Kalem (magazine)
{{Short description|Defunct weekly satirical magazine in Ottoman Empire (1908–1911)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox magazine
| image_file = Kalem - No 23 - 4 Feb 1909.png
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Cover page of Kalem, issue 23 dated 4 February 1909
| editor = Lucien Sciuto
| editor_title =
| frequency = Weekly
| circulation =
| category = {{ubl|Satirical magazine | Political magazine}}
| company =
| publisher =
| founder = {{ubl|Celal Esat Arseven | Salah Cimcoz}}
| founded = 1908
| firstdate = September 1908
| finaldate = June 1911
| country = Ottoman Empire
| based = Istanbul
| language = {{ubl|Ottoman Turkish |French}}
| issn = }}
Kalem (Ottoman Turkish: Pen) was a bilingual weekly political satire magazine which was in circulation in the period 1908–1911 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire.{{cite journal|title=Catalogue record|journal=Qalem|pages=130 v|publisher=Hathi Trust|access-date=20 November 2021|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008898370?type%5B%5D=title&lookfor%5B%5D=kalem&ft=ft}} The magazine was one of the satirical publications which were started immediately after the end of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid's strict rule. It was published in Turkish and French languages and was one of the most notable satirical magazines in the Empire in terms of the quality cartoons.{{cite journal|author=Efrat E. Aviv|year=2013|title=Cartoons in Turkey – From Abdülhamid to Erdoğan|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=49|issue=2|page=224|s2cid=146388882
|doi=10.1080/00263206.2012.759101}} In addition, it is the first Ottoman publication which employed the word cartoon and attempted to develop a definition for it.
History and profile
Kalem was established in Istanbul in 1908 as a bilingual satirical magazine covering both Turkish and French materials,{{cite journal|author=Palmira Brummett|author-link=Palmira Brummett|title=Dogs, Women, Cholera, and Other Menaces in the Streets: Cartoon Satire in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–11|page=437|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|doi=10.1017/S0020743800062498|issue=4
|date=November 1995|volume=27|s2cid=161221142}}{{cite journal|author=M. Halil Sağlam|title=Türk Basın Tarihinde Kaynaklar Dergisi| journal=Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi|issue=13|year=2022|language=tr|doi=10.46250/kulturder.1100133|page=220|doi-access=free}} and its first issue appeared in September that year. Its founders were Salah Cimcoz and Celal Esat Arseven.{{cite journal|author=Figen Taşkın
|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuydta/issue/950/10712|year=2004|issue=6|page=162|title=Book review|journal=Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları}} Lucien Sciuto, a Salonican Jewish journalist, was the editor{{cite thesis|author=Juliette Rosenthal|title=From Constantinople to Cairo: A Zionist Newspaper Across National Boundaries|location=Skidmore College|page=28|degree=Undergraduate|year=2019|url=https://creativematter.skidmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=hist_stu_schol}} of the magazine which employed large number of cartoonists who produced rich cartoon styles.{{cite journal|author=Aslı Tunç|title=Pushing the Limits of Tolerance: Functions of Political Cartoonists in the Democratization Process: The Case of Turkey|journal=International Communication Gazette|year=2002|page=53|doi=10.1177/17480485020640010301|volume=64
|issue=1|s2cid=145098046}} The magazine introduced the concept of modern cartoons in terms of lines and captions used.{{cite thesis|author=Gamze Bora Yılmaz|title=To reintroduce the missing sound: Nationalism in Turkish political cartoons|location=Istanbul Bilgi University|degree=MA|page=47|year=2011|citeseerx=10.1.1.1001.9537 }} Because before Kalem cartoon was considered to be just painting by the journalists in the Ottoman Empire.
One of the major contributors was Cemil Cem who started his journalistic career in Kalem{{cite web|title=Drawing Ire: Illustrated Ottoman Satirical Magazines|date=3 May 2020|archive-date=25 April 2021|publisher=British Library|access-date=20 November 2021
|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/05/drawing-ire.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425153941/https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/05/drawing-ire.html}} which targeted educated Ottomans. Another contributor was Refik Halit Karay.{{cite journal|author=Syed Tanvir Wasti|title=Refik Halid Karay and his memoirs of exile|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|year=2019|volume=55|issue=3|pages=451,460|doi=10.1080/00263206.2018.1520102
|s2cid=149756420}} There were also international contributors of Kalem one of whom was Henri Yan, a French journalist.{{cite journal|author=Gary Leiser|title=The Dawn of Aviation in the Middle East: The First Flying Machines over Istanbul|journal=Air Power History|date=Summer 2005|volume=52|issue=2|page=39|jstor=26274636}} In October 1908 the magazine reported its circulation as 13,000 copies. In the same date Kalem published a caricature of German Emperor Wilhelm II who was featured as a two-faced man deceiving the Ottoman Empire.{{cite thesis|author=Erol Baykal|title=The Ottoman Press, 1908-1923|page=50
|doi=10.17863/CAM.15925|url=https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.15925|degree=PhD|location=University of Cambridge|year=2013}} Due to this caricature the issue of the magazine was confiscated and the owner, Salah Cimcoz, was arrested for a short time upon the request of the German embassy in Istanbul. Kalem folded in June 1911.
In 2019 the University of Texas at Austin organized an exhibition on Kalem magazine and the political cartoons published in the magazine.{{cite web|author=Dale Correa|title=Satire After the Young Turk Revolution: Cartoons from Kalem Magazine, 1908|access-date=20 November 2021|url=https://exhibits.lib.utexas.edu/spotlight/kalemcartoons|publisher=University of Texas at Austin Libraries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828055536/https://exhibits.lib.utexas.edu/spotlight/kalemcartoons|archive-date=28 August 2021|year=2019}} The print editions of the magazine are archived at the University.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalem}}
Category:1908 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Category:1911 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
Category:Defunct political magazines published in Turkey
Category:French-language magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1908
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1911
Category:Defunct magazines published in Istanbul
Category:Satirical magazines published in Turkey
Category:Defunct Turkish-language magazines