Judith Todd

{{about|the African activist|the British-American materials scientist|Judith A. Todd}}

{{Short description|Zimbabwean politician and political activist}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Judith Todd

| image = File:Judith_Todd_-_Cape_Town_Press_Club_-_25_May_2007.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Judith Todd in Cape Town, 2007.

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|03|18}}

| birth_place = Dadaya Mission, Rhodesia

| death_date =

| death_place =

| other_names =

| occupation = author
political atavist
journalist

| years_active = 1960 onward

| known_for = activism in Zimbabwe

| notable_works =

}}

Judith Todd (born 18 March 1943) is a Zimbabwean-New Zealander political activist. She is the second daughter of Sir Garfield Todd, the former prime minister of Southern Rhodesia (1908–2002),

Biography

Todd was born at Dadaya Mission in Rhodesia. She was educated at Queen Elizabeth Girls School.{{cite book|last1=Todd|first1=Judith|title=Through the Darkness: A Life in Zimbabwe|date=2007|publisher=Zebra Press|isbn=978-1-77022-002-7|page=88}} Her missionary father, Reginald Stephen Garfield Todd, served as Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia between 1953 and 1958. Her mother, Jean Grace Wilson Todd, designed and implemented the Southern Rhodesian African Educational System.

File:Judith Todd, from Women's News Service.jpg

Todd was a political activist from the early 1960s when she joined the Black Nationalist movement by becoming a member of the National Democratic Party (NDP) which was formed in 1960. She later joined the Zimbabwe African People's Union after the NDP was banned by the government. She opposed the minority government of Ian Smith and campaigned internationally against the minority white rule in Rhodesia. In October 1964, she was arrested by Rhodesian authorities and was convicted.{{sfn|Gates|Akyeampong|Niven|2012|p=36}} In January 1972, she was arrested again and sent to a jail in Marandellas. Her father was arrested at the same time and went to jail in Gatooma. During her imprisonment, she briefly went on hunger strike in protest against their detention, but relented after enduring several incidents of force-feeding.{{sfn|Todd|1965|p=}} Several weeks later, both were released and were subsequently expelled from the country, becoming persona non grata.

She relocated to London. In 1978 she was among the founding members of Zimbabwe Project Trust, a humanitarian organization connected to the Roman Catholic Church. It was founded to help Zimbabwean refugees. Her exile lasted until all detentions were lifted in February 1980 under the process leading to the independence of Zimbabwe. The trust relocated from London to Zimbabwe and Todd was appointed director, a position she held until 1987. The trust's focus shifted to humanitarian aid, especially relocation and training of liberation war ex-combatants.{{sfn|Todd|2005|p=}}[http://www.davidkrutpublishing.com/8478/judith-garfield-todd-biography Richard Saunders, Judith Garfield Todd Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721152952/http://www.davidkrutpublishing.com/8478/judith-garfield-todd-biography |date=21 July 2011 }} David Krut Publishing, South Africa, 19 August 2009.

In 1984, Todd was raped by a senior officer in Mugabe's military on his orders, after she criticised the genocide of Ndebele civilians, the traditional opponents of Mugabe's own tribe. She became a strong critic of the regime of Robert Mugabe.

After an unsuccessful candidature for a seat in parliament for the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) she worked as a journalist. She was a founding shareholder of the Daily News newspaper in 1999. The newspaper was banned in 2003. That same year, she was stripped of her Zimbabwean citizenship, when she was unable to comply with a court order to renounce her potential dual nationality because of her parents' birth in New Zealand.{{cite news |title=Landmark citizenship judgement |url=http://www.kubatana.net/html/archive/cit/020512clgb.asp?sector=CIT |access-date=27 October 2021 |work=ZW News |date=9 May 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030703083559/http://www.kubatana.net:80/html/archive/cit/020512clgb.asp?sector=CIT |archive-date=3 July 2003 |location=Harare, Zimbabwe }}{{cite news |last1=Shoko |first1=Farai |title=Battle to become Zimbabwean again |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-07-00-battle-to-become-zimbabwean-again |access-date=27 October 2021 |work=Mail & Guardian |date=7 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113131221/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-07-00-battle-to-become-zimbabwean-again |archive-date=13 January 2014 |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |url-status=live}}

As Todd had never had New Zealand nationality, she was unable to renounce it. The temporary passport she had been issued was not renewed and she became stateless for a decade, until the nationality law was changed in 2013 to allow Zimbabweans to be dual nationals.

She was married to Richard Acton from 1974 to 1984.

Publications

{{cite book|title=An Act of Treason: Rhodesia|date=1965|isbn=978-0-582-60969-3|last=Todd|first=Judith|display-authors=0|publisher=Longman}}
{{cite book|title=Rhodesia|date=1966|last=Todd|first=Judith|display-authors=0|publisher=MacGibbon & Kee}}
{{cite book|last=Todd|first=Judith |author-link=Judith Todd|title=The right to say no|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbAcAAAAMAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Sidgwick & Jackson|isbn=978-0-283-97916-3|display-authors=0}}
{{cite book|last=Todd|first=Judith Garfield |author-link=Judith Garfield Todd|title=Through the Darkness: A Life in Zimbabwe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwENL_ptZjYC&pg=PA49|year=2005|publisher=Zebra|isbn=978-1-77022-002-7|display-authors=0}}

Notes and references

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite web | title = Robert Mugabe critic 'raped' | last = Berger | first = Sebastien | work = Telegraph.co.uk | date = 9 July 2007 | access-date = 2017-11-06 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1556950/Robert-Mugabe-critic-raped.html }}

{{cite news | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725143905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article2510767.ece |archive-date = 2008-07-25|title = Mugabe was rotten from the start|newspaper=The Sunday Times|date= 23 September 2007|url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article2510767.ece}}

{{Cite web | title = Obituary: Sir Garfield Todd | last1 = Keatley | first1 = Patrick | last2 = Meldrum | first2 = Andrew | work = the Guardian | date = 14 October 2002 | access-date = 2017-11-06 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/oct/14/guardianobituaries.obituaries1 }}

}}

Sources

{{cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Henry Louis Jr.|last2=Akyeampong|first2=Emmanuel |last3=Niven|first3=Steven J. |title=Dictionary of African Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36|year=2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}