Kebili

Kebili is one of the oldest oases in Tunisia and North Africa. It holds the earliest hard evidence of human habitation in Tunisia (found near the town) and dates back about 200,000 years.{{Cite book|last=Eyewitness|first=D. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGIpCgAAQBAJ&q=%22kebili%22+early+humans&pg=PA49|title=DK Eyewitness Tunisia|date=2016-06-01|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited|isbn=978-0-241-24915-4|language=en}} Kebili, along with many other Tunisian cities, became part of the Roman Empire after the Punic Wars.

Kebili's population is more diverse compared to other Tunisian governorates. The population traces its roots to three main groups:

• Berbers: The native inhabitants of Tunisia and North Africa.
• Arabs: They came to Kebili in the early days of the Muslim conquest. Most came from the Southern Arabian Peninsula (modern day Saudi Arabia and Yemen). They still hold the tribal names of their ancestors.
• Black Africans: They were brought to the city when it was a slavery trade center. See the Economy section below.

While Arabic is the dominant language in the region, several differences set it apart from the Tunisian Arabic spoken elsewhere in the country. Most notably, the letter qāf {{lang|ar|ق}} is pronounced as a {{IPAblink|g}} rather than the guttural {{IPAblink|q}}. Additionally, some villages use the feminine plural pronouns {{lang|ar|antunna}} {{lang|ar|أنتن}} (plural you) and {{lang|ar|hunna}} {{lang|ar|هن}} (they). These pronouns are very rare throughout the Arab world and are usually replaced by their masculine counterparts {{lang|ar|antum}} {{lang|ar|أنتم}} and {{lang|ar|hum}} {{lang|ar|هم}}. Bedouin vocabulary and expressions have declined in usage among the new generations.

Islam is the dominant religion. Kebili, as many other Tunisian towns, holds a great number of Soofiat Maqams (Saleheen).{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source; If true, which period? The majority of kebilian are Sunni|date=January 2012}}

The economy of Kebili has seen diverse orientations throughout its history. Kebili was one source of the African slavery trade to satisfy European needs.{{dubious|date=February 2024}} Slaves were taken to Europe through the port of Gabès.{{dubious|1=It's possible some African slaves were sold to the Atlantic trade through Tunisia but highly dubious. The Maghreb was primarily a hub for the "European" needs of Ottoman Turkey, including white and black slaves.|date=February 2024}} Nowadays, Kebili relies heavily on agriculture and tourism.

File:Kebili-village.JPG

The main agricultural product in the region are dates or "deglets". Kebili produces a very high quality date, exported all around the world and contributing significantly to the local and national economy.

Since national independence, the government of Tunisia has encouraged tourism projects and resorts in the Saharan region. Of these Douz, south of Kebili, is the most famous Saharian destination of Tunisia (known as the Sahara Gate).

Temperature records have been kept here from 1901–1939, 1949–1953, and 2000–2012. The French colonial authorities of the Service météorologique de Tunis maintained the older records. A portion of the original data logs for this early period is in the NCDC archives and at the POR of 1907 to 1932. Like Azizia, Kebili is subject to the foehn-like wind phenomena known as a Ghibili.

The World Meteorological Organization cites Kebili as having recorded the highest temperature ever recorded in Africa at {{convert|55.0|C|F}},{{Cite web|url=https://wmo.asu.edu/content/africa-highest-temperature|title=World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive|website=wmo.asu.edu}} which is disputed by some meteorologists{{Cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Africas-Hottest-Reliably-Measured-Temperature-Record-1243F-Thursday-Algeria|title = Africa's Hottest Reliably Measured Temperature on Record: 124.3°F on Thursday in Algeria}}{{Cite web|url=https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2020/08/death-valley-california-may-have-recorded-hottest-temp-in-world-history/|title = Death Valley, California, may have recorded the hottest temperature in world history » Yale Climate Connections|date = 17 August 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm|title=Extreme Temperatures Around the World}} mainly because in the post WW2-era no temperature above {{convert|48.8|C|F}} (24 July 1997) was recorded in the Kebili station and no temperature above {{convert|51.3|C|F}} (Ouargla, Algeria, 5 July 2018) was recorded in the whole continent of Africa.{{Cite web|url=https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2020/08/death-valley-california-may-have-recorded-hottest-temp-in-world-history/|title = Death Valley, California, may have recorded the hottest temperature in world history » Yale Climate Connections|date = 17 August 2020}}

