Karnal

The city associates itself with the character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata.[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015009/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/people/king-karna-returns-to-his-land-karnal/496282.html King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.]

{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}

At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar.{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |chapter=Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.|editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }} The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauji rule under the Pala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of Mihira Bhoja, the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.

The Tomaras, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.{{cite book |author=H. A. Phadke |title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Harman |isbn=978-81-85151-34-2 }} About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Anangpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhans of Ajmer, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana Vighnaraja IV.{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }} The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazi. The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarain when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, and captured parts of North India, along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire in North India.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}

{{main|Battle of Karnal}}

File:The Daria-e Noor (Sea of Light) Diamond from the collection of the national jewels of Iran at Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran.jpg diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)]]

In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal, in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah.Axworthy, Michael (2009) Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission. The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule. On 24 Feb1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 Feb, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYsMAQAAMAAJ&q=rao+bal+kishan |title=Haryana State Gazetteer |date=2001 |publisher=Haryana Gazetteers Organisation, Revenue Department |language=en}}{{Cite news |title= शहीदी दिवस: नांगल पठानी में मनाया वीर अमर शहीद राव बालकिशन का शहीदी दिवस|newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar |date=22 February 2021 |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/rohtak/rewari/news/martyrs-day-of-veer-amar-shaheed-rao-balkishan-celebrated-in-nangal-pathani-128254998.html}}

Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.{{cite book |author=D. C. Miglani |title=Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kNN4i2dLF4C&pg=PA74 |isbn=81-7100-578-0}} On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

During the Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.

{{Weather box

| location = Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| width = auto

| Jan record high C = 31.2

| Feb record high C = 33.2

| Mar record high C = 37.5

| Apr record high C = 45.2

| May record high C = 46.0

| Jun record high C = 46.0

| Jul record high C = 43.9

| Aug record high C = 42.0

| Sep record high C = 38.3

| Oct record high C = 39.3

| Nov record high C = 34.4

| Dec record high C = 28.8

| year record high C = 46.0

| Jan high C = 18.2

| Feb high C = 22.2

| Mar high C = 27.7

| Apr high C = 35.5

| May high C = 38.6

| Jun high C = 37.6

| Jul high C = 33.8

| Aug high C = 32.6

| Sep high C = 32.3

| Oct high C = 31.8

| Nov high C = 27.3

| Dec high C = 21.5

| year high C = 30.0

| Jan low C = 6.4

| Feb low C = 8.9

| Mar low C = 12.9

| Apr low C = 18.3

| May low C = 23.1

| Jun low C = 25.4

| Jul low C = 26.0

| Aug low C = 25.3

| Sep low C = 23.2

| Oct low C = 17.3

| Nov low C = 11.5

| Dec low C = 7.4

| year low C = 17.2

| Jan record low C = -0.3

| Feb record low C = 0.1

| Mar record low C = 3.5

| Apr record low C = 9.0

| May record low C = 14.5

| Jun record low C = 18.0

| Jul record low C = 19.5

| Aug record low C = 18.4

| Sep record low C = 16.0

| Oct record low C = 9.4

| Nov record low C = 3.0

| Dec record low C = -0.4

| year record low C = -0.4

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 32.5

| Feb rain mm = 28.9

| Mar rain mm = 21.1

| Apr rain mm = 13.3

| May rain mm = 27.6

| Jun rain mm = 98.4

| Jul rain mm = 172.8

| Aug rain mm = 160.2

| Sep rain mm = 128.4

| Oct rain mm = 4.3

| Nov rain mm = 2.0

| Dec rain mm = 6.0

| year rain mm = 695.4

| Jan rain days = 1.7

| Feb rain days = 2.1

| Mar rain days = 1.5

| Apr rain days = 1.2

| May rain days = 1.7

| Jun rain days = 5.1

| Jul rain days = 7.8

| Aug rain days = 8.0

| Sep rain days = 5.0

| Oct rain days = 0.3

| Nov rain days = 0.2

| Dec rain days = 0.6

| year rain days = 35.4

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 70

| Feb humidity = 63

| Mar humidity = 52

| Apr humidity = 29

| May humidity = 29

| Jun humidity = 45

| Jul humidity = 70

| Aug humidity = 76

| Sep humidity = 71

| Oct humidity = 55

| Nov humidity = 53

| Dec humidity = 63

|year humidity = 56

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = April 8, 2024

}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| title = Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010

| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = January 2015

| pages = 395–396

| access-date = 1 March 2020}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = December 2016

| page = M65

| access-date = 1 March 2020}}

}}

The population of the city as of 2011, is 302,140.{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/handbooks#|title=Historical Census of India |access-date=2 March 2024}}

File:DiwaliKarnal.JPG

The sex ratio in Karnal stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 862.

