Kazimierz Świątek

{{Short description|Belarusian Roman Catholic cardinal and human rights activist (1914–2011)}}

{{Infobox Christian leader

| type = Cardinal

| honorific-prefix = His Eminence

| name = Kazimierz Świątek

| honorific-suffix =

| title = Cardinal Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev

| image = Kazimir Sviontek 03.jpg

| image_size = 230px

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| church = Roman Catholic

| archdiocese = Minsk-Mohilev

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| see =

| term_start = 21 May 1991

| term_end = 14 June 2006

| predecessor = Zygmunt Konstanty Antoni Łoziński

| opposed =

| successor = Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz

| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Gerardo Maiella
Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk (1991-2006)

| ordination = 8 April 1939

| consecration = 21 May 1991

| cardinal = 26 November 1994

| created_cardinal_by = John Paul II

| rank = Cardinal-Priest

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|10|21}}

| birth_place = Valga, Estonia (Russian Empire)

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2011|07|21|1914|10|21}}

| death_place = Pinsk, Belarus

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| nationality = Estonian

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| coat_of_arms = Kazimir Cardinal Sviontak Coat of Arms.jpg

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}

{{infobox cardinalstyles

| image = Kazimir Cardinal Sviontak Coat of Arms.jpg

| image_size = 220px

| cardinal name = Kazimierz Świątek

| dipstyle = His Eminence

| offstyle = Your Eminence

| See = Pinsk (emeritus)

}}

Kazimierz Cardinal Świątek ({{langx|be|Казімір Свёнтак|translit=Kazimir Sviontak}}; 21 October 1914 – 21 July 2011) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was most known for his resistance to Cold War-era Soviet communism and for his service in Minsk, Belarus. Cardinal Swiatek was the former Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev, and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk.

File:Swiontek1.jpg

File:Swiontek.jpg

Świątek was born to Polish parents in the municipality of Walk, in what was then the Russian Empire, the present-day municipality of Valga, Estonia. His family was deported to Siberia during the Russian Revolution. His father died fighting in the Polish-Soviet War. The future Cardinal lived in newly independent Poland from 1922. After completing his philosophical and theological studies at the seminary in Pinsk, Świątek was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest in 1939, and then was sent to the parish of Pruzhany.{{Cite web |url=http://www.kresy.pl/wydarzenia?zobacz/kard-kazimierz-swiatek-konczy-dzis-95-lat |title=Notice of death of Kazimierz Cardinal Świątek (in Polish) |access-date=10 March 2010 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191649/http://www.kresy.pl/wydarzenia?zobacz/kard-kazimierz-swiatek-konczy-dzis-95-lat |url-status=dead }}

The Soviet Union occupied Pinsk after the Nazi-Soviet Pact divided Poland in 1939. Świątek was arrested by the NKVD in April 1941, and held on death row in Brest for two months. Father Świątek escaped from prison, taking advantage of the confusion caused by the Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, and returned to Pruzhany. In December 1944, the NKVD arrested Swiatek for a second time. The following year he was sentenced to 10 years hard labor in a concentration camp, and spent nine years in Siberia and the north of the Soviet Union, working in the taiga and in the mines. After his release in June 1954, he returned to Pinsk.{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholic.by/2/en/conference/bishops/43-kkbb/100070-swatek.html |title=Profile of Cardinal Świątek |access-date=10 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210116/http://www.catholic.by/2/en/conference/bishops/43-kkbb/100070-swatek.html |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}

In 1988, he was made a Monsignor by Pope John Paul II, who in 1991 appointed him Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk, and on 26 November 1994 created him Cardinal-Priest of San Gerardo Maiella. He was elected as the first President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus, which according to the church's website "underlines his leading role in the Church in Belarus."

In July 2006, Świątek, then aged 91, his resignation for reasons of age and declining health from the offices of Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI, but he remained Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk until 30 June 2011, when Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, his successor as Metropolitan Archbishop of Minsk-Mohilev, replaced him also as Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk.