Justin B. Ries
{{short description|American marine scientist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Justin Baker Ries
| native_name =
| image = Ries headshot zoom June2023.jpg
| caption = Ries in 2023
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Baltimore, Maryland
| nationality = American
| fields = Ocean acidification, carbon sequestration, global warming, biomineralization, paleoceanography
| workplaces = Northeastern University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, California Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University
| alma_mater = Franklin and Marshall College Johns Hopkins University
| thesis_title = Experiments on the effect of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite and aragonite seas) on calcareous biomineralization
| thesis_url = http://nuweb2.neu.edu/rieslab/THESIS_Ries_2005_Experiments_on_the_effects_of_seawater_Mg_Ca_on_calcareous_biomineralization.pdf
| thesis_year = 2005
| known_for = Ocean acidification, biomineralization, and carbon sequestration research
| awards = Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Fellowship (Germany), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean and Climate Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, National Academy of Inventors
| website = {{URL|https://rieslab.sites.northeastern.edu/}}
}}
Justin Baker Ries is an American marine scientist, best known for his contributions to ocean acidification, carbon sequestration, and biomineralization research.
Biography
Ries was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and attended the Friends School of Baltimore. He received a B.A. from Franklin and Marshall College and a Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University for a dissertation 'Experiments on the effect of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite and aragonite seas) on calcareous biomineralization'. He received postdoctoral training at the Johns Hopkins University, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the California Institute of Technology. Ries was a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for five years before becoming a professor at Northeastern University in 2013. At Northeastern, he is affiliated with the Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, the Marine Science Center, and the Institute for Coastal Sustainability.
Major discoveries
Ries is best known for his contributions to ocean acidification and biomineralization research. He and his colleagues made the publicized and controversial discovery that anthropogenic CO2-induced ocean acidification does not negatively impact all species of marine calcifying organisms, but can also have neutral and even positive effects on some species.{{Cite journal|last1=Ries|first1=Justin B.|last2=Cohen|first2=Anne L.|last3=McCorkle|first3=Daniel C.|date=2009-12-01|title=Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidification|journal=Geology|language=en|volume=37|issue=12|pages=1131–1134|doi=10.1130/G30210A.1|issn=0091-7613|bibcode=2009Geo....37.1131R}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121378547&ps=cprs|title=Giant Lobsters From Rising Greenhouse Gases?|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=52990§ionid=1021|title=Ocean Acidification: A Risky Shell Game|website=Oceanus Magazine|language=en|access-date=2017-12-15}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/acidic-oceans-may-be-boon-some-marine-dwellers|title=Acidic Oceans May Be a Boon for Some Marine Dwellers|date=2009-12-01|work=Science {{!}} AAAS|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en}}{{Cite journal|last=Heffernan|first=Olive|date=2009-12-10|title=Consider the lobster|journal=Nature Reports Climate Change|volume=1|language=En|issue=1001|pages=2|doi=10.1038/climate.2010.130|doi-access=free}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091201182622.htm|title=In carbon dioxide-rich environment, some ocean dwellers increase shell production|work=ScienceDaily|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/acidic-chesapeake-bay-water-could-threaten-oysters|title=Acidic Chesapeake Bay Water could threaten oysters|date=2014-02-07|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en-US}}{{Cite journal|last=Kerr|first=Richard A.|date=2009|title=The Many Dangers of Greenhouse Acid|journal=Science|language=en|volume=323|issue=5913|pages=459|doi=10.1126/science.323.5913.459a|issn=0036-8075|pmid=19164726|s2cid=206584010}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/2013/04/07/a0c29f48-972f-11e2-b68f-dc5c4b47e519_story.html|title=Crabs, supersized by carbon pollution, may upset Chesapeake's balance|last=Fears|first=Darryl|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=2017-12-16}} Ries also discovered that ocean acidification can alter the shell mineralogy,{{Cite journal|date=2011-07-15|title=Skeletal mineralogy in a high-CO2 world|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|volume=403|issue=1–2|pages=54–64|doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2011.04.006|issn=0022-0981|last1=Ries|first1=Justin B.}} shell structure,{{Cite journal|last1=Horvath|first1=Kimmaree M.|last2=Castillo|first2=Karl D.|last3=Armstrong|first3=Pualani|last4=Westfield|first4=Isaac T.|last5=Courtney|first5=Travis|last6=Ries|first6=Justin B.|date=2016|title=Next-century ocean acidification and warming both reduce calcification rate, but only acidification alters skeletal morphology of reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=6|issue=1|pages=29613|doi=10.1038/srep29613|pmid=27470426|pmc=4965865|issn=2045-2322|bibcode=2016NatSR...629613H}} predator-prey dynamics,{{Cite journal|last1=Dodd|first1=Luke F.|last2=Grabowski|first2=Jonathan H.|last3=Piehler|first3=Michael F.|last4=Westfield|first4=Isaac|last5=Ries|first5=Justin B.