Kaduna

The word Kaduna is said to be a corruption of the Hausa word for "crocodiles", Kaddunna in the Hausa language (kaduna being the plural form).{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|title=Kaduna {{!}} Location, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-07-28}} Another version of the etymology of the name proposes a link to the Gbagyi word/name 'Odna', meaning 'river'.{{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of the Gbagyi Language|last=Shekwo|first=Joseph Amali|publisher=Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services, Ahmadu Bello University|year=1979|location=Zaria|ol=2795890M|oclc=11043184|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2795890M/Fundamentals_of_the_Gbagyi_language}}

File:Kaduna Panorama Digital Photography 17.jpg

Kaduna was founded by British colonists in 1900.Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 217 The first British governor of Northern Nigeria, Sir Frederick Lugard, chose the present site for development due to its proximity to the Lagos-Kano Railway.{{Cite web|title=Kaduna|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-Nigeria|access-date=13 November 2016|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}} It became the capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region in 1917,{{cite book|last=Fletcher|first=Banister |author2=Dan Cruickshank |title=Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture |year=1996|chapter=Africa|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn= 0-7506-2267-9|page=1466}} and retained this status until 1967. The city is still influential as the headquarters of various political, military and cultural organizations, especially in Northern Nigeria.{{Cite web |last=opeinfobase |date=2022-11-01 |title=Economic Profile Of Kaduna State: Statistics And Key Challenges |url=https://infomediang.com/kaduna-state-economic-profile/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |language=en-US}}

In 1976, when the General Murtala Mohammed administration created seven new states in Nigeria, North Central State, with capital at Kaduna, was renamed Kaduna State. It was made up of the two colonial period Provinces of Zaria and Katsina. When in 1991, the number of states in the country was increased from twenty-one to thirty, Katsina Province became Katsina State, while the old Zaria Province became the new Kaduna State. There are twenty-three local government areas (LGAs) in the state, although the number of ethnic groups is much larger.{{Cite journal |last=U. |first=Aleazu |date=1986 |title=Nigeria: After 25 years |journal=Nigeria |volume=2}}

File:River Kaduna and Old Railway Bridge, Another View.jpg

Kaduna is a major industrial center in Northern Nigeria, manufacturing products like textiles, machinery, steel, aluminum, petroleum products and bearings.{{Cite web |title=Kaduna Town in Kaduna Nigeria Guide |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kaduna/History-of-Kaduna-in-Kaduna-State.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}} However, the textile industry has been in decline due to recent Chinese imports and factory closures caused by years of neglect across many administrations. Other light manufactures include: plastics, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, furniture, and televisions. Agriculture is also a major industry in Kaduna, and as such, the Bank of Agriculture has its headquarters in the city.{{Cite web|title=Nigeria's Bank of Agriculture - financing farmers|url=https://www.sukfin.com/knowledge/bank-of-agriculture/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=SukFin|language=en-US}} Some main agricultural exports include: cotton, peanuts, sorghum, and ginger.{{Cite book|last1=Lagassé|first1=Paul|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiaencyclop00laga|chapter=Kaduna|date=January 2000|title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia|publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780787650155|edition=6th|access-date=13 November 2016|url-access=registration}} Kaduna also has a branch of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Automobile manufacturing also remains an important part of Kaduna's economy.{{Cite web|title=Kaduna|url=https://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kaduna/|access-date=13 November 2016|website=The Forum for Cities in Transition|archive-date=14 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114084037/https://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kaduna/|url-status=dead}} Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria has an assembly plant in Kaduna.{{Cite web|title=Peugeot Nigeria {{!}} Motion & Emotion|url=https://www.peugeotnigeria.com/|access-date=2019-08-01|website=www.peugeotnigeria.com|language=en}} Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), one of Nigeria's four main oil refineries is located in Kaduna. It is supplied by a pipeline from the Niger Delta oil fields.{{Cite web|title=Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC)|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|access-date=2019-08-01|website=www.nnpcgroup.com|archive-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142425/https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/KRPC.aspx|url-status=dead}}

A 2009 World Bank survey states that Kaduna is one of the top six cities with the highest unemployment. 20% of the population was estimated to be unemployed.

There is a large racecourse named Murtala Mohammed Square, approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|order=flip}} in perimeter, inside which is found the Kaduna Polo Club. Kaduna Golf Club is also located within the Kaduna CBD. Other sports facilities include the Ahmadu Bello Stadium and Ranchers Bees Stadium. {{Cite web |title=Kaduna Polo Club Murtala Muhammed Square - Kaduna - WorldPlaces |url=https://nigeria.worldplaces.me/view-place/39131649-kaduna-polo-club-murtala-muhammed-square.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=nigeria.worldplaces.me |language=en}} The city boasts of several tourist attractions some of which are:

• Kaduna National Museum
• Jaji Military Cantonment
• Kajur Castle {{Cite web |title=10 Best Things to do in Kaduna |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g676697-Activities-Kaduna_Kaduna_State.html |access-date=July 3, 2024 |website=Trip Advisors}}

The infrastructure network in the city was upgraded by the administration of Governor Nasir el-Rufai with an underpass, flyover structures and streetlight facilities. Kaduna has an inland dry port.{{Cite web|title=Kaduna Inland Dry Port (KIDP)|url=http://kadunainlanddryport.net/|access-date=2019-07-28|website=Kaduna Inland Dry Port|language=en-US}} The Nigerian military has several formations and institutions in the city including the Nigerian Defence Academy,{{Cite web|date=2020-10-10|title=PHOTOS: Passing -out parade of Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/photos-passing-out-parade-of-nigerian-defence-academy-kaduna/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}and the Air Force Institute of Technology.

The city is served by Kaduna International Airport. The airport commenced operations in 1982.{{Cite web|date=2017-02-06|title=Kaduna Airport|url=https://www.faan.gov.ng/kaduna-airport/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604055003/https://www.faan.gov.ng/kaduna-airport/|url-status=dead}} The Nigerian Air Force maintains a presence in the city.{{Cite web |title=Airports - Farringdon Jets |url=https://farringdonjets.com/category/airports/page/2/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Nigerian Air Force conducts search, rescue exercise along Kaduna-Abuja highway |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/434602-nigerian-air-force-conducts-search-rescue-exercise-along-kaduna-abuja-highway.html?tztc=1 |publisher=Premiumtimes newspaper |access-date=3 January 2021}}

Kaduna is also on the route of the planned Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway, which has been completed between the national capital of Abuja and Kaduna. Trains for Abuja depart from the Rigasa Railway Station in Kaduna.{{cite news|last1=Muhammad|first1=Hamisu|date=23 July 2016|title=A memorable trip on the Abuja-Kaduna train|work=Daily Trust|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/general/a-memorable-trip-on-the-abuja-kaduna-train/156469.html}} Kaduna is an important junction on Nigeria's Cape gauge railway network. At Kaduna, a branch line connects the Lagos–Nguru Railway to the Port Harcourt–Maiduguri railway.{{cite web |title=Lagos-Kano train service to begin full operation August 13 |date=8 August 2021 |url=https://gazettengr.com/lagos-kano-train-service-to-begin-full-operation-august-13/ |publisher=Peoples Gazette |access-date=4 August 2024}}

Kaduna is popularly known as the centre of learning, as evident from the numerous educational institutions located in the state. Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna city include:

