KSR2
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{For|the cruise missile|KSR-2}}
{{Infobox gene}}
KSR2 is a gene which encodes Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2 in humans. {{cite web | title = KSR2 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/283455 | work = Entrez Gene }}
The encoded protein plays a role in energy homeostasis, including fatty acid oxidation, glucose metabolism and basal metabolic rate (BMR). As a result, subsequent mutations in this gene, albeit rare, have been linked to the development of early on-set obesity and insulin resistance.
Variations within the gene and its expression are hypothesized to play a key role in the phenotype of individuals with metabolic disease, alongside leptin-deficiency induced hyperphagia. While the exact mechanism is unclear, it is believed that KSR2 variations result in a disruption of the MAPK/ERK pathway, which can in turn lower the body's BMR. Since this normally accounts for about 70% of the total energy expenditure, a decrease results in excess energy storage, compared to an individual with a normal BMR on an isocaloric diet.{{cite journal | vauthors = Pearce LR, Atanassova N, Banton MC, Bottomley B, van der Klaauw AA, Revelli JP, Hendricks A, Keogh JM, Henning E, Doree D, Jeter-Jones S, Garg S, Bochukova EG, Bounds R, Ashford S, Gayton E, Hindmarsh PC, Shield JP, Crowne E, Barford D, Wareham NJ, O'Rahilly S, Murphy MP, Powell DR, Barroso I, Farooqi IS | title = KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation | journal = Cell | volume = 155 | issue = 4 | pages = 765–777 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24209692 | pmc = 3898740 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.058 }}
Besides human metabolism, KSR2 is also crucial for ovarian development in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang Z, Tian Z, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang X | title = MAPK Signaling Pathway Is Essential for Female Reproductive Regulation in the Cabbage Beetle, Colaphellus bowringi | journal = Cells | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = 1602 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 35626638 | pmc = 9140119 | doi = 10.3390/cells11101602 | doi-access = free }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}}
{{Enzymes}}
{{Portal bar|Biology|border=no}}