|date=2015|title=Ocean acidification impairs crab foraging behaviour|journal=Proc. R. Soc. B|language=en|volume=282|issue=1810|pages=20150333|doi=10.1098/rspb.2015.0333|issn=0962-8452|pmid=26108629|pmc=4590471}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/acidic-chesapeake-bay-water-could-threaten-oysters|title=Acidic Chesapeake Bay Water could threaten oysters|date=2014-02-07|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/news/technology/article44241453.html|title=Changing waters complicate NC's coastal ecology|last=Brumbaugh|first=Jared|work=Raleigh News and Observer|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en}} and calcifying fluid pH of marine organisms, and produced the first geochemical model of the calcifying fluid that could predict organisms' responses to future ocean acidification.{{Cite journal|date=2011-07-15|title=A physicochemical framework for interpreting the biological calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification|journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta|volume=75|issue=14|pages=4053–4064|doi=10.1016/j.gca.2011.04.025|issn=0016-7037|last1=Ries|first1=Justin B.|bibcode=2011GeCoA..75.4053R}}{{Cite journal|last=Ries|first=Justin|date=2011|title=Biodiversity and ecosystems: Acid ocean cover up|journal=Nature Climate Change|language=En|volume=1|issue=6|pages=294–295|doi=10.1038/nclimate1204|issn=1758-6798|bibcode=2011NatCC...1..294R}} Ries and colleagues are also credited with discovering that the current rate of CO2-induced ocean acidification is the fastest in Earth history{{Cite journal |last1=Hönisch |first1=Bärbel |author-link=Bärbel Hönisch |last2=Ridgwell |first2=Andy |last3=Schmidt |first3=Daniela N. |last4=Thomas |first4=Ellen |last5=Gibbs |first5=Samantha J. |last6=Sluijs |first6=Appy |last7=Zeebe |first7=Richard |last8=Kump |first8=Lee |last9=Ries |first9=Justin B. |date=2012-03-02 |title=The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification |journal=Science |language=en |volume=335 |issue=6072 |pages=1058–1063 |bibcode=2012Sci...335.1058H |doi=10.1126/science.1208277 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=22383840 |hdl=1983/24fe327a-c509-4b6a-aa9a-a22616c42d49 |s2cid=6361097|url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/385704/Geological_Record.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}{{Cite magazine|url=https://science.time.com/2012/03/02/sea-changes-ocean-acidification-is-worse-than-its-been-for-300-million-years/|title=Sea Changes: Ocean Acidification Is Worse Than It's Been for 300 Million Years|last=Walsh|first=Bryan|magazine=Time|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X}}{{Cite news|url=https://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/pace-of-ocean-acidification-has-no-parallel-in-300-million-years-paper-finds/|title=Pace of Ocean Acidification Has No Parallel in 300 Million Years, Paper Says|last=Gillis|first=Justin|work=The New York Times|date=2 March 2012 |access-date=2017-12-16|language=en}} and that many species of marine calcifiers today inhabit seawater that is already undersaturated with respect to their shell mineral.{{Cite journal|last1=Lebrato|first1=M.|last2=Andersson|first2=A. J.|last3=Ries|first3=J. B.|last4=Aronson|first4=R. B.|last5=Lamare|first5=M. D.|last6=Koeve|first6=W.|last7=Oschlies|first7=A.|last8=Iglesias-Rodriguez|first8=M. D.|last9=Thatje|first9=S.|date=2016|title=Benthic marine calcifiers coexist with CaCO3-undersaturated seawater worldwide|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|language=en|volume=30|issue=7|pages=2015GB005260|doi=10.1002/2015GB005260|issn=1944-9224|bibcode=2016GBioC..30.1038L|doi-access=free|url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/513700/7/Lebrato_et_al-2016-Global_Biogeochemical_Cycles.pdf}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160914095443.htm|title=New insights into the impacts of ocean acidification|work=ScienceDaily|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en}}
Inventions
Ries holds carbon sequestration patents describing biologically and geologically inspired methods for removing and mineralizing CO2 from the flue-streams of fossil-fuel-fired power plants and transoceanic vessels, production of carbon-negative cement, and alleviating bottlenecks in the global carbon cycle.{{Cite journal|last=Constantz, B. R., Farsad, K., Camire, C., Patterson, J., Ginder-Vogel, M., Yaccato, K., Stagnaro, J., Devenney, M., Ries, J.B.|date=2012|title=Methods and compositions using calcium carbonate|url=http://nuweb2.neu.edu/rieslab/Ries_2012_USpatent_8137455_Methods_and_compositions_utilizing_calcium_carbonate.pdf|journal=US Patent No. 8,137,455|pages=103}}{{Cite web |title=White Paper - Sustainably Amplifying the Natural Carbon Cycle |url=https://www.runningtide.com/blog-post/white-paper-sustainably-amplifying-the-natural-carbon-cycle |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.runningtide.com |language=en}}
Honors
Honors include induction into the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi honor societies, receipt of the German {{ill|Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg|de}} Award{{Cite news|url=https://cos.northeastern.edu/news/msc-faculty-member-receives-prestigious-german-fellowship-2/|title=MSC faculty member receives prestigious German fellowship – Northeastern University College of Science|work=Northeastern University College of Science|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.leibniz-zmt.de/en/news-at-zmt/news/news-archive/new-set-up-at-the-maree-zmt-tests-effects-of-ocean-acidification-and-warming-on-corals.html?highlight=WyJyaWVzIiwicmllcyciXQ==|title=New set-up at the MAREE: ZMT tests effects of ocean acidification and warming on corals|last=contentuser|website=www.leibniz-zmt.de|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-16}} and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean and Climate Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. Ries was elected into the National Academy of Inventors in 2024.
References
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Category:Scientists from Baltimore
Category:American male writers
Category:21st-century American zoologists
Category:Franklin & Marshall College alumni
Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty