens \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Teeth," type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A dromaeosaurid

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Dromeosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

rowspan=3|

Dromaeosaurus

D. albertensis

|Ox Hill Quarry, Careless Creek Quarry, Hidden Valley Quarry & Blackbird Ridge Quarry.{{Cite journal |last1=Fiorillo |first1=Anthony R. |last2=Currie |first2=Philip J. |date=1994-03-31 |title=Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of south-central Montana |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40662369 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=74–80 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1994.10011539 |issn=0272-4634}}

|lower McClelland Ferry

Teeth

A dromaeosaurid, also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation

| rowspan = "100"|File:Dromaeosaurus Restoration.png]]

File:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpg]]

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. explanatus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Tooth.""Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 186.

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Possible relative of Saurornitholestes

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. laevifrons

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Tooth."

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Possible relative of Saurornitholestes

Saurornitholestes

|S. langstoni

|Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries.

|Lower McClelland Ferry

|Numerous teeth

|A dromaeosaurid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

ZapsalisLarson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "Multivariate Analyses of Small Theropod Dinosaur Teeth and Implications for Paleoecological Turnover through Time". In Evans, Alistair Robert. PLoS ONE 8: e54329. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054329. edit

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Z. abradens

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Teeth," type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A dromaeosaurid

== Troodonts ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Troodonts reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Material ! Notes ! Images
Theropod "A" \| \|Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley, Blackbird Ridge & Jensen Ranch quarries. \| \|28 teeth \|Teeth of a large theropod distinct from those of tyrannosaurids \| rowspan = 100\| File:Troodon formosus (feathers).JPG]]
style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| Troodon \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| T. formosus \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \|Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat & Hidden Valley quarries. \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| Teeth (type specimen), egg \| style="background:#E6E6E6;" \| A troodontid, possibly dubious.

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Troodonts reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Theropod "A"

|Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat, Hidden Valley, Blackbird Ridge & Jensen Ranch quarries.

|28 teeth

|Teeth of a large theropod distinct from those of tyrannosaurids

| rowspan = 100| File:Troodon formosus (feathers).JPG]]

style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

Troodon

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

T. formosus

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Antelope Head, Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Top Cat & Hidden Valley quarries.

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

Teeth (type specimen), egg

| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |

A troodontid, possibly dubious.

== Tyrannosaurs ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Tyrannosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Material ! Notes ! Images
rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Aublysodon \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A. lateralis \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Isolated teeth,""Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78."Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 114. type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus \| rowspan="106" \| File:Daspletosaurus wilsoni profile.png]] File:Gorgosaurus flipped.png]]
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A. mirandus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Teeth, type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Possible junior synonym of Deinodon horridus
rowspan="3" \|Daspletosaurus \|D. torosus \| \|Coal Ridge \|Maxilla{{Cite journal\|last=Carr\|first=Thomas D.\|date=2018\|title=Significant geographic range extension for the sympatric tyrannosaurids Albertosaurus libratus and Daspletosaurus torosus from the Judith River Formation (Late Campanian) of northern Montana\|url=https://vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/SVP-2018-program-book-V4-FINAL-with-covers-9-24-18.pdf\|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology\|volume=38\|issue=Supplement 1\|pages=102}} \|A large tyrannosaurid.
D. wilsoni{{Cite journal \|last1=Warshaw \|first1=Elías A.\|last2=Fowler \|first2=Denver W. \|year=2022 \|title=A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=10 \|at=e14461 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.14461 \|pmid=36452080 \|pmc=9703990 \|doi-access=free}} \|Jack’s B2 \|lower Coal Ridge{{Cite journal \|last=Warshaw \|first=Elías A. \|last2=Guevara \|first2=Daniela Barrera \|last3=Fowler \|first3=Denver W. \|date=November 2024 \|title=Anagenesis and the tyrant pedigree: A response to “Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)” \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=163 \|pages=105957 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105957 \|issn=0195-6671\|doi-access=free }} \|Partial skull, cervical, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, and a rib, chevron, and first metatarsal \|Originally considered to be a transitional species between D. torosus and D. horneri, though the validity of this claim has been questioned {{Cite journal \|last1=Scherer \|first1=Charlie Roger \|last2=Voiculescu-Holvad \|first2=Christian \|date=November 28, 2023 \|title=Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) \|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003087 \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|issue=In press \|pages=105780 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780 \|issn=0195-6671\|doi-access=free }}
D. sp. \| \|Coal Ridge \|Partial skeletonMaltese, Anthony E. "DIFFICULT EXCAVATION AND PREPARATION OF A LARGE DASPLETOSAURUS SPECIMEN." Methods in Preparation: 63. \|Not referrable to D. torosus
rowspan=5 style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Deinodon \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. falculus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Teeth \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Isolated tyrannosaur teeth classified in the dubious genus Deinodon
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. hazenianus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Teeth \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. horridus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Teeth," type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Isolated tyrannosaur teeth that formed the basis of the dubious genus Deinodon
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| D. incrassatus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Teeth \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus
style="background:#fbdddb;" \| D. lateralis \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| \|style="background:#fbdddb;" \| Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus
Gorgosaurus \|G. libratus \| \| \|Postorbital \|A large tyrannosaurid, also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation and possibly the Two Medicine Formation.
?Tyrannosaurus \|T. sp. \|Fergus County \| \|A Lacrimal \|found alongside a specimen of Deinosuchus,{{Cite journal \|last1=Urban \|first1=Michael A. \|last2=Lamanna \|first2=Matthew C. \|date=December 2006 \|title=Evidence of a Giant Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Campanian) of Montana \|url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2992/0097-4463%282006%2975%5B231%3AEOAGTD%5D2.0.CO%3B2 \|journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum \|language=en \|volume=75 \|issue=4 \|pages=231–235 \|doi=10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[231:EOAGTD]2.0.CO;2 \|issn=0097-4463\|url-access=subscription }} but may not be from the Judith River Formation{{Cite journal \|last=Dalman \|first=Sebastian G. \|last2=Lucas \|first2=Spencer G. \|last3=Malinzak \|first3=D. Edward \|date=2018 \|title=Tyrannosaurid teeth from the upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328676947 \|journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin \|volume=79 \|issue= \|pages=125–139}}