Karnal Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Karnal. The mayor of the city currently is Renu Bala Gupta and the municipal commissioner is Naresh Narwal, IAS.

The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and jagmohan anand of BJP is the current MLA from Karnal constituency.{{cite news |title=Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/manohar-lal-khattar-in-karnal-election-results-2019-live-updates-2358993.html |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=News18 |date=24 October 2019 |language=en}}

Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency.

Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019.{{cite news |title=Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/cleanliness-survey-karnal-city-needs-toilets-to-improve-rank/744845.html |access-date=21 March 2019 |work=The Tribune |date=17 March 2019}}

Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission.{{cite news |title=Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/khattar-s-karnal-tops-list-of-smart-cities-110000 |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=Tribune |date=23 July 2015 |language=en}}

• St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School.[http://www.stcskarnal.com], official website.
• Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College.[https://www.kcgmckarnal.org/kalpana-chawla-government-medical-college/ Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]
• Pratap Public School.[https://www.pratappublicschool.com], official website.
• Maharana Pratap Horticultural University.[http://www.mhu.ac.in Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal], official website.
• Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences.
• State Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nilokheri.

National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) has been complementing country’s massive

dairy development programmes through its multifaceted activities in the areas of Dairy

Research. NDRI is fully supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and

functions as one of the National Institutes under its aegis. The institute also interacts with

various National and International Institutes in Dairying and allied fields for exchange of

information and advancing new knowledge both in basic and applied fields of dairy science.

The contributions of the Institute in conducting, collating and co-ordinating research in

Dairying have received worldwide recognition. The Institute was conferred Deemed

University status by the University Grants commission in March, 1989.

For transfer of technology and dissemination of know-how developed at the Institute, the

Operational Research Project, a programme of integrated crop and milk production

improvement, links the Institute with farming community of 40 villages around Karnal.{{Cite web |title=Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) |url=http://ndri.res.in/educations/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |language=en-US}}

National

Burea of Animal genetic Resources and National Institute of animal Genetics were set up on

21 September 1984. These Institutes were initially located in the Campus of Southern

Regional Station of NDRI, Bangalore. Since 19 July 1985 the Bureau and Animal Genetics

Institute are in Karnal.

The broad aims of the Institutes are to conduct systematic

surveys on animal and poultry genetic resources; to develop methodologies for the

conservation of animal genetic resources in-situ through cryo-preservation and by developing

transgenic forces; to establish data respository; to design methodologies for proper

management and optimal utilisation of animal genetic resources; etc.

Wheat Project Directorate (WPO) was made independent of Indian Agricultural Research

Institute, New Delhi w.e.f. Ist September, 1990 and redesignated as Directorate of Wheat

Research (DWR) with headquarters at Karnal.

It was established in March 1969, under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural

Research (ICAR).

• Kalpana Chawla, first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project|newspaper=Firstpost |date=28 August 2015}}
• Vikramjeet Virk A Bollywood Actor. He Was Born in 1984 Village Tharwa Majra Of Karnal. He’s Well Renowned Actor Working in Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu Films.
• Anish Bhanwala, Indian shooter. He was brought up in Karnal, Haryana and competes in the 25 meter rapid fire pistol, 25 meter pistol, and 25 meter standard pistol events.{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/anish-wins-india-s-3rd-individual-gold-in-jr-world-cup-118032600375_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=26 March 2018}}
• Mool Chand Jain, a leader of the Indian Independence movement.{{cite web|title=Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives|url=http://moolchandjain.org}}
• General Arthur Power Palmer, Commander-in-Chief of India was born in 1840
• Navdeep Saini, Indian cricketer
• Liaquat Ali Khan, Nawab of Karnal. A Pakistan Movement leader, he was selected as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan by Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah{{cite web|title=Liaquat Ali Khan prime minister of Pakistan

|date=24 November 2023 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Liaquat-Ali-Khan}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Karnal}}

{{Wikivoyage|Karnal}}{{Haryana}}

{{Forts of Haryana}}

Category:Cities and towns in Karnal district

Category:Smart cities in India