Kōshirō Onchi

Onchi came from an aristocratic family that had close connections with the imperial family. As a child, he received the same kind of education that a prince received.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} Onchi was trained in both traditional calligraphy and modern western art. After contacts with Takehisa Yumeji in 1909,Jinbo, "Onchi Kōshirō". between 1910 and 1915, he studied oil painting and sculpture at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts ({{nihongo2|東京美術学校}}, Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō). In 1912, he founded the print and poetry magazine called "Tsukubae".

Onchi was also a book designer in the early days when it was impossible for sōsaku-hanga artists to survive by just doing creative prints. He designed over 1000 books in his career.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} In 1928 he joined with seven other sōsaku hanga artists to work on the 100 Views of New Tokyo series, to which he contributed thirteen prints. He was described as having the most "forceful personality" of the group, with the "widest intellectual interests and the deepest intellectual convictions."{{cite journal|last=Austin|first=James B.|title=Shin Tokyo Hyakkei: The Eastern Capital Revisited by the Modern Print Artists|journal=Ukiyo-e Art a Journal of the Japan Ukiyo-e Society|issue=14|year=1966|url=http://www.myjapanesehanga.com/home/articles/shin-tokyo-hyakkei---one-hundred-views-of-new-tokyo}}

In 1939, he founded the First Thursday Society ({{nihongo2|一木会}}, Ichimokukai), which was crucial to the postwar revival of the sōsaku-hanga movement. The society held artist gatherings once a month in Onchi’s house. Members such as Gen Yamaguchi (1896–1976) and Sekino Jun'ichirō (1914–1988) discussed subjects of prints. The American connoisseurs Ernst Hacker, William Hartnett and Oliver Statler also attended. The First Thursday Collection ({{nihongo2|一木集}}, Ichimoku-shū), a collection of prints by members to circulate to each other, was produced in 1944. Through the First Thursday Society, Onchi provided aspiring young artists with resources and comradeship during the war years when resources were scarce and censorship severe. After the war, he emerged as the leader of the sōsaku-hanga movement that flourished in the international art scene.

Onchi's prints range from early representational to postwar abstract prints. As an early advocate of the sōsaku-hanga movement, Onchi believed that artistic creation originates from the self. He was more interested in expressing subjective emotions through abstract prints than in replicating images and forms in the objective world. His prints evoke lyrical and poetic mood. He said:

Art is not to be understood by the mind but by the heart. If we go back to its origin, painting is expressed in color and form by the heart, and it should never be limited to a world of reflected forms captured by visual sense. Therefore, expression of the heart through color and forms separated from color and form in the real world is that true realm of painting. I will for the time call this type of work the 'lyrique'.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

Onchi innovated by incorporating fabrics, string, paper blocks, fish fins, and leaves in his prints.

'Portrait of Hagiwara Sakutarô', woodblock print by Onchi Kôshirô, 1943, 1st edition, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo.jpg|Portrait of Sakutarō Hagiwara, woodblock print, 1943

Onchi Dummkopf.jpg|Fool, 1914

Onchi v d Spiegel.jpg|Before the Mirror, 1928

Onich Tokyo CS.jpg|Tokyo Station, between 1928 and 1932

Onchi Blüten.jpg|Cherry Blossom Time, 1946

'Lyric No. 23' by Onchi Koshiro, Honolulu Museum of Art.JPG|Lyric No. 23, 1952

From around 1932, Onchi worked on the design of a number of books about photography published by Genkōsha ({{nihongo2|玄光社}}) and Ars. He also became interested in photography. Through the 1930s and 1940s, Onchi worked in the spirit of shinkō shashin. He worked on plants, animals and objets, and also created photograms.Jinbo, "Onchi Kōshirō".

Onchi was sent to China in 1939 and later the same year returned to Tokyo and had an exhibition of his Chinese works.

Onchi exhibited his photograms in 1951 but otherwise dropped out of photography. He died in Tokyo on 3 June 1955.

Onchi's works are held in several museums worldwide, including the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo,{{Cite web|title=The Independent Administrative Institution National Museum of Art - Collections|url=https://search.artmuseums.go.jp/search_e/sakuhin_list.php?sakka=1129#|access-date=2021-02-19|website=search.artmuseums.go.jp}} the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, the University of Michigan Museum of Art,{{Cite web|title=Exchange: Family of the Mountain|url=https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/32748/view|access-date=2021-02-19|website=exchange.umma.umich.edu}} the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,{{Cite web|title=Diving|url=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/258579/diving;jsessionid=CBC79B24EEC9FFB0E0D8AAF45420BA4C|access-date=2021-02-19|website=collections.mfa.org|language=en}} the Smart Museum of Art,{{Cite web|title=Onchi Koshiro|url=https://smartcollection.uchicago.edu/people/10623/onchi-koshiro|access-date=2021-02-19|website=smartcollection.uchicago.edu|language=en}} the British Museum,{{Cite web|title=illustrated book; print {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1988-0315-0-309|access-date=2021-02-19|website=The British Museum|language=en}} the Museum of Modern Art,{{Cite web|title=Koshiro Onchi. Plate (folio 7, recto) from Umi no dowa. 1934 {{!}} MoMA|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/162636|access-date=2021-02-19|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en}} the Portland Art Museum,{{Cite web|title=Onchi Kōshirō|url=http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=8259;type=701|access-date=2021-02-19|website=portlandartmuseum.us}} the Saint Louis Art Museum,{{Cite web|title=Impression of a Violinist (Portrait of Suwa Nejiko)|url=https://www.slam.org/collection/objects/61082/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Saint Louis Art Museum|language=en-US}} the Brooklyn Museum,{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Museum|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/106559|access-date=2021-02-19|website=www.brooklynmuseum.org}} the Worcester Art Museum,{{Cite web|title=Fable of the Sea (Umi no dowa)|url=https://worcester.emuseum.com/objects/194/fable-of-the-sea-umi-no-dowa;jsessionid=08A2B123CAD6E04C337CC7161901CDD2|access-date=2021-02-19|website=worcester.emuseum.com|language=en}} the Harvard Art Museums,{{Cite web|last=Harvard|title=From the Harvard Art Museums' collections Portrait of the Artist Onchi Kōshirō|url=https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/202218|access-date=2021-02-19|website=harvardartmuseums.org|language=en}} and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.{{Cite web|title=A face, 1914 by Onchi Kōshirō|url=https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/83.2000/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au}}

{{reflist}}

• Jinbo Kyōko ({{nihongo2|神保京子}}). "Onchi Kōshirō". In Nihon shashinka jiten ({{nihongo2|日本写真家事典}}) / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers. Tokyo: Tankōsha, 2000. {{ISBN|4-473-01750-8}}. {{in lang|ja}}
• Swinton, Elizabeth de Sabato. The Graphic Art of Onchi Kôshirô: Innovation and Tradition. New York: Garland Press, 1986.

• [http://art.famsf.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=koshiro+onchi Onchi's works at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco]
• [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=145109 Biography at British Museum]

{{Ukiyo-e artists}}

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Category:Artists from Tokyo

Category:1891 births

Category:1955 deaths

Category:Sosaku hanga artists

Category:Olympic competitors in art competitions

Category:20th-century Japanese photographers

Category:20th-century Japanese printmakers