Keijō nippō

Japan began moving to incorporate Korea as its protectorate in the 1900s,{{Sfn|Caprio|2011|pp=|p=5}} and began publishing newspapers that promoted these themes and advocated for further Japanese control. Japan's agenda was soon confronted by the English- and Korean-language newspaper The Korea Daily News, run by British journalist in Korea Ernest Bethell, which dodged Japanese censorship and criticized Japan's treatment of Korea sharply.{{Sfn|Caprio|2011|pp=5–6|p=}}{{Cite web |last=Neff |first=Robert |date=2 May 2010 |title=UK journalist Bethell established newspapers in 1904 |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/01/113_65191.html |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=The Korea Times |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126014921/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/01/113_65191.html |url-status=live }} In response, Japanese Resident-General of Korea Itō Hirobumi began issuing an English-language newspaper to counter Bethell's, entitled The Seoul Press. Japan also applied pressure on both Bethell and the British government to stop the newspaper's publication. Bethell died in 1909 after a years-long legal battle, and his newspaper was sold and converted into the Maeil sinbo, which promoted Japanese government lines.{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:매일신보 |trans-title=Maeil sinbo |url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0100&levelId=tg_004_1860&whereStr=@where+%7B+IDX_TITLE(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100000%7C0)+or+IDX_CONTENT(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100%7C0)+or+IDX_ALL(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C1%7C0)+%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126080654/http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0100&levelId=tg_004_1860&whereStr=%40where%20%7B%20IDX_TITLE%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100000%7C0%29%20or%20IDX_CONTENT%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100%7C0%29%20or%20IDX_ALL%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C1%7C0%29%20%7D |archive-date=2024-01-26 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=HistoryNet |publisher=National Institute of Korean History |language=ko}}

The Keijō nippō was formed via a merger between around seven{{Sfn|하|2017|p=167}} pro-Japanese newspapers in Korea, namely the Kanjō shinpō and Daitō shinpō. These two papers were acquired by the Japanese Resident-General of Korea in July and early August 1906.{{Sfn|하|2017|p=167}}{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:한성신보 |trans-title=Hansŏng sinbo |url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0100&levelId=tg_004_1310&whereStr=@where+%7B+IDX_TITLE(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100000%7C0)+or+IDX_CONTENT(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100%7C0)+or+IDX_ALL(HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C1%7C0)+%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126080655/http://contents.history.go.kr/front/tg/view.do?treeId=0100&levelId=tg_004_1310&whereStr=%40where+%7B+IDX_TITLE%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100000%7C0%29+or+IDX_CONTENT%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C100%7C0%29+or+IDX_ALL%28HASALL%7C%27%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%27%7C1%7C0%29+%7D |archive-date=2024-01-26 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=HistoryNet |publisher=National Institute of Korean History |language=ko}}{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:한성신보(漢城新報) |trans-title=Hansŏng sinbo |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0061738 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |publisher=Academy of Korean Studies |language=ko}} Resident-General Itō played a significant role in the Keijō nippō's creation, and even reportedly proposed the name of the paper.{{Cite web |last=정 |first=진석 |date=2020-08-02 |title= |script-title=ko:[제국의 황혼 '100년전 우리는'][169] '총독부의 2인자' 경성일보 사장 |trans-title=[Twilight of the Empire '100 Years Ago We Were...'][169] 'The Government-General's Second in Command' The President of the Keijō nippō |url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/04/26/2010042602718.html |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=The Chosun Ilbo |language=ko}} The name means "Daily Keijō". It is believed the paper was founded specifically to counter Bethell's papers.{{Sfn|Caprio|2011|pp=|p=14}}

