Kanamarí language

The term Katukina is derived from the Proto-Purus term *ka-tukanɨ, meaning 'speaker of an indigenous language'.{{sfn|Carvalho|2019}} As a result, it is used to refer to a few different unrelated languages belonging to separate language families, including Panoan and Arawakan:

• Katukina (Arawakan)
• Katukína (Panoan)
• Catuquinarú (unclassified)

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal
rowspan="2" |Plosive !voiceless |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} |{{IPA link|k}} |
voiced |{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d}} |{{IPA link|dʒ}} | |
colspan="2" |Nasal |{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} |{{IPA link|ɲ}} | |
colspan="2" |Fricative | | | | |{{IPA link|h}}
colspan="2" |Approximant | |{{IPA link|l}} | | |

An alveolar lateral consonant /l/ may be realized as a retroflex lateral {{IPAblink|ɭ}}. A velar nasal {{IPAblink|ŋ}} sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels. A glottal stop {{IPAblink|ʔ}} can be heard before word-initial vowels. A word-final /k/ may also sound unreleased {{IPAblink|k̚}}.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan=2| ! rowspan=2| Front ! rowspan=2| Central ! colspan="2" |Back
unrounded	rounded
High |{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}} | |{{IPA link|ɯ}} {{IPA link|ɯː}} |{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}
Low | |{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}} | colspan="2" |

/i/ and /u/ may be realized as approximant sounds {{IPAblink|j}} and {{IPAblink|w}}, when preceding another vowel.{{sfn|dos Anjos|2011}}

The syntax of Kanamarí is characterized by ergative–absolutive alignment.{{sfn|Queixalós|2010}} The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for case, and usually appears following the verb phrase.

{{interlinear|indent=2

|tyuku wa:pa

|die dog

|'The dog died.'}}

{{interlinear|indent=2

|no-ti paiko

|2.SG.GEN-kill grandfather

|'You killed grandfather.'}}

If the absolutive argument is a pronoun, it is represented by its free-standing form.

{{interlinear|indent=2

|ki:tan idi:k

|sleep 2.SG

|'You slept.'}}

The ergative argument (i.e. the agent of transitive verbs) is marked for genitive case. If the agent is a pronoun, it is represented by a genitive prefix (as in no-ti paiko 'you killed grandfather' above). If the agent is a full noun, it is linked to the verb with the case marker na, which phonologically attaches to the verb:

{{interlinear|indent=2

|pi:da na{{=}}ti paiko

|jaguar GEN{{=}}kill grandfather

|'The jaguar killed grandfather.'}}

{{reflist|20em}}

• {{cite book

|first=Francesc |last=Queixalós

|chapter=Grammatical relations in Katukina-Kanamari

|year=2010

|title=Ergativity in Amazonia

|editor-first1=Spike |editor-last1=Gildea

|editor-first2=Francesc |editor-last2=Queixalós

|pages=235–284

|doi=10.1075/tsl.89.10que

}}

• {{Cite thesis

|first=Zoraide |last=dos Anjos

|year=2011

|title=Fonologia e Gramática Katukina-Kanamari

|trans-title=Katukina-Kanamari Phonology and Grammar

|degree=Ph.D.

|publisher=Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

|url=https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/281_fulltext.pdf

|access-date=12 June 2020

}}

• {{cite book

|first=Francesc |last=Queixalós

|chapter=The Katukina-Kanamari antipassive

|pages=227–258

|date=2012

|title=Ergativity, Valency and Voice

|editor-first1=Gilles |editor-last1=Authier

|editor-first2=Katharina |editor-last2=Haude

|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton

|location=Berlin

}}

• {{cite journal

|first=Fernando Orphão de Carvalho |last=Carvalho

|date=2019

|title=On the Etymology of the Ethnonym Katukina

|journal=Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas

|volume=2 |issue=1

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349271185_On_the_Etymology_of_the_Ethnonym_Katukina/citations

}}

• [https://ids.clld.org/contributions/278 Catuquina] (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

{{Languages of Brazil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanamari language}}

Category:Languages of Brazil

Category:Katukinan languages

Category:Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia