Julia Richman Education Complex

Julia Richman High School was founded in 1913 as an all-girls commercial high school at 60 West 13th Street in Greenwich Village.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1913/11/15/archives/hew-high-school-has-a-gala-day-supt-maxwell-at-debut-party-at.html|title=Hew High School Has a Gala Day; Supt. Maxwell at "Debut Party" at Institution Named After Julia Richman. Play by Girl Students Guests at Exercises See "A Vision of Progress" with 23 Players In Principal Roles.|date=1913-11-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} It was named after Julia Richman, the first woman district superintendent of schools in New York City.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/06/27/archives/school-folk-honor-miss-julia-richman-education-commissioners-pay-a.html |title=School Folk Honor Miss Julia Richman; Education Commissioners Pay a Tribute to the Dead District Superintendent |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 27, 1912 }}Seymour "Sy" Brody, "Julia Richman (1855–1912)," Jewish Virtual Library, undated, https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/richman.html The school expanded, eventually operating in seven buildings across New York City.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/02/11/archives/write-for-a-high-school-julia-richman-pupils-send-out-36000-letters.html|title=Write for a High School.; Julia Richman Pupils Send Out 36,000 Letters in Building Crusade.|date=1917-02-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} Construction started on the present building in 1922{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/08/24/archives/high-school-contract-let-julia-richman-building-to-cost-1864000.html|title=High School Contract Let; Julia Richman Building to Cost $1,864,000.|date=1922-08-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} and the new building was dedicated two years later.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1924/10/02/archives/hylan-lauds-smith-for-aiding-schools-says-governor-made-new.html|title=Hylan Lauds Smith for Aiding Schools; Says Governor Made New Building Possible Through Amending "Pay-as-You-Go" Laws.|date=1924-10-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} In the 1930s, the school had rigorous classes and a dress code.{{Cite book |last=Schenkar |first=Joan |url= |title=The Talented Miss Highsmith: The Secret Life and Serious Art of Patricia Highsmith |publisher=Picador |year=2011 |isbn=978-0312363819 |chapter=Chapter 9. Greek Games}}

JRHS changed to co-educational in 1967.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/30/archives/julia-richman-high-allgirl-since-l3-to-be-coed-in-67.html|title=Julia Richman High, All-Girl Since '13, To Be Coed in '67|date=1966-06-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

By 1990 the NYC Board of Education identified JRHS as having the worst statistics of student achievement in Manhattan. The local police precinct referred to the crime-infested school as “Julia Rikers,” known for its violence and vandalism. Metal detectors were installed and metal cages were used to isolate students with disciplinary problems.[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/28/education/28richman.html?pagewanted=print New York Times, Small Schools Show Concern Over Proposal to Swap Land, June 28, 2006], retrieved 2012-04-11 Only thirty-seven percent of its enrollees graduated.[http://www.jrec.org/petition2.pdf JREC petition webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11

The school closed to entering freshmen in 1993 who were given the opportunity to attend one of six new small schools located outside the school building. With money provided in part by the entities such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,[https://archive.today/20120707102445/http://cye.colorado.edu/cye_journal/review.pl?n=234 High Schools on a Human Scale: How Small Schools Can Transform American Education, online review in Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 17 No. 2 (2007)], retrieved 2011-04-11 the building was redesigned from a single school into a multi-age, multi-service learning community with six autonomous, public, Small Schools. The new schools that formed the new Julia Richman Education Complex were "hothoused" in temporary buildings elsewhere.[http://www.jrec.org/article_bigschools.html New York Times, Big Schools Reborn in Small World, Nov 28, 2003], retrieved 2012-04-11 The $30 million renovation in 1993–95 restored the exterior of the building, provided separate spaces for each of the small schools, yet maintained many of the traditional features of the building.[http://www.placematters.net/node/1269 Place Matters, Restored school building now successfully housing six small schools, February 2007], retrieved 2012-04-09[http://www.edutopia.org/phoenix-rising Edutopia Phoenix Rising: A New School Design Fosters New Attitudes Toward Learning, 2/8/2005], retrieved 2012-04-09 It opened its doors to four new schools in 1995. In 1996 the last class of the former JRHS, which had stayed in the building throughout the restructuring, graduated.[http://www.smallschoolsproject.org/index.asp?siteloc=smallschools§ion=zonese4 Small Schools Project], retrieved 2012-04-09

