Keith Holyoake#Arms

Holyoake was born at Mangamutu, a short distance from Pahiatua, a town in New Zealand's Wairarapa region, the son of Henry Victor Holyoake and Esther Eves.{{DNZB|last=Wood|first=G. A.|id=5H33|title=Holyoake, Keith Jacka|access-date=30 October 2012}} Keith Holyoake's great-grandparents, Richard and Eliza Holyoake, settled at Riwaka near Motueka in 1843, and his maternal great-grandparents, William and Sarah Eves, arrived in Nelson in 1842.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007|pp=2}} Relatives of the 19th-century secularist George Holyoake,{{cite web |url=http://satrs.org.nz/assets/Uploads/Documents/Booklets/In-Praise-of-the-Secular-part-3-The-Value-of-Being-Secular.pdf |title=In praise of the secular, part 3 of 4: The value of being secular |access-date=21 April 2015 |first=Lloyd |last=Geering |author-link=Lloyd Geering |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131111545/http://satrs.org.nz/assets/Uploads/Documents/Booklets/In-Praise-of-the-Secular-part-3-The-Value-of-Being-Secular.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=dead }} the Holyoakes ran a small general store at Mangamutu, and then lived for a time in both Hastings and Tauranga, before settling on the family farm at Riwaka, following the death of Keith's grandfather in 1913.

Holyoake was raised in the Plymouth Brethren church, and his social life as a child was very restricted.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007|pp=2}} From the age of 12, having left school after his father's death, Holyoake worked on the family hop and tobacco farm in Riwaka. His mother had trained as a school teacher, and continued his education at home. After taking over the management of the farm, he became involved in various local farming associations, something that increased his interest in politics.

File:Keith Holyoake (1933).jpg

{{NZ parlbox header|nolist=true|align=left}}

{{NZ parlbox |start={{By-election link year|Motueka|1932}} |end=1935 |term=24th |electorate=Motueka |party=Reform Party (New Zealand)}}

{{NZ parlbox |start={{NZ election link year|1935}} |end=1936 |term=25th |electorate=Motueka |party=Reform Party (New Zealand)}}

{{NZ parlbox allegiance |start=1936 |end=1938 |party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox break}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1943}} |end=1946 |term=27th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1946}} |end=1949 |term=28th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1949}} |end=1951 |term=29th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1951}} |end=1954 |term=30th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1954}} |end=1957 |term=31st |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1957}} |end=1960 |term=32nd |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1960}} |end=1963 |term=33rd |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1963}} |end=1966 |term=34th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1966}} |end=1969 |term=35th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1969}} |end=1972 |term=36th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1972}} |end=1975 |term=37th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1975}} |end=1977 |term=38th |electorate=Pahiatua|party=New Zealand National Party}}

{{End}}

The Reform Party, which had strong rural support, selected Holyoake as its candidate for the Motueka seat in the {{NZ election link|1931}}. The incumbent MP, George Black, held the seat, but died the following year. Holyoake was the Reform Party's candidate in the resulting by-election in 1932, and was successful. He became the youngest Member of Parliament at the time, at the age of 28. In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.{{cite news | url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19350506.2.12 | title=Official jubilee medals | date=6 May 1935 |volume=CXIX |issue=105 | work=The Evening Post | access-date=13 August 2013 | page=4 }}

In the {{NZ election link|1935}}, Holyoake retained his seat under the motto "Follow England and Vote Holyoake" despite a massive swing against the United–Reform Coalition. In the aftermath of this election, he played a key role in transforming the coalition into the modern National Party. He very quickly gained considerable respect from his colleagues, and was regarded as a rising star in the new party. The 1937 electoral redistribution was unfavourable for him and, when the boundary changes applied at the {{NZ election link|1938}}, Holyoake lost his seat to a rising star of the governing Labour Party, Jerry Skinner.{{sfn|Gustafson|1986|p=32}} Holyoake had been discussed as a possible successor to the party's conscientious but lack-lustre leader, Adam Hamilton but, because Holyoake was no longer an MP, that ceased to be an option.{{sfn|Gustafson|1986|pp=32f}}

