Kangean language
{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kangean
|nativename= {{lang|kkv|bĕsa Kangéan}}
| states = Indonesia
| region = Kangean Islands
|ethnicity= Kangean
|speakers=110,000
|date=2000 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
|fam3=Malayo-Sumbawan (?)
|fam4=Madurese
| script ={{plainlist|
}}
| agency = 17px Language Development and Fostering Agency
- East Java Language Center
|iso3=kkv
| dia1 = Western Kangean
| dia2 = Eastern Kangean
|glotto=kang1289
|glottorefname=Kangean
| notice = IPA
}}
Kangean (bĕsa Kangéan) is a Austronesian language spoken by the Kangean people, which is an ethnic group native to Kangean Islands region, north of the Bali Sea.{{cite journal|author=H. N. Kiliaan|year=1897|title=Kangeansch. In Morphology and Syntaxis|pages=153–176|location=Batavia|publisher=Landsdrukkerij|journal=Madoereesche Spraakkunst}}{{cite web|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/583327|last1=Eberhard|first1=David M.|last2=Simons|first2=Gary F.|last3=Fennig|first3=Charles D.|date=2021|language=en|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|location=Dallas|publisher=SIL International|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=2021-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004234032/https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/583327}}{{cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kang1289|title=Kangean language|language=en|trans-title=Bahasa Kangean|website=Glottolog 4.4}} It is native to Kangean and the surrounding islands. The Kangean language is closely related to Madurese and partly mutually intelligible with it, and is often considered a dialect of Madurese.{{cite journal |last=Sofyan |first=Akhmad |year=2010 |title=Fonologi Bahasa Madura |journal=Humaniora |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=207–218 |doi=10.22146/jh.1337|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |url=https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/1337}}
Writing system
Viewed from an ethnolinguistic perspective from the discovery of inscriptions on the Kangean Islands, the original Kangean language is unknown or it can be concluded that so far it does not have its own traditional script. From time to time, the use of scripts from other languages has been used to write literary works in the Kangean language, including the Carakan, Lontara, Mangkasara, Pegon, and the Latin scripts which is currently the most frequently used.
=Latin=
The Kangean language is present generally written in the 26-letter Latin script, but the use of the letters ⟨X⟩ and ⟨Z⟩ is generally rare in everyday life except in names. In Dutch colonial times, the Latin script used in Kangean had diacritics like the Latin script for Old Javanese used to distinguish sounds in words; for example, the word tepaq (transl. har. 'appropriate') used to be written as tĕppaq, but nowadays Kangean tends to be written without diacritics and has undergone spelling standardization following Javanese spelling but simpler (for example, the word bathik in Javanese would be spelled as batik in Kangean).
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Uppercase | Lowercase | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| A | a | {{IPA|/aː/}} |
| B | b | {{IPA|/bʱeː/}} |
| C | c | {{IPA|/t͡ʃeː/}} |
| D | d | {{IPA|/d̪eː/}} |
| E | e | {{IPA|/eː/}} |
| F | f | {{IPA|/ɛf/}} |
| G | g | {{IPA|/geː/}} |
| H | h | {{IPA|/haː/}} |
| I | i | {{IPA|/iː/}} |
| J | j | {{IPA|/d͡ʒeː/}} |
| K | k | {{IPA|/kaː/}} |
| L | l | {{IPA|/ɛl/}} |
| M | m | {{IPA|/ɛm/}} |
| N | n | {{IPA|/ɛn/}} |
| O | o | {{IPA|/oː/}} |
| P | p | {{IPA|/peː/}} |
| Q | q | {{IPA|/kɪ/}} |
| R | r | {{IPA|/ɛr/}} |
| S | s | {{IPA|/ɛs/}} |
| T | t | {{IPA|/teː/}} |
| U | u | {{IPA|/uː/}} |
| V | v | {{IPA|/veː/}} |
| W | w | {{IPA|/weː/}} |
| X | x | {{IPA|/eːks/}} |
| Y | y | {{IPA|/jeː/}} |
| Z | z | {{IPA|/zɛt/}} |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}{{Incubator|kkv}}{{Western Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Languages of Indonesia}}
Category:Languages of Indonesia
{{au-lang-stub}}