The paper was approved for creation on August 10, 1906, and published its first issue on September 1 of that year.{{Cite web |title=Keijō nippō = The Keijo nippo |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/2005211658 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Library of Congress}}{{Cite book |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&setId=-1&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=oh&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&levelId=oh_020_0010_0010_0080&position=-1# |title= |title-link= |publisher=National Institute of Korean History |year=1981 |volume=20 |language=ko |script-title=ko:한국사 |trans-title=Korean History |chapter=其他 諸新聞 |trans-chapter=Other Newspapers (I)}} The original headquarters was located in what is now Pil-dong, on the north side of the mountain Namsan. Its first president was a former editor-in-chief of The Asahi Shimbun, Itō Yūkan ({{Langx|ja|伊東祐侃|label=none}}). It was initially published with both Japanese and Korean editions, but it stopped publishing Korean editions on either April 21 or September 21,{{Sfn|정|2013|p=49}} 1907 possibly due to a lack of public interest in the publication.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=49}} The newspaper's publication was temporarily restricted a number of times in 1908 because it published critically about Itō's handling of instability in the peninsula. The paper advocated for harsher crackdowns on militant unrest.{{Cite journal |last=Lone |first=Stewart |date=February 1991 |title=The Japanese Annexation of Korea 1910: The Failure of East Asian Co-Prosperity |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/japanese-annexation-of-korea-1910-the-failure-of-east-asian-coprosperity/A5A87B3DE10D88212511A3D76E3859AF |journal=Modern Asian Studies |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=153–154 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00015870 |issn=1469-8099}}

On August 30, 1910,{{Sfn|정|2013|p=50}} the Maeil sinbo and Keijō nippō were consolidated under a company Keijō Nippōsha (京城日報社), with the former's offices located inside the latter's headquarters. In 1910, the Keijō nippō was put under the management of Tokutomi Sohō. Tokutomi was president of the major Tokyo-based newspaper {{Ill|Kokumin shimbun|ja|國民新聞}}.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=50}}{{Sfn|Henry|2005|p=644}} He brought many of his trusted journalist friends to Seoul to work on the paper. The papers became so tied together, that journalists of Keijō nippō reportedly jokingly called their office the "branch office" and the Kokumin office "headquarters". The paper published along Japanese government lines, promoting the annexation and discouraging independence sentiment.{{Sfn|Henry|2005|p=644}}File:경성 사진엽서-경성일보사 (cropped).jpg.{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:경성 사진엽서-경성일보사 |trans-title=Keijō Photo Postcard–Keijō Nippōsha |url=https://museum.seoul.go.kr/www/relic/RelicView.do?mcsjgbnc=PS01003026001&mcseqno1=048143&mcseqno2=00000&cdLanguage=KOR#layer_download |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126093942/https://museum.seoul.go.kr/www/relic/RelicView.do?mcsjgbnc=PS01003026001&mcseqno1=048143&mcseqno2=00000&cdLanguage=KOR#layer_download |archive-date=January 26, 2024 |access-date=January 26, 2024 |website=Seoul History Archives |language=ko}}]]

In November 1914,{{Sfn|정|2013|p=51}} it moved headquarters to the current location of the Seoul City Hall.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=51}} Its headquarters was destroyed in a fire in 1923. The former location became the city hall, and the new headquarters finished construction on June 15, 1924 nearby, at what is today the location of the headquarters of the {{Ill|Korea Press Foundation|ko|한국언론재단}}.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=51}} The Seoul Press was integrated into the Keijō nippō in 1930.

World War II was a time of significant change for the media landscape in Korea. During this period, the Keijō nippō consolidated its position of prominence.{{Cite web |last1=정 |first1=진석 |last2=최 |first2=진우 |title= |script-title=ko:신문 (新聞) |trans-title=Newspapers |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0032944 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430021143/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0032944 |archive-date=2024-04-30 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |language=ko}}

On April 29, 1938, Maeil sinbo became independent from Keijō nippō.{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:서울신문 연혁 |trans-title=Seoul Shinmun Timeline |url=https://company.seoul.co.kr/index.php?category_code=001001003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126053603/https://company.seoul.co.kr/index.php?category_code=001001003 |archive-date=2024-01-26 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Seoul Shinmun |language=ko}} The two papers had long resented each other; staff of the more stable and profitable Keijō nippō reportedly felt that they were keeping Maeil sinbo financially afloat, and dubbed the Korean paper "The Cancer of the Keijō nippō ".{{Sfn|강|2019|p=212}} On that same day, the Keijō Nippōsha began publishing a Japanese-language daily newspaper for children called Keinichi shōgakkōsei shinbun (京日少學生新聞), which was renamed Keinichi shōkokumin shinbun (京日少國民新聞) from April 1942.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=53}}