In 1943, Holyoake returned to Parliament as MP for Pahiatua, having been lined up by National for that nomination. In 1946, he became the party's deputy Leader.{{cite book|last1=Riches|first1=Christopher|last2=Kavanagh|first2=Dennis|title=A Dictionary of Political Biography|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780192518439|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QlExDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT406|page=406|language=en}}

When National won the {{NZ election link|1949}} and formed the First National Government, new Prime Minister Sidney Holland appointed Holyoake as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Agriculture. Holyoake was also for a year (1949–50) Minister for Scientific and Industrial Research, and was Minister of Marketing until the department was abolished in 1953.

As Minister of Agriculture for eight years Holyoake enhanced his reputation as a level-headed good administrator. Farm mechanisation was encouraged, the "extermination policy" achieved nearly eliminated the rabbit pest. Dismantling of marketing producer controls was completed.

Holyoake twice went to London to re-negotiate price levels on meat and wool products, and in 1955 attended the Food and Agriculture Organization conference in Rome. On his return to New Zealand he visited India and the Soviet Union to seek alternative markets for New Zealand, although his trip bore little fruit. In 1957, he led a delegation seeking to protect New Zealand's access to the British market, without notable success.

As Deputy leader of the National Party, Holyoake was acting prime minister whenever Holland was overseas. In recognition of that, he was made a member of the Privy Council in 1954. After the {{NZ election link|1954}}, Holland made him the first person to be formally appointed Deputy Prime Minister.

In 1953, in partnership with his friend Theodore Nisbet Gibbs and Gibbs' son Ian, Holyoake purchased a block of land on the northern shore of Lake Taupō from Ian's employer. The land, which had previously been purchased from Ngāti Tūwharetoa iwi in 1884, was a block of 5,385 acres largely covered in scrub and fern.{{cite journal |last1=Hamer |first1=Paul |title=Kiwi Keith and Kinloch: A closer look at Holyoake's 'Proudest Achievement' |journal=New Zealand Journal of History |date=2010 |volume=44 |issue=22 |pages=157–173 |url=http://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/2010/NZJH_44_2_03.pdf |accessdate=9 October 2020}} Holyoake and Gibbs subsequently developed the land into a town called Kinloch, which became a holiday destination. On his deathbed, Holyoake said that Kinloch was his proudest achievement.

File:Nash & Holyoake 1957.jpg on Labour's victory in the 1957 election]]

Holyoake became Prime Minister two months before the {{NZ election link|1957}}, when incumbent Prime Minister Sidney Holland retired due to ill-health. Holland had been in declining health since 1954, and had never recovered from a mild heart attack or stroke in 1956. Holyoake also became Minister of Māori Affairs on the retirement of Ernest Corbett.

Holyoake had little time to establish himself, and lost to the Walter Nash-led Labour Party by a margin of two seats. Holyoake became Leader of the Opposition for the next three years.

File:Prime Minister-elect Keith Holyoake leaves Parliament Buildings.jpg staff photographer.]]

In the {{NZ election link|1960}}, the National Party returned to power and formed the Second National Government. Historians attribute the victory to Holyoake's skilful campaigning, particularly his attacks on Minister of Finance Arnold Nordmeyer's so-called "Black Budget" of 1958, which had increased taxes on petrol, cigarettes and liquor. He also served as his own Minister of Foreign Affairs.

The Holyoake government implemented numerous reforms of the public services and government institutions: for example, it created the Office of the Ombudsman and numerous quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations, and strengthened parliamentary scrutiny of the executive. Public broadcasting was removed from direct government oversight and placed under corporation control.{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Debates; Volume 349|date=1966|publisher=New Zealand Parliament|location=House of Representatives|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHMeF5G0HF0C&pg=PA3029|language=en}} Holyoake's government rewrote the criminal legal code, passing the Crimes Act 1961; the Act abolished capital punishment, though only ten National MPs voted for its abolition.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007}} In 1969, the Security Intelligence Service (SIS) was formally acknowledged to exist, and its minister, the prime minister, publicly acknowledged. That same year the New Zealand Parliament passed an Act covering the agency's functions and responsibilities: the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service Act.{{cite web | url= http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1969/0024/latest/whole.html |title= New Zealand Security Intelligence Service Act 1969 No 24 (as at 13 July 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |work= legislation.govt.nz |year= 2011 |quote= The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service to which this Act applies is hereby declared to be the same Service as the Service known as the New Zealand Security Service which was established on 28 November 1956. |access-date= 16 September 2011}}

In 1960, the Holyoake government published the "Hunn Report", a wide-ranging summary of Māori assets, and the state of Māori in New Zealand at the time.{{cite web|title=The Hunn Report {{!}} NZETC|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-HilMaor-t1-body-d5-d2.html|website=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz|access-date=4 September 2017}} The report was a damning indictment of past governments' neglect of Māori within society, and Holyoake endeavoured to act on its findings. By embracing the No Maoris – No Tour cause, Holyoake ended the practice of an apartheid sporting body dictating the racial composition of New Zealand rugby teams touring in South Africa.{{cite web|title='Politics and sport don't mix'|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1981-springbok-tour/politics-and-sport|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=4 September 2017}} In a 1966 speech directed at the South African authorities, Holyoake delicately defended the principle of racial equality, stating "in this country we are one people; as such we cannot as a nation be truly represented in any sphere by a group chosen on racial lines".{{cite book|last1=Richards|first1=Trevor Lawson|title=Dancing on Our Bones: New Zealand, South Africa, Rugby and Racism|date=1999|publisher=Bridget Williams Books|isbn=9781877242007|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxVl15JJnSMC&pg=PA34|language=en}}

Holyoake accepted the post-war political consensus; he believed in the necessity of a mixed economy, championing a Keynesian strategy of public investment to maintain demand. However, as an anti-socialist,{{sfn|Gustafson|2007}} Holyoake sought to reduce the role of trade unions in industrial relations. The National government introduced a form of voluntary unionism,{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Debates, Volume 329|publisher=New Zealand Parliament|page=3683|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppQLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA3683}} though the majority of industrial workplaces remained unionised; the policy was hotly debated within caucus, with Holyoake's deputy, Jack Marshall, and Tom Shand, favouring the retention of compulsory unionism.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007|p=152}} His government's industrial policy brought Holyoake into conflict with union leaders, such as Fintan Patrick Walsh.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007|p=97}}

Holyoake's government was comfortably re-elected for a second consecutive term in 1963. Holyoake's second term featured by a long period of prosperity and economic expansion. However, moves by the United Kingdom to join the European Economic Community challenged his government. Holyoake deliberately played down the issue, and chose not to vocally oppose British membership of the EEC. A significant step towards diversification was a limited free trade agreement with Australia, negotiated in 1965 by Holyoake's minister of overseas trade, Jack Marshall, who later also negotiated the terms of the arrangements for New Zealand under which Britain joined the EEC.

File:CongressBuilding SEATO.jpg allies, outside the Old Legislative Building in Manila, Philippines on 24 October 1966.]]

More controversial were the Holyoake government's relations with the United States at the start of the Vietnam War. The National government's initial response was carefully considered and characterised by Holyoake's cautiousness towards the entire Vietnam question. The fundamental issues, Holyoake said, were simple: "Whose will is to prevail in South Vietnam the imposed will of the North Vietnamese communists and their agents, or the freely expressed will of the people of South Vietnam?"{{cite book|last1=Larsen|first1=Lieutenant General Stanley Robert|title=Vietnam Studies – Allied Participation in Vietnam [Illustrated Edition]|date=2014|publisher=Pickle Partners Publishing|isbn=9781782893714|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=on9vCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|language=en}} His government preferred minimal involvement, with other South East Asian deployments already having a strain on the New Zealand Defence Force. New Zealand's alliance with the United States was an issue in the {{NZ election link|1966}}, which the National Party won on the back of.

Beginning in mid-1960s, the New Zealand government protested against French nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific region.{{cite web|title=Nuclear testing in the Pacific|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/nuclear-free-new-zealand/testing-in-the-pacific|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=4 September 2017|date=3 July 2017}} In 1963, Holyoake announced the policy of banning the storage or testing of nuclear weapons within New Zealand territory.

As the prime minister during the Apollo 11 Moon landing, he contributed to messages from 73 world leaders that were etched into a silicon disk left on the surface of the Moon. The disk was left in the Sea of Tranquility by Buzz Aldrin.{{cite press release|url=https://history.nasa.gov/ap11-35ann/goodwill/Apollo_11_material.pdf|title=Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages|date=13 July 1969|publisher=NASA|id=69-83F|page=28}}

Holyoake led his party to a narrow and unexpected victory in the {{NZ election link|1969}}. Two years prior Holyoake appointed a rising backbencher, Robert Muldoon as Minister of Finance in 1967, although ranked him lowly in his Cabinet. In response to falling wool prices and balance of payment problems, Muldoon introduced mini-budgets with Holyoake's approval.

File:Keith Holyoake 1971 (cropped).jpg

The National government was humiliated in early 1970 in a disastrous by-election for the once-safe National seat of Marlborough, triggered by the death of longtime minister Tom Shand. Having already received the customary appointment as Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Holyoake was knighted as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1970 Queen's Birthday Honours.{{London Gazette |issue=45119 |date=5 June 1970 |page=6405 |supp=3}} Political commentators speculated about when Holyoake would retire, and by the early 1970s his closest allies, including Jack Marshall, were privately encouraging him to step down. The government was increasingly perceived as careworn and unfocused—two of its strongest ministers, Shand and Ralph Hanan, had died in 1969, and the party caucus was increasingly divided. After more than a decade in power and almost four decades in Parliament, Holyoake's dogged conservatism appeared out of touch with an increasingly liberal society.{{sfn|Gustafson|2007}} It was not until 1972, just before a statutory general election, that he finally resigned. By then, he had become the senior statesman of the Commonwealth. Marshall succeeded him in the ensuing leadership ballot, and Holyoake remained in Cabinet as Minister of Foreign Affairs until National lost office at the end of the year.

{{Conservatism New Zealand|expand=figures}}

When National under Marshall was defeated at the {{NZ election link|1972}}, Holyoake remained prominent in opposition. Marshall retained him on the frontbench and appointed him Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs.{{Cite news |title=Marshall lines up his men |date=2 February 1973 |work=Auckland Star |page=2 }} He became doubtful of Marshall's chance to regain government with time and threw his influence with the caucus behind Marshall's deputy Muldoon. In 1974 Marshall resigned as leader after realising that many of his colleagues (including Holyoake) no longer had confidence in him and Muldoon was elected in his place.{{sfn|Gustafson|2000|p=144}} Holyoake played an active part in the campaign for the {{NZ election link|1975}}, which saw National regain power again under Muldoon. Muldoon appointed Holyoake to the specially-created sinecure of Minister of State.

File:KeithHolyoakeStatue.jpg, Molesworth Street, Wellington]]

In 1977, Holyoake was unexpectedly and controversially appointed Governor-General of New Zealand by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of the then Prime Minister Robert Muldoon. The announcement was made by the Queen at the end of her tour of New Zealand on 7 March 1977, from the Royal Yacht HMY Britannia in Lyttelton Harbour.{{sfn|McLean|2006|p=297}}

This choice was deemed controversial by some, as Holyoake was a sitting Cabinet minister and a former prime minister. Many opponents of Muldoon's government claimed that it was a political appointment. The Leader of the Opposition, Bill Rowling (himself a former prime minister) stated that he would remove Holyoake as governor-general if the Labour Party won the {{NZ election link|1978}},{{sfn|McLean|2006|p=299}} and openly suggested that he would have appointed Sir Edmund Hillary as governor-general.Rowling: The man and the myth by John Henderson, Australia New Zealand Press, 1980. That suggestion was, in turn, criticised by the government, as Hillary had backed Labour in 1975 as part of the "Citizens for Rowling" campaign.{{cite book|author=Ross Doughty|title=The Holyoake years|publisher=Feilding|year=1977}}

As a result of the appointment, Holyoake resigned from Parliament, leading to the Pahiatua by-election of 1977. He was succeeded from his seat by John Falloon.

Holyoake's conduct while in office, however, was acknowledged to be fair and balanced. In particular, Holyoake refused to comment on the 1978 general election, which gave Labour a narrow plurality of votes but a majority of seats in parliament to National.{{sfn|McLean|2006|p=301}} Social Credit leader Bruce Beetham said Holyoake as governor-general had "...a scrupulous impartiality that confounded the critics of his appointment". His term as governor-general was only for three years, on account of his age. Usually, governors-general serve for five years, but Holyoake was the oldest governor-general to date (at 73 years old). His term ended in 1980.{{sfn|McLean|2006|p=303}}

Holyoake twice married Norma Janet Ingram: first in a civil ceremony on 24 September 1934, and again on 11 January 1935 at their Presbyterian church in Motueka. The couple had five children: two sons and three daughters.{{cite web|last1=Wood|first1=G. A.|title=Holyoake, Keith Jacka|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5h33/holyoake-keith-jacka|publisher=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography|access-date=23 February 2018|date=2000}} His daughter Diane married National MP Ken Comber.{{sfn|Gustafson|1986|p=304}} In the 1980 Queen's Birthday Honours, Norma, Lady Holyoake, was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George, for public services since 1935.{{London Gazette |issue=48214 |date=14 June 1980 |page=39 |supp=3}}

Holyoake also had a very close and somewhat paternalistic friendship with Marilyn Waring, National's youngest female MP during her tenure. Holyoake cared for her deeply. They first met in 1974 when she, annoyed by the refusal of Labour Prime Minister, Norman Kirk, to support National MP Venn Young's bill to decriminalise homosexuality, joined the National Party. She quickly entered the Opposition Research Unit as a part-time advisor under George Gair, the Shadow Minister of Housing. At age 22, she expressed some interest in standing for the party in the seat of Raglan, a very safe National seat that contained her hometown of Huntly. Holyoake, so overjoyed that a woman was willing to run for National in a safe "blue" seat, personally arrived within the hour to Parliament House and offered her the selection without even formally introducing himself.{{Cite web |last=Waring |first=Marilyn |date=11 May 2019 |title=How Marilyn Waring became an MP aged 23 |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/books/11-05-2019/extract-the-political-years-by-marilyn-waring |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=The Spinoff}} The two thereafter became very close, to the extent that on one occasion she kissed Holyoake on the lips in front of cameras.{{Cite web |last=Screen |first=NZ On |title=Encounter - Take a Girl like You {{!}} Television {{!}} NZ On Screen |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/encounter-take-a-girl-like-you |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=www.nzonscreen.com |language=en}} She is thought to have helped soften Holyoake's ambivalent views on LGBT rights. After she was involuntarily outed by the New Zealand Truth in 1978, Holyoake worked with Prime Minister, Robert Muldoon, to quickly downplay the tabloid reports and to protect their friend.{{sfn|Gustafson|2000|p=196}}

Holyoake died on 8 December 1983, aged 79, in Wellington. His state funeral took place on 13 December 1983 in Wellington Cathedral of St Paul.{{cite web|title=The state funeral of the Right Honourable Sir Keith Holyoake, Tuesday, 13 December 1983, 11 a.m., Wellington Cathedral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMJYNQEACAAJ|access-date=23 February 2018|language=en|date=1983}}

• Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC), 1954 New Years Honours List
• Freeman of the City of London
• Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
• Doctor of Laws (Agric), Honoris Causa, Seoul National University, South Korea
• Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH), 1963 New Year Honours List
• Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG), 1970
• Companion of the Queen's Service Order
• Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter (KG), 1980