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Tyrannosaurs reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Aublysodon

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A. lateralis

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Isolated teeth,""Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78."Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 114. type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus

| rowspan="106" |

File:Daspletosaurus wilsoni profile.png]]

File:Gorgosaurus flipped.png]]

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A. mirandus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Teeth, type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Possible junior synonym of Deinodon horridus

rowspan="3" |Daspletosaurus

|D. torosus

|Coal Ridge

|Maxilla{{Cite journal|last=Carr|first=Thomas D.|date=2018|title=Significant geographic range extension for the sympatric tyrannosaurids Albertosaurus libratus and Daspletosaurus torosus from the Judith River Formation (Late Campanian) of northern Montana|url=https://vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/SVP-2018-program-book-V4-FINAL-with-covers-9-24-18.pdf|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=38|issue=Supplement 1|pages=102}}

|A large tyrannosaurid.

D. wilsoni{{Cite journal |last1=Warshaw |first1=Elías A.|last2=Fowler |first2=Denver W. |year=2022 |title=A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana |journal=PeerJ |volume=10 |at=e14461 |doi=10.7717/peerj.14461 |pmid=36452080 |pmc=9703990 |doi-access=free}}

|Jack’s B2

|lower Coal Ridge{{Cite journal |last=Warshaw |first=Elías A. |last2=Guevara |first2=Daniela Barrera |last3=Fowler |first3=Denver W. |date=November 2024 |title=Anagenesis and the tyrant pedigree: A response to “Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)” |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=163 |pages=105957 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105957 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free }}

|Partial skull, cervical, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, and a rib, chevron, and first metatarsal

|Originally considered to be a transitional species between D. torosus and D. horneri, though the validity of this claim has been questioned {{Cite journal |last1=Scherer |first1=Charlie Roger |last2=Voiculescu-Holvad |first2=Christian |date=November 28, 2023 |title=Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003087 |journal=Cretaceous Research |issue=In press |pages=105780 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free }}

D. sp.

|Coal Ridge

|Partial skeletonMaltese, Anthony E. "DIFFICULT EXCAVATION AND PREPARATION OF A LARGE DASPLETOSAURUS SPECIMEN." Methods in Preparation: 63.

|Not referrable to D. torosus

rowspan=5 style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Deinodon

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. falculus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Teeth

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Isolated tyrannosaur teeth classified in the dubious genus Deinodon

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. hazenianus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Teeth

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. horridus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Teeth," type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Isolated tyrannosaur teeth that formed the basis of the dubious genus Deinodon

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

D. incrassatus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Teeth

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus

style="background:#fbdddb;" |

D. lateralis

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Junior synonym of Deinodon horridus

Gorgosaurus

|G. libratus

|Postorbital

|A large tyrannosaurid, also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation and possibly the Two Medicine Formation.