A number of Japanese policies during this period made market conditions more favorable to the Keijō nippō. Education in the Korean language was banned, and the use of the Japanese language became required in a number of settings.{{Sfn|강|2019|p=214}} In 1940, the Japanese government began a policy that has been dubbed "One Province, One Company" ({{Langx|ja|1道1社|label=none}}), under which Japanese- and Korean-language newspapers were made to consolidate or close.{{Sfn|강|2019|pp=207–208}} The Chōsen shinbun was merged into the Keijō nippō.{{Cite web |last=이 |first=명숙 |title= |script-title=ko:조선신문[朝鮮新聞] |trans-title=Chōsen shinbun |url=https://nl.go.kr/newspaper/news_release.do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203020153/https://nl.go.kr/newspaper/news_release.do |archive-date=2024-02-03 |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Korean Newspaper Archive |language=ko}} Furthermore, the Korean newspapers The Chosun Ilbo and The Dong-A Ilbo were forced to close, and their printing equipment was transferred to the ownership of the Keijō nippō. By the time of Korea's 1945 liberation, the Keijō nippō was the only facility with significant printing equipment in Seoul. From 1942 to 1943, the newspaper's circulation increased by 200,000, and Koreans came to form 60% of the paper's customer base.{{Sfn|강|2019|pp=214–215}}

On August 15, 1945, Japan's loss in World War II was announced, which signaled the liberation of Korea. The Keijō nippō was informed of the announcement the evening prior, and had already prepared an article for the announcement. Shortly after the announcement, it published its article.{{Cite web |last=정 |first=진석 |date=2015-07-20 |script-title=ko:신문으로 보는 1945년 해방 前後의 한국 |trans-title=[70th Anniversary of the Liberation Special] Before and After Korea's 1945 Liberation, Seen Through Newspapers |url=http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=F&nNewsNumb=201508100021 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Monthly Chosun |language=ko |archive-date=2024-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215083107/http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=F&nNewsNumb=201508100021 |url-status=live }} Around this time, the newspaper company had around 2,000 employees, of which 100 were Korean. Its circulation was around 410,000 copies, and its Shōkokumin Shinbun had around 390,000 copies.{{Cite web |last=박 |first=인식 |date=2015-08-18 |title= |script-title=ko:식민지 조선내 최대 규모의 조선총독부 기관지 『경성일보』는 일제 패망 후 어떻게 되었나? |trans-title=What happened to Keijō nippō, the largest newspaper of the Government-General of Chōsen, after the fall of the Japanese Empire? |url=http://www.2000news.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=15956 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215055448/http://www.2000news.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=15956 |archive-date=2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=이천뉴스 |language=ko}} Its final president was {{Ill|Yokomizo Mitsuteru|ja|横溝光暉}}.

File:京城日報 横溝光暉 謄写版 1945-08-18.jpg

The Japanese colonial bureau of information instructed Yokomizo to continue publishing, in order to support the Japanese settlers still remaining in Korea. Korean employees of the paper requested that the paper be handed over to them on the 16th, and the Keijō nippō leadership refused. Korean workers went on strike; sand was thrown into the rotary press, which stopped the publication of the August 17 and 18 issues. On August 18, Yokomizo created a handmade mimeograph edition of the paper, in which he relayed orders from the colonial government to maintain public order. The newspaper's employees were paid a three-month salary in advance, in anticipation of further instability.

For months afterwards, the newspaper's monopoly over printing equipment became a topic of contention for Koreans. Korean employees and various left- and right-leaning Korean groups began advocating for seizing the newspaper's facilities. For example, the left-leaning {{Ill|Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence|ko|조선건국준비위원회}} made an attempt to seize the equipment. However, around 100 Japanese troops were stationed at the offices, which prevented any Korean seizures. A faction of left-leaning Korean employees split off and founded their own newspaper, {{Ill|Korean People's News|ko|조선인민보}} on September 8.{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:조선인민보 (朝鮮人民報) |trans-title=Korean People's News |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0052186 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215082352/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0052186 |archive-date=2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |language=ko}}File:경성일보 1945년 12월 11일자 (cropped).jpg

The United States Army Military Government in Korea placed Seoul and Korea below the 38th parallel into an occupation zone in early September.{{Cite web |last=Son |first=Se-il |author-link=Son Se-il |date=2010-03-29 |title=孫世一의 비교 評傳 (73) |trans-title=Son Sae-il's Comparative Critical Biography |url=http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=I&nNewsNumb=201004100072 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725043357/http://monthly.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?ctcd=I&nNewsNumb=201004100072 |archive-date=2023-07-25 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Monthly Chosun |language=ko}} They placed the Keijō nippō under their control on September 25.{{Sfn|강|2019|pp=|p=236}} The paper continued publishing for its Japanese audience until November 1, until they were ordered (Order no. 13,746) to hand over the operation to the Koreans. Still, the Koreans continued sharing information for Japanese people, in coordination with the {{Ill|Assistance Association for Japanese Residents in Seoul|ja|京城日本人世話会}}. The newspaper ceased publication on December 11, 1945.{{Sfn|정|2013|p=49}}

The Chosun Ilbo and The Dong-A Ilbo resumed publication and used the printing equipment. Its equipment was also used by the 1945–1950 newspaper Hanseong Ilbo ({{Korean|hangul=한성일보|hanja=漢城日報|labels=no}}).{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ko:한성일보 (漢城日報) |trans-title=Hanseong ilbo |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0061748 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215005758/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0061748 |archive-date=2024-02-15 |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |language=ko}}

How Koreans are described in the newspaper has often been described by modern scholars as condescending and discriminatory. Koreans who opposed Japanese policies were often described in the paper as backward "barbarians". They were frequently contrasted with the "civilized" Japanese settlers.{{Sfn|Henry|2016|p=|pp=38–39}} After the nationwide pro-independence March First Movement protests in Korea, the paper mocked the activists. It wrote in its March 7, 1919 edition that Koreans lacked an understanding of all the Japan had done for them, and that they were incapable of self-governance. An article read: "Koreans believe that after the President of the United States [Woodrow Wilson] established the League of Nations, even small and weak countries would avoid the domination of Great Powers, and be able to maintain their national independence. How foolish they are!" The writer concluded with "Ah, [you] pitiful Koreans! You are governed by evil thoughts... Awake! Awake! ...If you do not have an understanding of the situation of the world, you will be doomed to perish."{{Cite journal |last=Yoshiaki |first=Ishiguro |date=2004-03-30 |title=The Korean Student Movement in Japan and Japanese Anxiety, 1910—1923 |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390572176391011456 |journal=国際基督教大学学報 3-A,アジア文化研究 |language=en |volume=30 |pages=94–95 |doi=10.34577/00002705 |archive-date=2024-01-26 |access-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126091326/https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390572176391011456 |url-status=live }}

The newspaper published literature in its pages. According to the Korean Newspaper Archive, rather than simply print stories about people in Japan, it often printed stories about people in colonial Korea. The Keijō Nippōsha sponsored a number of cultural events, including concerts, film screenings, and lectures.

Of newspapers published in Korea, Keijō nippō had one of the largest circulations, even rivaling that of the native Korean newspaper The Dong-a Ilbo. However, it did not sell more than Japanese newspapers imported from Japan to Korea; for example, in 1929, the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun and {{Ill|Osaka Asahi Shimbun|ja|大阪朝日新聞}} sold 48,853 copies and 41,572 copies in Korea respectively, compared to the 26,352 of the Keijō nippō. The Keijō nippō worked to compete with the Japanese imports, but it struggled to do so; the paper was once criticized in a colonial government document as having lower quality journalism and being slower to print some stories than newspapers that were imported from Japan.