{{Weather box

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|location = Kebili (1981–2010, extremes 1988–2022)

|Jan record high C = 26.5

|Feb record high C = 34.3

|Mar record high C = 38.2

|Apr record high C = 40.1

|May record high C = 45.5

|Jun record high C = 48.1

|Jul record high C = 48.8

|Aug record high C = 48.5

|Sep record high C = 45.8

|Oct record high C = 41.2

|Nov record high C = 35.7

|Dec record high C = 28.9

|year record high C = 48.8

|Jan high C = 17.1

|Feb high C = 19.5

|Mar high C = 23.3

|Apr high C = 26.9

|May high C = 31.8

|Jun high C = 36.3

|Jul high C = 39.2

|Aug high C = 39.2

|Sep high C = 34.9

|Oct high C = 30.0

|Nov high C = 23.0

|Dec high C = 17.9

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 10.5

|Feb mean C = 12.5

|Mar mean C = 16.3

|Apr mean C = 19.9

|May mean C = 24.5

|Jun mean C = 28.6

|Jul mean C = 31.2

|Aug mean C = 31.5

|Sep mean C = 28.0

|Oct mean C = 23.2

|Nov mean C = 16.2

|Dec mean C = 11.3

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 4.6

|Feb low C = 5.9

|Mar low C = 9.8

|Apr low C = 13.4

|May low C = 17.7

|Jun low C = 21.6

|Jul low C = 23.9

|Aug low C = 24.7

|Sep low C = 22.0

|Oct low C = 17.2

|Nov low C = 10.0

|Dec low C = 5.3

|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -3.3

|Feb record low C = -4.5

|Mar record low C = -0.9

|Apr record low C = 2.8

|May record low C = 6.1

|Jun record low C = 13.7

|Jul record low C = 16.6

|Aug record low C = 16.2

|Sep record low C = 10.6

|Oct record low C = 5.3

|Nov record low C = -1.6

|Dec record low C = -4.5

|year record low C = -4.5

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 22.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 4.6

|Mar precipitation mm = 12.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 10.9

|May precipitation mm = 6.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 1.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 1.9

|Sep precipitation mm = 8.1

|Oct precipitation mm = 8.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 10.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 13.3

|year precipitation mm =

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 3.4

|Feb precipitation days = 1.7

|Mar precipitation days = 2.1

|Apr precipitation days = 1.2

|May precipitation days = 0.9

|Jun precipitation days = 0.2

|Jul precipitation days = 0.0

|Aug precipitation days = 0.4

|Sep precipitation days = 1.7

|Oct precipitation days = 1.2

|Nov precipitation days = 1.5

|Dec precipitation days = 2.0

|year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 68

|Feb humidity = 61

|Mar humidity = 56

|Apr humidity = 52

|May humidity = 53

|Jun humidity = 48

|Jul humidity = 47

|Aug humidity = 50

|Sep humidity = 51

|Oct humidity = 55

|Nov humidity = 62

|Dec humidity = 68

|year humidity =

|Jan sun = 212.9

|Feb sun = 226.4

|Mar sun = 244.5

|Apr sun = 251.0

|May sun = 277.0

|Jun sun = 307.5

|Jul sun = 323.7

|Aug sun = 306.2

|Sep sun = 249.0

|Oct sun = 236.1

|Nov sun = 217.3

|Dec sun = 203.6

|year sun =

|source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity 1961–1990){{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt

| archive-date = 19 December 2019

| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f

| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010

| publisher = Ministère du Transport

| language = fr

| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt

| archive-date = 21 December 2019

| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3

| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990

| publisher = Ministère du Transport

| language = fr

| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt

| archive-date = 21 December 2019

| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30

| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie

| publisher = Ministère du Transport

| language = fr

| access-date = 3 February 2020}}{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | title = Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60764&ano=2021&mes=8&day=9&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 |title=60764: Kebili (Tunisia) |author= |date= 8 August 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 8 August 2021|quote=}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60764&ano=2022&mes=6&day=28&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title= 60764: Kebili (Tunisia)|author= |date= 27 June 2022|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 3 July 2022|quote=}}{{refn|group=note|name=Station ID|The Station ID for Kebili is 66464111.{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=3 February 2020}}}}

}}

I love kebili sign.jpg

Kebili-Stat.JPG

Hôtel de ville de Kébili.jpg

Carrer de Kébili.jpg

Kebili.jpg

Entrée Oasis-Kebili.JPG

• Hend Sabry (born 1979), Tunisian actress, lawyer and ambassador to the World Food Programme

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Commons category|Kebili}}

• [http://lexicorient.com/tunisia/kebili.htm Lexicorient] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803095937/http://www.lexicorient.com/tunisia/kebili.htm |date=2020-08-03 }}
• [http://www.kebili.com/ Kebili Guide]
• [http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Africa/Tunisia/South/Kebili/ Collection of photos]

{{Communes of Tunisia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Kebili Governorate

Category:Oases of Tunisia

Category:Communes of Tunisia