Prior to its closing, Julia Richman High School had developed a reputation for academic failure with a graduation rate of 35%.[http://www.designshare.com/index.php/archives/234 Design Share, December 2011], retrieved 2011-04-11 Within a decade the new smaller schools claimed a low staff turnover and an average high school graduation rate in excess of 85%, more than 5% greater than the city-wide graduation rate.[http://www.edutopia.org/phoenix-rising Edutopia, Phoenix Rising: A New School Design Fosters New Attitudes Toward Learning, 2/8/2005], retrieved 2012-04-09[http://www.jrec.org/article_bigschools.html New York Times, Big Schools Reborn in Small World, Nov 28, 2003], retrieved 2012-04-11 The school has been visited by educators and school designers from around the world to see what the then education director of the Gates Foundation has called the JREC "the best example in the United States of a multiplex of a group of very effective schools that share a common facility. And it’s a group of schools that are showing really outstanding results.”[http://www.archachieve.net/realworldexamples/JREC/11.html Tom Vander Ark, quoted by Architects of Achievement], retrieved 2011-04-11[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/21/nyregion/on-education-students-pass-but-schools-fail.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm New York Times, On Education; Students Pass, But Schools Fail?, January 28, 2004], retrieved 2011-04-11

In 2006, the nearby Hunter College of the City University of New York proposed to take over the complex and relocate the schools to a new facility on the college's Brookdale campus approximately 40 blocks south in the Kips Bay neighborhood.{{Cite news|last=Gootman|first=Elissa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/28/education/28richman.html|title=Small Schools Show Concern Over Proposal to Swap Land|date=2006-06-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} Public opposition was widespread and included Governor David Paterson,[https://archive.today/20130125183227/http://www.hunterword.com/articles/284 N The Word, June 19 Update – The Controversy ..., May 25, 2008], retrieved 2012-04-12 city council member Jessica Lappin, and State Senator Liz Krueger. Lappin and Kreuger said that "a preference by one CUNY school for expansion convenient to its existing campus is simply not a sufficient rationale" to "uproot six outstanding public schools."See Sen. Krueger and Assemblyman Kellner's letter to Chancellor Klein and Chancellor Goldstein at the [http://www.jrec.org/JREC_Kreuger.pdf Save JREC website] Hunter College sought to build a science tower on the site of the Julia Richman campus.{{Cite web|url=https://observer.com/2006/11/hunter-seeking-a-swap-kips-bay-for-new-tower/|title=Hunter Seeking a Swap: Kips Bay for New Tower|date=2006-11-20|website=Observer|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-23}} In 2008, Manhattan Community Board 8, which represents the Upper East Side, voted for a resolution opposing the plan.{{Cite web|url=https://indypendent.org/2008/06/a-victory-for-public-education/|title=A Victory for Public Education|last=Trimarco|first=James|date=June 6, 2008|website=Indypendent|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-23}}

The six schools are autonomous, each with its own budget, teachers, schedules, curriculum, and separate spaces within the facility. Each maintains its own identity.[http://www.urbanacademy.org/diverse/juliarichman.html Urban Academy – The Julia Richman Education Complex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206053920/http://www.urbanacademy.org/diverse/juliarichman.html |date=2012-12-06 }}, retrieved 2012-09-10

{{main|Urban Academy Laboratory High School}}

Urban Academy is an inquiry-based, college oriented high school with a rigorous academic focus. The school serves approximately 169 students (as of 2012) in grades 9–12.[http://schools.nyc.gov/schoolportals/02/m565/default.htm NYC DOE school webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11 Many students also take college courses at Hunter College or at Eugene Lang College at New School University where they receive course credit.[http://www.urbanacademy.org/learn/learn.html Urban Academy – A Great Way To Learn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413131207/http://www.urbanacademy.org/learn/learn.html |date=2012-04-13 }}, retrieved 2012-04-09 Urban Academy is a member of the Coalition of Essential Schools and requires students to successfully complete six core proficiencies to graduate (Creative Arts, Criticism, Literature, Math, Science, and Social Studies).[http://www.smallschoolsproject.org/index.asp?siteloc=smallschools§ion=zonese5 Small Schools Project, eastern region], retrieved 2012-04-09 The school uses non-traditional approaches to education: teachers and students call one another by their first names, food and drink are brought into class, and teachers have opposed government-mandated testing claiming it is "a distraction from more creative pursuits".[http://www.jrec.org/article_bigschools.html New York Times, Big Schools Reborn in Small World, Nov 28, 2003], retrieved 2012-04-11

Vanguard is a college preparatory school grades 9-12 for students from all boroughs of New York City.[http://insideschools.org/high/browse/school/94 Inside Schools review], retrieved 2011-04-11 The school serves approximately 450 students and is divided into Upper (11-12)and Lower Schools (9-10).[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M449/default.htm NYC DOE Vanguard High School webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11 Curricula are planned using the Habits of Mind.[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M449/AboutUs/Overview/Our+Mission.htm School mission webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218213123/http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M449/AboutUs/Overview/Our+Mission.htm |date=2012-02-18 }}, retrieved 2012-04-11

The school's curriculum encourages empathy and respect for others through investigation of different viewpoints and making connections with their own lives. As a member of the New York State Performance Standards Consortium, in order to graduate Vanguard students demonstrate mastery in Literature, History, Math and Science by presenting original analysis, research, and mathematical models to faculty committees and must take one NY State Regents exam in English.

{{main|Talent Unlimited High School}}

Talent Unlimited is a small school for the performing arts. The school serves approximately 484 students (as of 2012) in grades 9–12.[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M519/default.htm NYC DOE Talent Unlimited High School webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11 It offers highly specialized courses in vocal and instrumental music, musical theatre, drama, and dance.[http://www.tuhsnyc.com/ Talent Unlimited webpage], retrieved 2012-04-09

P226M is school for children with autism. The school is a cluster school with in seven facilities, including the JREC, and (as of 2012) serves a total of approximately 300 middle school and high school inclusion students in grades 9–12.[http://schools.nyc.gov/documents/oaosi/cep/2010-11/cep_M226.pdf P226M Comprehensive Education Plan 2010–11], retrieved 2012-04-10[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M226/default.htm NYC DOE P226M school webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11

Ella Baker School is a pre-K through 8th grade school serving approximately 317 students (as of 2012).[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M225/default.htm NYC DOE Ella Baker school webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11 It is named after the African-American civil rights and human rights activist Ella Josephine Baker.[http://www.ellabakerschool.net/ Ella Baker School webpage], retrieved 2012-04-10 This school was founded 1996 by former teachers and administrators from Central Park East Elementary School.[http://www.ellabakerschool.net/ Ella Baker School webpage], retrieved 2012-04-10

Manhattan International is a high school for recent immigrants with a focus on students whose first language is not English.[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M459/AboutUs/Overview/Our+Mission.htm MIHS webpage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104100916/http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M459/AboutUs/Overview/Our+Mission.htm |date=2012-11-04 }}, retrieved 2012-04-10 It serves approximately 309 students (as of 2009) in grades 9–12.[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M459/default.htm NYC DOE MIH school webpage], retrieved 2012-04-11 The school is a member of the New York Performance Standards Consortium, which opposes high-stakes "one size does not fit all" tests.[http://mihs.nycdoe.org/site_res_view_folder.aspx?id=839f5c4b-2e01-4c05-b723-b47ad0d07ecf NY Performance Standards Consortium webpage], retrieved 2012-04-10[http://performanceassessment.org/ Performance Standards Consortium webpage], retrieved 20112-04-10

In addition to the six separate schools, the JREC includes facilities offering services to them all:

• LYFE, a toddler center serving children of teen parents
• the Mount Sinai Student Health Clinic
• the Inquiry Center for Teaching and Learning
• the Maxine Greene Center for the Arts

The schools also share an art gallery, auditorium, cafeteria, ceramics studio, culinary arts room, dance studio, gymnasiums, library, swimming pool, and a mini-theater. The complex is governed by the Building Council composed of directors and principals from each school and program within the building. The council, chaired by the Building Manager who is a principal from one of the six schools, meets regularly and determines policy for the entire complex within six fundamental goals: multiage communities, autonomous schools, dedicated school space, shared services, and common spaces and governance.[http://www.smallschoolsproject.org/index.asp?siteloc=smallschools§ion=zonese4 Small Schools Project, Small Schools in Action], retrieved 2011-04-11

Notable alumni of Julia Richman High School have included:

• Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, German-American physicist
• Lauren Bacall, film and stage actress and model
• Cathy Berberian, soprano and composer
• Big L, rapper
• Carmen Contreras-Bozak, first Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps
• Geraldine Brooks, actress
• Franklin Edwards, NBA player, 1982-83 NBA World Champion
• Jade Trini Goring, contemporary gospel music singer
• Patricia Highsmith, novelist and short story writer
• Judy Holliday, actress
• Sondra Lipton, model and painter
• Lisa Lisa (born Lisa Velez), musician
• Gene Anthony Ray, actor, dancer, and choreographer
• Philip Anthony Rodriguez, actor
• Sue Simmons, TV journalist and broadcaster
• Hessy Levinsons Taft, chemistry teacher; as a Jewish child, her photo was featured in Nazi Germany as the "Perfect Aryan Baby"{{Cite web|last=Wolf|first=Lauren K.|date=September 8, 2014|title=Hessy Taft|url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i36/Hessy-Taft.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=cen.acs.org}}
• Cynthia Toohey, Alaska state legislator
• Samuel E Vázquez, visual artist
• Fredi Washington, actress, civil rights activist, and writer

{{Reflist}}

• {{official website|http://www.jrec.org}}
• [http://www.urbanacademy.org/ Urban Academy]
• [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M449/default.htm Vanguard High School]
• [http://www.tuhsnyc.com/ Talent High School]
• [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/02/M226/default.htm P226M Junior High Annex]
• [http://www.ellabakerschool.net/ Ella Baker School]
• [http://mihs.nycdoe.org/ Manhattan International High School]
• [http://www.archachieve.net/realworldexamples/JREC/6.html Architects of Achievement – graphic model of the JREC]

{{Upper East Side|state=collapsed}}

{{Education in Manhattan}}

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