?Tyrannosaurus

|T. sp.

|Fergus County

|A Lacrimal

|found alongside a specimen of Deinosuchus,{{Cite journal |last1=Urban |first1=Michael A. |last2=Lamanna |first2=Matthew C. |date=December 2006 |title=Evidence of a Giant Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Campanian) of Montana |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2992/0097-4463%282006%2975%5B231%3AEOAGTD%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |language=en |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=231–235 |doi=10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[231:EOAGTD]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0097-4463|url-access=subscription }} but may not be from the Judith River Formation{{Cite journal |last=Dalman |first=Sebastian G. |last2=Lucas |first2=Spencer G. |last3=Malinzak |first3=D. Edward |date=2018 |title=Tyrannosaurid teeth from the upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328676947 |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=79 |issue= |pages=125–139}}

== Other Theropods ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Theropods reported from the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Material ! Notes ! Images
Hesperornis \| H. altus \| \| \| Partial tibiotarsus \| One of the only known freshwater occurrences of a hesperornithid.Fox, R.C. (1974). "A middle Campanian, nonmarine occurrence of the Cretaceous toothed bird Hesperornis Marsh." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11: 1335-1338. \| rowspan = 100\| File:Hesperornis BW (white background).jpg]]
style="background:#f3e9f3;"\| Ornithomimus \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| O. tenuis \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| "Fragmentary metatarsal.""Table 6.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 139. \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| A possible troodontid or juvenile tyrannosaurid
style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Paronychodon \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| P. lacustris \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| Teeth, type specimen \|style="background:#E6E6E6;"\| An indeterminate maniraptoran, also found in the Dinosaur Park, Milk River, and Kirtland Formations
Richardoestesia \|R. gilmorei \|Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries. \| \|12 teeth \|A coelurosaur

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Theropods reported from the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Hesperornis

H. altus

Partial tibiotarsus

One of the only known freshwater occurrences of a hesperornithid.Fox, R.C. (1974). "A middle Campanian, nonmarine occurrence of the Cretaceous toothed bird Hesperornis Marsh." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 11: 1335-1338.

| rowspan = 100| File:Hesperornis BW (white background).jpg]]

style="background:#f3e9f3;"|

Ornithomimus

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

O. tenuis

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

"Fragmentary metatarsal.""Table 6.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 139.

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

A possible troodontid or juvenile tyrannosaurid

style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Paronychodon

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

P. lacustris

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

Teeth, type specimen

|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|

An indeterminate maniraptoran, also found in the Dinosaur Park, Milk River, and Kirtland Formations

Richardoestesia

|R. gilmorei

|Careless Creek, Emily's Ankle, Hidden Valley & Blackbird Ridge quarries.

|12 teeth

|A coelurosaur

=Turtles=

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="8" align="center" \|Turtles of the Judith River Formation
Genus ! Species ! Location ! Stratigraphic position ! Abundance ! Notes ! Images
Adocus \|A. sp. \| \| \| \|
Basilemys \| B. sp. \| \| \| \| A Mesoamerican river turtle. \| rowspan="19" \|

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

colspan="8" align="center" |Turtles of the Judith River Formation

Genus

! Species

! Location

! Stratigraphic position

! Abundance

! Notes

! Images

Adocus

|A. sp.

Basilemys

B. sp.

A Mesoamerican river turtle.

| rowspan="19" |

References

Category:Campanian Stage

Category:Cretaceous Montana

Category:Cretaceous geology of South Dakota

Category:Geologic formations of Alberta

Category:Mudstone formations

Category:Sandstone formations of the United States

Judith River Formation

Lithology

Relationship with other units

=Sub-divisions=

Fauna

=Amphibians=

=Fish=

==Bony fish==

==Cartilaginous fish==

=Plesiosaurs=

=Pterosaurs=

=Choristoderes=

=Crocodilians=

=Lizards=

=Ornithischians=

== Ankylosaurs ==

== Hadrosaurs ==

== Marginocephalians ==

=== Ceratopsians ===

=== Pachycephalosaurs ===

=Theropods=

== Dromaeosaurs ==

== Troodonts ==

== Tyrannosaurs ==

== Other Theropods ==

=Turtles=

See also

References