Kalaniʻōpuʻu
{{short description|Hawaiian monarch (d. 1782)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kalani{{okina}}ōpu{{okina}}u-a-Kaiamamao
| title = Ali{{okina}}i Nui of Ka{{okina}}ū
Ali{{okina}}i Aimoku of Hawai{{okina}}i
| image = Kalaniʻōpuʻu ʻAhu ʻula and mahiole.jpg
| caption = The original ʻahu ʻula and mahiole of Kalaniʻōpuʻu that was given to Captain James Cook as a gift in 1779 and now on display at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu Hawaii
| house = House of Keawe
| father = Kalaninuiamamao
| mother = Kamakaimoku
| spouse =Kalola Pupuka-o-Honokawailani
Kalaiwahineuli
Kamakolunuiokalani
Mulehu
Kānekapōlei
Kekupuohi{{cite news|title=MAKE|newspaper=Ke Kumu Hawaii|location=Honolulu|date=March 16, 1836|volume=2|number=6|page=21|url=http://nupepa.org/gsdl2.5/cgi-bin/nupepa?e=d-0nupepa--00-0-0--010---4-----text---0-1l--1en-Zz-1---20-about---0003-1-0000utfZz-8-00&a=d&cl=CL2.3&d=HASH61498117131245e2bc4420.4}}
| issue =Kīwalaʻō
Kalaipaihala
Pualinui
Keōua Kuahu{{okina}}ula
Keōua Pe{{okina}}eale
Kaoiwikapuokalani
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1729
| birth_place =
| death_date = April 1782 (aged 52–53)
| death_place = Kāʻilikiʻi, WaioʻahukiniKa{{okina}}ū
}}
Kalani{{okina}}ōpu{{okina}}u-a-Kaiamamao (c. 1729 – April 1782) was the aliʻi nui (supreme monarch) of the island of Hawaiʻi. He was called Terreeoboo, King of Owhyhee by James Cook and other Europeans. His name has also been written as Kaleiopuu.{{Refn|Cook's Journal, March 1779: "Terreeoboo, the present king of Owhyhee, had a son named Teewarro, by Rora-rora.."{{sfnp|Cook|1842|p=428}} Webber's engraving (Journals, pub. 1784. Pl. 61) is captioned using the "Tereoboo" spelling, as shown Webber's engraving, below.}}
Biography
Kalaniʻōpuʻu was the son of Kalaninuiamamao and his wife Kamakaʻīmoku, a high ranking aliʻi wahine (female of hereditary nobility). She had another son, Keōua, with another husband named Kalanikeʻeaumoku. This made her the grandmother of Kamehameha I. During his reign, Alapainui had kept the two young princes, Kalaniʻōpuʻu and Keōua, close to him out of either kindness or for political reasons.{{cite book|author=Abraham Fornander |title=An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I.|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tcQNAAAAQAAJ|year=1880|publisher=Trubner & Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tcQNAAAAQAAJ/page/n149 135]}}{{cite book|author=Hawaiian Historical Society|title=Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jlVFAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA7|year=1904|publisher=The Society|page=7}}
File:Tereoboo,_King_of_Owyhee,_bringing_presents_to_Captain_Cook_by_John_Webber.jpg (pub. 1784)}}}}]]
Kalani{{okina}}ōpu{{okina}}u-a-Kaiamamao was the king of the island when Captain James Cook came to Hawaiʻi, and the king went aboard Cook's ship on November 26, 1778.{{cite book | author=William De Witt Alexander |year=1891 |title=A brief history of the Hawaiian people |publisher=American Book Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Fds3JhdHlnsC |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Fds3JhdHlnsC/page/n111 104]–116}} After Cook anchored at Kealakekua Bay in January 1779, Kalani{{okina}}ōpu{{okina}}u-a-Kaiamamao paid a ceremonial visit on January 26, 1779, and exchanged gifts including a ʻahuʻula (feathered cloak){{Refn|Cook's Journal, January 1779: "..the king rose up, and.. threw over the Captain's shoulders the cloak he himself wore.."{{sfnp|Cook|1842|p=376}}}}{{sfnp|Jarves|1843|p=105}}{{cite web |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?oid=230439 |title='ahu 'ula (Feathered cloak) |publisher=Museum of New Zealand web site |access-date=July 19, 2009 }} and mahiole (ceremonial helmet),{{cite web |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?oid=230445 |title=Mahiole (helmet) |publisher=Museum of New Zealand web site |access-date=July 19, 2009 }} since it was during the Makahiki season. Cook's ships returned on February 11 to repair storm damage. This time relations were not as good, resulting in a violent struggle when Cook tried to take Kalaniʻōpuʻu hostage after the theft of a longboat, which led to Cook's death.
Kalani{{okina}}ōpu{{okina}}u-a-Kaiamamao died at Kāʻilikiʻi, Waioʻahukini, Kaʻū, in April 1782. He was succeeded by his son, Kīwalaʻō, as king of Hawai{{okina}}i island; and his nephew, Kamehameha I,{{Cite web |title=Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites (Chapter 7) |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/kona/history7a.htm |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.nps.gov}} who was given guardianship of Kū-ka-ili-moku, the god of war. His nephew would eventually overthrow his son at the battle of Moku{{okina}}ōhai. The island of Hawai{{okina}}i was then effectively divided into three parts: his nephew Kamehameha ruled the western districts, his younger son Keōua Kuahuula controlled Ka{{okina}}ū, and his brother Keawemauhili controlled Hilo.{{Needs citation|date=February 2024}}
{{Kalaniʻōpuʻu, Kamehameha, Kānekapōlei and Peleuli family tree}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
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;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}* {{citation|last=Cook |first=James |author-link=James Cook |chapter=Hawaiian Feather Work |title=The Voyages of Captain James Cook. Illustrated ... With an Appendix, Giving an Account of the Present Condition of the South Sea Islands |volume=2 |place=London |publisher=William Smith |date=1842 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVPsgB2I_0gC&pg=PA428|pages=}}
{{refend}}
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{{succession box|title=Ali{{okina}}i of Ka{{okina}}ū|before=Alii Kai{{okina}}inamao Kalani-nui-i-a-mamao, 1st Ali{{okina}}i of Kau|after=Kīwalaʻō|years= ?–1782}}
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{{succession box|title=Ruler of Hawai{{okina}}i Island|before=Alapa{{okina}}inuiakauaua||after=Kīwalaʻō|years=1754–1782}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalaniopuu}}
Category:Royalty of Hawaii (island)
Category:Hawaiian military personnel
Category:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)