{{Infobox COA wide

| name = Sir Keith Holyoake, KG, GCMG, CH, QSO, KStJ, PC

| image = File:Coat of Arms of Sir Keith Holyoake, KG, GCMG, CH, QSO, KStJ, PC.png

| imagesize = 250px

| coronet =

| bannerimage =

| badgeimage =

| notes = The arms of Keith Holyoake consist of:{{cite web |title=Armorial Bearings, Sir Keith Holyoake |url=https://collection.nelsonmuseum.co.nz/objects/27260/armorial-bearings-sir-keith-holyoake |website=Nelson Provincial Museum |access-date=21 September 2023 |language=en}}

| crest = A Kiwi supporting with the dexter claw a Māori whale-bone patu-parāoa proper ensigned by a representation of the Royal Crown.

| torse =

| helm =

| escutcheon = Per pale Or and Gules, on a Mount in base Counterchanged a Holly Tree Gules fructed Or dimidiating an Oak Tree Or fructed Gules, two apples slipped in chief and a like apple in base all Counterchanged.

| supporters = On the dexter side an Aberdeen Angus Bull supporting a Mace representing that of the New Zealand House of Representatives, and on the sinister side a Coopworth Ram supporting a Black Rod representing that of the New Zealand Parliament, all proper.

| compartment =

| motto = BE ZEALOUS COMPASSIONATE AND LOYAL

| orders = Order of the Garter; Order of St Michael and St George

| other_elements =

| banner =

| symbolism =

| previous_versions =

}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last=Gustafson |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Gustafson |title=The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party |year=1986 |publisher=Reed Methuen |location=Auckland |isbn=0-474-00177-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OAjAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}
• {{cite book |last=Gustafson |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Gustafson |title=His Way: A Biography of Robert Muldoon |year=2000 |publisher=Auckland University Press |location=Auckland |isbn=978-1-86940-236-5 }}
• {{cite book |last=Gustafson |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Gustafson |title=Kiwi Keith: a biography of Keith Holyoake |year=2007 |publisher=Auckland University Press |location=Auckland |isbn=978-1-86940-400-0 }}
• {{cite book |first=Gavin |last=McLean |title=The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General|publisher=Otago University Press|location=Dunedin|date=November 2006|isbn=1-877372-25-0}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.gg.govt.nz/node/1362 Governor-General's website profile]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209225010/http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/H/HolyoakeRightHonKeithJackaCh/HolyoakeRightHonKeithJackaCh/en Biography in 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]

{{s-start}}

{{s-par|nz}}

{{s-bef|before=George Black}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Motueka|years=1932–1938}}

{{s-aft|after=Jerry Skinner}}

|-

{{s-new|constituency}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Pahiatua|years=1943–1977}}

{{s-aft|after=John Falloon}}

{{S-gov}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Sidney Holland}}

{{s-ttl|title=Prime Minister of New Zealand|years=1957
1960–1972|rows=2}}

{{s-aft|after=Walter Nash}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Walter Nash}}

{{s-aft|after=Jack Marshall|rows=2}}

|-

{{s-new}}

{{s-ttl|title=Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand|years=1949–1957}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Sir Denis Blundell}}

{{s-ttl|title=Governor-General of New Zealand|years=1977–1980}}

{{s-aft|after=Sir David Beattie}}

{{s-end}}

{{New Zealand prime ministers}}

{{Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand}}

{{Governors-General of New Zealand}}

{{NZ National Party}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holyoake, Keith}}

Category:1904 births

Category:1983 deaths

Category:New Zealand anti-communists

Category:Companions of the Queen's Service Order

Category:Governors-general of New Zealand

Category:New Zealand Knights of the Garter

Category:New Zealand Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour

Category:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John

Category:New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Category:20th-century New Zealand farmers

Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of New Zealand

Category:New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

Category:New Zealand National Party MPs

Category:Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs

Category:New Zealand National Party leaders

Category:People from Pahiatua

Category:People of the Vietnam War

Category:Prime ministers of New Zealand

Category:20th-century prime ministers of New Zealand

Category:Leaders of the opposition (New Zealand)

Category:Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand

Category:Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives

Category:New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates

Category:New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates

Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1938 New Zealand general election

Category:Unsuccessful candidates in the 1931 New Zealand general election

Category:Ministers of agriculture of New Zealand