• Kaduna State University{{Cite news|title=Nigeria federal, state universities latest update on school resumption date|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-54078885|access-date=2021-06-28}}
• Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna
• Greenfield University Kaduna{{Cite web|date=2021-05-30|title=Kaduna govt confirms release of abducted Greenfield University students|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/kaduna-govt-confirms-release-of-abducted-greenfield-university-students/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}
• National Open University of Nigeria, Kaduna Study Center
• Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna{{Cite web|last=Makinwa|first=Ekaete|date=2021-02-16|title=List of federal universities in Nigeria and their school fees 2021/2022|url=https://www.legit.ng/1095689-list-federal-universities-nigeria-school-fees-20212022.html|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}
• National Teachers Institute (NTI), Kaduna{{Cite web|date=2017-04-27|title=Why we are extending registration for new intakes ―NTI boss|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/extending-registration-new-intakes-―nti-boss/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}
• School of Midwifery Kaduna{{Cite web|date=2020-03-06|title=Accreditation: Kaduna College of Nursing seeks govt. support|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/accreditation-kaduna-college-of-nursing-seeks-govt-support/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}
• Kaduna Polytechnic (1968), Kaduna{{Cite web|date=2018-10-05|title=FG Releases List Of Top 10 Nigerian Polytechnics|url=https://thewhistler.ng/fg-releases-list-of-top-10-nigerian-polytechnics/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Whistler Nigeria|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|date=2018-08-19|title=List of Federal Polytechnic in Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/nigerian-tertiary-institutions-list-of-federal-polytechnic-in-nigeria/0wxl8fb|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}
• National board for Islamic and Arabic studies{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=We are not responsible for staff salary ― National Arabic Board|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/we-are-not-responsible-for-staff-salary-―-national-arabic-board/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}
• Kaduna Business School{{Cite web|date=2018-05-24|title=NUC releases names of 58 illegal universities in Nigeria (FULL LIST)|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/269560-nuc-releases-names-of-58-illegal-universities-in-nigeria-full-list.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|date=2018-05-25|title=58 fake universities operating at the moment in Nigeria, says NUC|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/05/58-fake-universities-operating-moment-nigeria-says-nuc/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}
• Dialogue Institute Kaduna{{cite web | url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/company/590/dialogue-computer-institute-kaduna | title=Dialogue Computer Institute, Kaduna }}
• Institute of Ophthalmology, National Eye Centre, Kaduna.{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=National Eye Centre shutdown 80% services- The Nation Nigeria Newsa|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/national-eye-centre-shutdown-80-services/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}

Administration of the state started with the concept of Provincial Administration and Native/Local Authority systems. However, in 1976 the Mohammed Administration introduced the Local Government Area system (LGA) which delegated some responsibilities to the elected/appointed councillors. With each successive Federal Military Administration, the number of the LGAs in Kaduna State increased from fourteen in the early 1980s to the present twenty-three in 1998. In each LGA, smaller units such as districts and wards, are recognised.

Among the places of worship, there are churches and mosques.J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107 Sultan Bello Mosque is the biggest and a central mosque in Kaduna. There are also churches: Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), Presbyterian Church of Nigeria (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Nigerian Baptist Convention (Baptist World Alliance), Living Faith Church Worldwide, Redeemed Christian Church of God, Assemblies of God, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaduna (Catholic Church), Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries, Universal Reformed Christian Church (Protestant Church).{{cite web |title=Kaduna police arrest kidnappers' gang leader linked to Catholic church attack |date=23 March 2024 |url=https://punchng.com/kaduna-police-arrest-kidnappers-gang-leader-linked-to-catholic-church-attack/ |publisher=The punch newspaper |access-date=23 March 2024}}

