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Katukinan languages

{{Short description|Language family of South America}}

{{Infobox language family

| name = Katukinan

| region = Amazonas and Acre, Brazil

| familycolor = American

| fam1 = Harákmbut–Katukinan

| child1 = Kanamarí

| child2 = Katawixi

| glotto = katu1274

| glottorefname = Katukinan

| altname = Kanamari

}}

Katukinan (Catuquinan) is a language family consisting of two languages in Brazil, Katukina-Kanamarí and the perhaps moribund Katawixi. It is often not clear which names in the literature, which are generally tribal names and often correspond to dialects, refer to distinct languages. Indeed, they are close enough that some consider them all to be dialects of a single language, Kanamari (Fabre 2005).

Campbell (2012) note that Adelaar "presents reasonably persuasive evidence that Harákmbut and Katukinan are genetically related."{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |authorlink=Lyle Campbell |editor1-last=Grondona |editor1-first=Verónica |editor2-last=Campbell |editor2-first=Lyle |date=2012 |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America |chapter=Classification of the indigenous languages of South America |series=The World of Linguistics |volume=2 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=59–166 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3}}

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Jivaro, Máku (Jukude), Mura-Matanawi, Puinave-Nadahup, Taruma, Tupi, Yanomami, and Arawak language families due to contact. This suggests that Katukinan and the language families with which it was in contact with had been earlier spoken within a central Amazon interaction sphere.{{cite thesis|last=Jolkesky |first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery |date=2016 |url=http://www.etnolinguistica.org/tese:jolkesky-2016-arqueoecolinguistica |title=Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas |type=Ph.D. dissertation |location=Brasília |publisher=University of Brasília |edition=2}}

Classification

Many ethnic Katukina had shifted to other languages by the time of European contact. Examples are Panoan Katukina and unclassified Katukinaru.

The common suffix dyapa, djapa means 'tribe' or 'clan', for which the varieties are named. Fabre (2005) lists Kanamarí, Txuhuã-djapá, Katukína do Jutaí (Katukina proper), and Katawixi as four attested languages.

The {{Ill|Tsohom Djapa|hr|Tsohom Djapá}} are believed to speak a Katukinan language.{{Cite web |title=Tsohom-dyapa - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil |url=https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Tsohom-dyapa |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=pib.socioambiental.org}}

=Loukotka (1968)=

A large number of Katukinan dialects have gone extinct. Loukotka (1968) illustrates data from Catuquina (Wiri-dyapá, of the Jutaí River), Canamari, Parawa (Hon-dyapa), Bendiapa, and Catauxi (Catosé, Hewadie, Katawishi, Quatausi).{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |authorlink=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles}} Canamari, Parawa, and Bendiapa (Beñ-Dyapá) may constitute a single language, as may Tucundiapa (Mangeroma, Tucano Dyapa). He also notes a Tawari (Tauaré, Kadekili-dyapa, Kayarára), and a Buruá (Burue, Buruhe), of which nothing has been recorded. All of them are classified as "Southern Catuquina" except for Catauxi, which is the only "Northern Catuquina" language. The locations of each variety given by Loukotka (1968) are:

=Mason (1950)=

Mason (1950) gives Pidá-Dyapá and Kutiá-Dyapá as dialects of Catukina, and Cadekili-Dyapá and Wadyo-Paraniñ-Dyapá (Kairara) as dialects of Tawari, corresponding to Loukotka's names Kadekili-dyapa and Kayarára. He adds Catukino and a "miscellaneous" list of Amena-Dyapá, Cana-Dyapá, Hon-Dyapá (which Loukotka identifies with Parawa), Marö-Dyapá, Ururu-Dyapá, and Wiri-Dyapá (which Loukotka identifies with Catuquina). Mason's (1950) internal classification of Catukina is summarized as follows.{{cite book |last=Mason |first=John Alden |authorlink=John Alden Mason |date=1950 |chapter=The languages of South America |editor-first1=Julian |editor-last1=Steward |title=Handbook of South American Indians |volume=6 |pages=157–317 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 |location=Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office}}

{{tree list}}

  • Catukina
  • Beñ-Dyapá (Bendiapa)
  • Burue (Buruhe)
  • Canamari
  • Catawishi (Hewadie)
  • Catukina
  • Pidá-Dyapá
  • Kutiá-Dyapá
  • Catukino
  • Parawa
  • Tawari (Tauaré)
  • Cadekili-Dyapá
  • Wadyo-Paraniñ-Dyapá (Kairara)
  • Tucun-Dyapá (Tucano Dyapa, Mangeroma)
  • (miscellaneous)
  • Amena-Dyapá
  • Cana-Dyapá
  • Hon-Dyapá
  • Marö-Dyapá
  • Ururu-Dyapá
  • Wiri-Dyapá

{{tree list/end}}

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Catuquinan languages.

:

class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Catuquina !! Canamari !! Parawa !! Bendiapa !! Catauxi

one

| kexüktü || ekek || ikek || kik || wakata

two

| upaúa || ubawa || bawa || ubawa || sahe

three

| tupaua || ekek atehu || ikekʔtʔhu || kik atehu || tiumpa

head

| ghü || tyu-ki || chu-ke || chu-kii || tu-kãe

eye

| üghó || tyu-ekó || chu-iku || chu-iku || erada

tooth

| ü || tyu-hé || chu-he || chu-hi || hí-i

water

| uatahi || otahe || wataxi || waxi || mãnghi

moon

| vahliá || wádya || wadia || wadya || kuéyi

tree

| oma || umang || uma || umank || híhi

snake

| hüxpang || ipa || || ixpan || pagʔ

axe

| suhe || chuwe || yuhi || chui || toñhi

See also

Bibliography

  • dos Anjos, Z. (2011). Fonologia e Gramática Katukina-Kanamari. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Groth, Ch. (1977). Here and There in Canamarí. Anthropological Linguistics, 19:203- 215.
  • Ssila, M. et al. (1989). Elementos da fonologia Kanamari. Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos, 16:123-141.
  • Tastevin, C. (n.d.). Dialecte katawixy. (Manuscript).
  • Tastevin, C. (n.d.). Langue canamari. (Manuscript).

References

{{reflist}}

  • Alain Fabre, 2005, [http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Katukina.pdf Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: "KATUKINA"]

{{Language families}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Katukinan Languages}}

Category:Languages of Brazil

Category:Language families

Category:Macro-Puinavean languages