• 1906–1908 – Itō Yūkan (伊東祐侃)
• 1908–1910 – Ōoka Tsutomu (大岡力)
• 1910 – Tokutomi Sohō
• 1910–1914 – Yoshino Tazaemon (吉野太左衛門){{Cite web |title=吉野太左衛門 ( 吉野太左衛門 ) |trans-title=Yoshino Tazaemon |url=https://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?levelId=im_215_20691 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=National Institute of Korean History |language=ko}}
• 1915–1918 – Abe Mitsuie (阿部充家){{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=阿部充家関係文書 |trans-title=Documents relating to Abe Mitsuie |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/rnavi/kensei/abemitsuie |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=National Diet Library |language=ja}}
• 1918–1921 – Katō Fusazō (加藤房藏){{Cite web |title=京城日報 |trans-title=Keijō nippō |url=https://archive.history.go.kr/id/AJP021_01_04 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Archives of Korean History |publisher=National Institute of Korean History |language=ko}}
• 1921–1924 – Akizuki Satsuo
• 1924–1927 – {{Ill|Soejima Michimasa|ja|副島道正}}
• 1927–1931 – Matsuoka Masao (松岡正男)
• 1931–1932 – {{Ill|Ikeda Hideo|ja|池田秀雄 (衆議院議員)}}
• 1932–1936 – Tokizane Akiho (時實秋穗)
• 1936–1938 – Takada Tomoichirō (高田知一郞)
• 1938–1939 – {{Ill|Taguchi Sukeichi|ja|田口弼一}}
• 1939–1942 – Midarai Tatsuo (御手洗辰雄)
• 1942–1944 – {{Ill|Takamiya Taihei|ja|高宮太平}}
• 1944–1945 – {{Ill|Yokomizo Mitsuteru|ja|横溝光暉}}

• List of newspapers in Korea
• History of newspapers in Korea
• Korea under Japanese rule
• {{Cl|Japanese-language newspapers published in Korea}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=강 |first=준만 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CT-hDwAAQBAJ |script-title=ko:한국 언론사 |publisher=인물과사상사 |year=2019 |isbn=978-89-5906-530-1 |edition=Google Play, original pages view |language=ko |trans-title=History of the Korean Press}}
• {{Cite book |last=정 |first=진석 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQeOAwAAQBAJ |script-title=ko:한국 신문 역사 |publisher=커뮤니케이션북스 |year=2013 |isbn=9788966801848 |trans-title=The History of Korean Newspapers}}
• {{Cite book |last=하 |first=지연 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZc8DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%A0%EB%B3%B4%22&pg=PT166 |title= |script-title=ko:기쿠치 겐조, 한국사를 유린하다 |trans-title=Kikuchi Kenjō, Trampling Korean History |date=2017-09-25 |publisher=서해문집 |isbn=978-89-7483-874-4 |language=ko}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Caprio |first=Mark E. |date=2011 |title=Marketing Assimilation: The Press and the Formation of the Japanese-Korean Colonial Relationship |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490268 |journal=The Journal of Korean Studies |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1353/jks.2011.0006 |jstor=41490268 |issn=0731-1613}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Henry |first=Todd A. |date=2005 |title=Sanitizing Empire: Japanese Articulations of Korean Otherness and the Construction of Early Colonial Seoul, 1905-1919 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25075828 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=639–675 |doi=10.1017/S0021911805001531 |jstor=25075828 |issn=0021-9118}}
• {{Cite book |last=Henry |first=Todd A. |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520293151/assimilating-seoul |title=Assimilating Seoul: Japanese Rule and the Politics of Public Space in Colonial Korea, 1910–1945 |date=October 2016 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-29315-1 |language=en}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Keijo Nippo}}
• [https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=cl&cl=CL1&l=ja&sp=kjn The Hoover Institute's partial collection]
• [https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A%22%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E7%A4%BE%22 Copies on Archive.org]

Category:Newspapers published in Korea under Japanese rule

Category:Newspapers established in 1906

Category:Newspapers disestablished in 1945

Category:Japanese-language newspapers published in Korea

Category:Newspapers published in the Korean Empire

Category:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan

Category:Defunct Japanese-language newspapers

Category:1906 establishments in Korea

Category:1945 disestablishments in Korea

Category:Keijō

Category:Government-General of Chōsen

Category:Government gazettes