Kebar Valley

The valley floor is leveled and gently tilted to three degrees, providing a division between the Arfak Mountains in the south, and the Tamrau Mountains in the north.

Along its margins are several small alluvial cones, and terrace remnants of high level lake or alluvial deposits that rest along the north side of the valley. The major drainage area is the Kasi River. However, the Api River and Apriri River are two other rivers that cross this valley and supply water to the southeast lowland swamp areas. At the western end of the valley, quaternary basin sediments are cut by the Kasi River and exposed in terraces up to {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} high. Throughout the valley are many natural pastures, with the largest one located in the central region and has an area of {{convert|218|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Primary fauna found in the valley is the Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis), which are mostly found close to the flat regions of the central and eastern parts of the valley, encompassing the grassland and forest regions. However, it is common to find the deer across the grassland, looking for shelter in the hilly forests of the western regions of the valley. This hilly grassland area can be described as the pathway of water from highland areas to the flatland areas flowing to the east through the gullies. The physical characteristic of the soil in the Kebar Valley has been described as sandy in texture with little coherence structure in the central and western regions, along with a sandy clay loam in coherent plastic bolus structure along the eastern region.

File:Panorama of the Kebar Valley.jpg in the background.]]

Encompassing the Vogelkop montane rain forests ecoregion, the Kebar Valley has a tropical savanna climate, characterized mostly by its tall grass fields and broadleaf forests. The weather in the valley is subject to seasonal influence of the northwest monsoon from November to March, and the southeast trade winds from June to September. Limited meteorological observations indicate a relatively dry season for half of the year along the northern and central part of the valley, especially when the trade winds are blowing from the southeast. Rainfall is high throughout the Kebar Valley, with an average up to {{convert|3500|mm|in}} annually. Temperatures are uniformly high in the lowlands, which range from about {{convert|23|to|30|C|F}}, decreasing with higher elevation towards the Tamrau Mountains to a mean daily temperature from {{convert|8|to|16|C|F}}, with an average rainfall from {{convert|1500|to|2000|mm|in}}. Relative humidity is also uniformly high in the valley, ranging from 80 to 100 percent. Morning clouds and ground fog may hamper aircraft operations in regions surrounding the valley during dry season.

File:Kebar Valley Lowlands.jpg

The Kebar Valley is home to the Karoon, Abun, Dore and the Wabia people who made their main home in the village of Saukorem.{{cite book|last=Kamma|first=Freerk Ch|title=Religious texts of the oral tradition from Western New-Guinea (Irian Jaya)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0P8UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA49|accessdate=20 December 2010|year=1975|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-05694-7|pages=49–}} The growing populations in the valley resulted from Christian missionaries that moved through this region of the Bird's Head Peninsula.{{cite book|last1=Gregerson|first1=Marilyn|last2=Sterner|first2=Joyce|title=Symbolism and ritual in Irian Jaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2wFAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=20 December 2010|date=March 1998|publisher=Cenderawasih University|isbn=978-1-55671-025-4|page=104}} The people living here are reported to have children not only with partners of other families, but with cousins and distant relatives which may affect the parent's views of which children are truly "biological" or not.{{cite book|last1=Miedema|first1=Jelle|last2=Reesink|first2=Ger P.|title=One head, many faces: new perspectives on the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD1vAP8JxMUC&pg=PA49|accessdate=20 December 2010|year=2004|publisher=KITLV Press|doi=10.1163/9789004454385|isbn=978-90-6718-229-4|pages=49–50}} The people of the valley, Saukorem and this region of the Bird's Head Peninsula are said to produce wooden figures which are known as Korwar figures.{{cite book|last1=Bühler|first1=Alfred|last2=Barrow|first2=Terence|last3=Mountford|first3=Charles Pearcy|title=The art of the South Sea Islands: including Australia and New Zealand,|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7NBAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=20 December 2010|year=1968|publisher=Greystone Press|page=35}} They are often made with glass beads for eyes and a neckband made of bark-cloth and with the skulls of deceased family members.{{cite book|last=Bühler|first=Alfred|title=The art of the South Sea Islands, including Australia and New Zealand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZ8wAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=20 December 2010|year=1962|publisher=Crown Publishers|page=36}} The Korwar figures in particular which are made with skulls are said to provide an abode for spirits of the departed and are believed to safeguard the vital force which is contained within the skull of the deceased. The locals are also known for producing bark-cloth.{{cite book|last=Howard|first=Michael Carlton|title=Bark-cloth in Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ssSAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=20 December 2010|year=2006|publisher=White Lotus Press|isbn=978-974-480-096-1|page=184}}

• [https://www.academia.edu/7547060/Grazing_habitat_of_Rusa_Deer_Cervus_timorensis_in_the_upland_Kebar_Manokwari Grazing habitat of Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) in the Kebar Valley]. Accessed 5 March 2015
• WWF [https://web.archive.org/web/20120302065523/http://www.worldwildlife.org/expeditions/newguinea/notes_vogelkop1.cfm Bird Watching on Bird's Head], and the Threats to the Region Vogelkop Montane Rain Forests. Accessed 5 March 2015
• [http://www.bird-watching-papua-adventure-travel.com/birdinghotspots/arfakmountains.html Arfak Mountains: Birding Hotspot of West Papua] Accessed 5 March 2015

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{{Commonscat|Kebar Valley}}

Category:Landforms of Southwest Papua

Category:Valleys of Indonesia