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• Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the "underwear bomber" suspect of the terrorist arson attempt on Northwest flight 253 in December 2009, grew up here.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/africa/17abdulmutallab.html | work=The New York Times | first=Adam | last=Nossiter | title=Lonely Trek to Radicalism for Terror Suspect | date=2010-01-17}}{{Cite web|title="Underwear Bomber" Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Pleads Guilty|url=https://www.fbi.gov/detroit/press-releases/2011/underwear-bomber-umar-farouk-abdulmutallab-pleads-guilty|access-date=2021-06-28|website=FBI|language=en-us}}{{Cite news|last=Childress|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-11|title=Ghana Probes Visit by Bomb Suspect|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126261251907114813|access-date=2021-06-28|issn=0099-9660}}
• Nabil Abdulrashid, British-Nigerian comedian
• Efe Ambrose, footballer who played for the Nigeria national football team was born and raised here{{Cite web|date=2014-06-10|title=Brazil 2014: Profiling Nigeria's defenders {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/162503-brazil-2014-profiling-nigerias-defenders.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}
• Tijani Babangida, footballer who played winger with Ajax{{Cite web|date=2020-08-01|title=Tijani Babangida opens up on Zidane encounter in Champions League tie|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/tijani-babangida-opens-up-on-zidane-encounter-in-champions-league-tie/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Alao|first=Seyi|date=2020-09-25|title=NFF, CAF and Ajax celebrates Tijani Babangida at 47|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-caf-and-ajax-celebrates-tijani-babangida-at-47/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}
• Celestine Babayaro, footballer who played mainly in the Premier League{{Cite web|title=What's in the Kaduna water? New Roma starlets join long line of impressive talents out of northern Nigeria {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4079/features/2016/06/27/24973092/something-in-the-kaduna-water-new-roma-starlets-join-long|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.goal.com}}
• Sunday Bada, athlete
• Mamman Daura, elder statesman
• David Egbo, footballer
• Michael Eneramo, footballer
• Fiona Fullerton, British actress and former Bond girl
• Leke James, footballer{{Cite web|title=Leke James eager for Middle East experience after completing Al Qadsiah move {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/leke-james-eager-for-middle-east-experience-after-completing/1wdfn6s8tc7k81e7f91pmutje4|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.goal.com}}{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=What more does Leke James need to do to get Super Eagles call-up?|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/what-more-does-leke-james-need-to-do-to-get-super-eagles-call-up/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814114349/https://scorenigeria.com.ng/what-more-does-leke-james-need-to-do-to-get-super-eagles-call-up/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 14, 2020|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}
• Hassan Katsina, elder statesman.
• Zamani Lekwot, statesman{{Cite web|date=2020-08-18|title=SOUTHERN KADUNA KILLINGS: KDSG has questions to answer — Zamani Lekwot|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/southern-kaduna-killings-kdsg-has-questions-to-answer-zamani-lekwot/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Outsiders caused Southern Kaduna crises, Lekwot declares|url=https://guardian.ng/news/outsiders-caused-southern-kaduna-crises-lekwot-declares/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}
• Ahmed Makarfi, politician{{Cite web|date=2019-07-16|title=Senator Makarfi loses father|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/senator-makarfi-loses-father/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}
• Magaji Muhammed, politician and elder statesman.
• Umaru Mutallab, Nigerian business mogul
• Sam Oye (born 1974), pastor
• Dahiru Sadi, footballer{{Cite web|last=Ayeni|first=Olawale|date=2020-11-11|title=Kaduna Marathon Gets 6 Goodwill Ambassadors|url=https://leadership.ng/kaduna-marathon-gets-6-goodwill-ambassadors/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB}}
• Namadi Sambo, politician{{Cite web|date=2021-01-14|title=Ex-Kaduna Speaker Jumare dies - The Nation Newspaper|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ex-kaduna-speaker-jumare-dies/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}
• Shehu Sani, politician{{Cite web|date=2018-05-10|title=Senator reacts to Gov El-Rufai's outbursts, curses|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/shehu-sani-senator-reacts-to-gov-el-rufais-outbursts-curses/34p1yqg|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2018-05-04|title=El-Rufai: The three senators representing Kaduna are useless|url=https://www.thecable.ng/el-rufai-the-three-senators-representing-kaduna-are-useless|access-date=2021-06-28|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}
• Uba Sani, politician{{Cite web|date=2020-12-31|title=Uba Sani gives hope to Kaduna Central in 2021|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/uba-sani-gives-hope-to-kaduna-central-in-2021/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Simeh|first=Chamba|date=2020-11-08|title=Kaduna cheers as Uba Sani picks legislative excellence award|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/kaduna-cheers-as-uba-sani-picks-legislative-excellence-award/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}
• Shehu Musa Yaradua, politician and elder statesman
• Ibrahim Zakzaky, Islamic preacher
• Adam A. Zango, Kannywood actor, musician, singer and dancer.{{Cite web|date=2015-12-12|title=Angry youth stone, abuse Adam Zango at Kaduna Musical Festival {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/195035-angry-youth-stone-abuse-adam-zango-at-kaduna-musical-festival.html|access-date=2021-06-28|language=en-GB}}
• Talib Zanna (born 1990), basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League

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