Kedayan
{{Short description|Ethnic group in Borneo}}
{{Distinguish|Kendayan people}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Kedayan people
Kadayan / Kadaian / Kadyan
| image = 300px
| caption = Kadayan women, 1908. Note the light tunic with rows of buttons.
| population = Est. 240,000 in Borneo
| popplace = Borneo:
{{flag|Brunei}}
{{flag|Malaysia}} (Sabah, Sarawak & Federal Territory of Labuan)
| langs = Kedayan and Sabah Malay, Sarawak Malay, Standard Malay and English
| rels = File:Star and Crescent.svg Sunni Islam (majority)
| related = Bruneian Malay, Dusun (Brunei), Banjarese, Javanese, Lun Bawang/Lundayeh,
Other Indigenous peoples of Brunei
}}
The Kedayan (also known as Kadayan, Kadaian or Kadyan) are an ethnic group residing in Brunei, Federal Territory of Labuan, southwest of Sabah, and north of Sarawak on the island of Borneo.{{cite book|author1=Ahmad Ibrahim|author2=Sharon Siddique|author3=Yasmin Hussain|title=Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeDKqPTeHnUC&pg=PA312|year=1985|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=978-9971-988-08-1|pages=312–}}{{cite book|author=James Alexander|title=Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXaX4tUEOOsC&pg=PA367|year=2006|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn=978-1-86011-309-3|pages=367–}} According to the Language and Literature Bureau of Brunei, the Kedayan language (ISO 639-3: kxd) is spoken by about 30,000 people in Brunei,Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei (2006). Kamus Kedayan-Melayu Melayu-Kedayan. Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, p. xi. and it has been claimed that there are a further 46,500 speakers in Sabah and 37,000 in Sarawak.{{cite book|author=Shiv Shanker Tiwary & P.S. Choudhary|title=Encyclopedia Of Southeast Asia And Its Tribes (Set Of 3 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdEjAQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-261-3837-1}}{{cite book|author1=Michael Zanko|author2=Matt Ngui|title=The Handbook of Human Resource Management Policies and Practices in Asia-Pacific Economies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYtIpBhkkiIC&pg=PA10|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Edward Elgar Pub.|isbn=978-1-84064-751-8|pages=10–}}{{cite book|author=A. Suresh Canagarajah|title=Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7eQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA227|date=15 January 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-62351-7|pages=227–}} In Sabah, the Kedayan mainly live in the southern districts of Sipitang and Beaufort, where they are counted as a part of the local Malay populace (and they are often considered as Bruneians owing to assimilation as well as mixed marriage factors).{{cite book|author1=Julie K. King|author2=John Wayne King|title=Languages of Sabah: Survey Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4IOAAAAYAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University|isbn=978-0-85883-297-8}} Whilst in Sarawak, the Kedayans mostly reside in the towns of Lawas, Limbang and Miri (especially the Subis area).
History
The origins of the Kedayans are uncertain. Some of them believe their people were originally from Ponorogo, Java, which they left during the reign of Sultan Bolkiah. Because of his fame as a sea captain and voyager, the Sultan was well-known to the people of Java, Sumatra and the Philippines. It is believed that when the Sultan arrived to the island of Java, he became interested in the local agricultural techniques. He brought some of the Javanese farmers back to his country to spread their techniques. The farmers inter-married with the local Bruneian Malay people, giving birth to the Kedayan ethnicity. Most Kedayans have adopted Islam since the Islamic era of the Sultanate of Brunei. They have also adopted Malay culture. The Kedayans are recognized as one of the indigenous people of Borneo.{{cite book|author=Carl Skutsch|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA781|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-19388-1|pages=781–}} They are experts in making traditional medicines. The Kedayans are well known for their cultivation of medicinal plants, which they grow to treat a wide range of ailments and to make tonics.
The language of one of the indigenous tribes, the Banjar people in Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is said to share more than 90% of the vocabulary with the Kedayan language, despite the fact that the Banjarese do not refer to themselves as Kedayans.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}} Both the Kedayans and the Banjarese are related, to a certain extent, because of the similarities in their languages.{{cite book|author=Shiv Shanker Tiwary & Rajeev Kumar|title=Encyclopaedia of Southeast Asia and Its Tribes, Volume 1|year=2009|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-3837-1|pages=216}}
Language
The Kedayan language is similar to Brunei Malay, and it has been claimed that as many as 94% of the words in the two languages are cognate.Nothofer, B. (1991). The languages of Brunei Darussalam. In H. Steinhuaer (Ed.), Papers in Austronesian Linguistics (pp. 151–176). Canberra: Australian National University.
The main differences in pronunciation are that Kedayan has initial /h/ while Brunei Malay does not, so Kedayan hutan (forest) is utan in Brunei Malay;Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei (2011). Daftar Leksikal 7 Dialek. Berakas: Dewan dan Pustaka Brunei. and Kedayan does not have /r/, so Malay rumah (house) is umah in Kedayan.Faahirah, R., & Deterding, D. (2019). The pronunciation of Kedayan, South East Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 19, 78–85. [http://fass.ubd.edu.bn/research/kedayan/index.html On-line Version]
Notable people
= Brunei =
- Muslim Burut – Bruneian writer{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohd Yusof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbBkAAAAMAAJ&q=Muslim+Burut+Brunei |title=Novel Negara Brunei Darussalam, 1940-1992: suatu analisis kritis intrinsik-ekstrinsik |date=1998 |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan |isbn=978-99917-0-078-6 |pages=122 |language=ms}}
= Sabah =
- Sapawi Ahmad – former Malaysian federal representative for Sipitang constituency
- Dr. Yusof Yacob – former Sabah state minister and Malaysian federal representative for Sipitang constituency
- Pengiran Ahmad Raffae – the second of Governor of Sabah (also of mixed Bruneian descent)
- Datuk Seri Panglima Sr. Safar Untong – Sabah State Secretary since 2019, former Sabah Lands and Surveys Department director from 2014 to 2019
- Noki K-Clique — Sabah famous hip hop and rapper
=== Labuan ===
- Bashir Alias – Malaysian senator for Labuan
- Rozman Isli – former Malaysian member of parliament for Labuan from 2013 to 2022
- Yussof Mahal – former Malaysian member of parliament for Labuan from 2008 to 2013
= Sarawak =
- Awang Tengah Ali Hasan – Deputy Premier of Sarawak
- Ahmad Lai Bujang – former Malaysian federal representative for the Sibuti constituency
= Australia =
- Omar Musa - Malaysian-Australian author, poet, rapper and visual artist
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Kedayan people}}
{{Ethnic groups in Sabah}}
{{Ethnic groups in Brunei}}
{{Ethnic groups in Malaysia}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Society}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Ethnic groups in Brunei