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Kennedy family#Family tree

{{short description|American political family}}

{{about|the American political family|the fictional family|Kennedy family (Neighbours){{!}}Kennedy family (Neighbours)}}

{{redirect|Kennedys|the law firm|Kennedys Law|other people named "Kennedy"|Kennedy (surname)}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox family

| name = Kennedy family

| native_name = Ó Cinnéide

| native_name_lang = Irish

| type = American political family

| image = {{multiple image |border=infobox |align=center

|direction=horizontal

|image1=PJ Kennedy (cropped)(b).jpg

|width1=80

|caption1=Patrick Joseph Kennedy

|image2=Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. 1938 (cropped) (b).jpg

|width2=88

|caption2=Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr.

|image3=John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait (3x4) (cropped).jpg

|width3=87

|caption3=John F. Kennedy

}}

| parent_family = O'Kennedy

| country = Dunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_4461000/4461115.stm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803125829/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_4461000/4461115.stm | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 3, 2016 | title=1963: Warm welcome for JFK in Ireland | date=June 27, 1963 | work=BBC News | access-date=January 4, 2021 }}

| region = United States

| founded = {{unbulleted list|Arrival in the United States
1849, Boston|{{Time ago|1849}}}}

| founder = Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)

| current_head =

| titles = {{Collapsible list

| President of the United States

| First Lady of the United States

| United States Attorney General

| United States Secretary of Health and Human Services

| United States Ambassador (to Australia, Austria, France, Ireland, Japan, and the United Kingdom)

| United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland

| United States Senator (Massachusetts, New York)

| United States Congressman (Massachusetts, Rhode Island)

| Lieutenant Governor of Maryland

| State senator (Connecticut, Massachusetts)

| State representative (Maryland, Massachusetts)

| Mayor (Santa Monica, California)

| Papal Countess of the Holy Roman Church

| Marchioness of Hartington

}}

| estate = {{Collapsible list

| 83 Beals Street (Brookline, Massachusetts)

| Kennedy Compound (Hyannis Port, Massachusetts)

| Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)

| La Querida (Palm Beach, Florida)

| Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)

}}

}}

The Kennedy family ({{langx|ga|Ó Cinnéide}}) is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics, public service, entertainment, and business. In 1884, 35 years after the family's arrival from County Wexford, Ireland, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy became the first Kennedy elected to public office, serving in the Massachusetts state legislature until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member was serving in federal elective office in every year from 1947, when P. J. Kennedy's grandson John F. Kennedy became a member of Congress from Massachusetts, until 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy II (John's nephew) retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island.{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/rhode_island/articles/2010/02/13/pondering_a_congress_without_kennedys/|title=Pondering a Congress without Kennedys|last=Levenson|first=Michael|date=February 13, 2010|newspaper=The Boston Globe}}

P. J.'s son Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and his wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, had nine children, including John F. Kennedy, who served in both houses of the United States Congress and as U.S. President; Robert F. Kennedy, who served as U.S. Attorney General and as a U.S. Senator; Ted Kennedy, who served more than 46 years in the U.S. Senate; and Jean Kennedy Smith, who served U.S. ambassador to Ireland. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. serves as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in the cabinet of the second presidency of Donald Trump.

Other Kennedy descendants include members of the U.S. House of Representatives, two U.S. ambassadors, one U.S. envoy, a lieutenant governor, three state legislators (one of whom also served in the U.S. House of Representatives), and one mayor. Joseph and Rose's daughter Eunice played a vital role in establishing the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (part of the National Institutes of Health) and the Special Olympics. Other descendants of Joseph and Rose Kennedy have been lawyers, authors, and activists on behalf of those with physical and intellectual disabilities.

History

According to genealogist Brian Kennedy in his work JFK's Irish O'Kennedy Ancestors, the Kennedys—who would go on to play a significant role in the United States of America—originated from an Irish clan called Ó Cinnéide Fionn (which, along with the Ó Cinnéide Donn and Ó Cinnéide Ruadh, were the three Irish Gaelic Ó Cinnéide clans who ruled the Kingdom of Ormond). In 1546, their progenitor Diarmaid Ó Cinnéide Fionn became the owner of Knigh Castle, located close to what is today Puckane, County Tipperary. In 1740, having lost out to the New English order in the Kingdom of Ireland, they moved to Dunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford. Patrick Kennedy was born there.

Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) and Bridget Murphy (1824–1888) sailed from Ireland to East Boston in 1849. Patrick worked in East Boston as a barrel maker, or cooper,{{cite book |title=The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings |first=Thomas |last=Maier |publisher=Basic Books |year=2003 |page={{page needed|date=April 2015}} |isbn=978-0-465-04317-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/kennedysamericas00maie_0 }} and had five children with Bridget. Their youngest, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy, went into business and served in the Massachusetts state legislature from 1884 to 1895. His wife's brother, Charles Hickey, served as mayor of Brockton, Massachusetts.

P.J. and his wife, Mary Augusta Hickey, had four children. Their oldest was Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr.,[http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/The-Kennedy-Family.aspx The Kennedy Family] The JFK Library, accessed February 10, 2016 a businessman who amassed a private fortune in banking and securities trading, which he further expanded by investing in filmmaking and real estate. He also founded Somerset Importers and owned Chicago's Merchandise Mart.

In 1914, Joseph Sr. married Rose Fitzgerald,{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3462557/kennedy-wedding/|title=The Wedding That Changed American History|magazine=Time|date=October 7, 2014 |last=Graham |first=James}} the eldest daughter of John F. "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, who served six years as mayor of Boston and six years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.{{cite web |url=https://www.boston.com/news/history/2017/05/17/meet-honey-fitz-the-pixielike-mayor-of-boston-and-jfks-grandfather |title=Meet Honey Fitz: The 'pixie like' mayor of Boston (and JFK's grandfather) |date=May 17, 2017 |work=Boston.com |last=DeCosta-Klipa |first=Nik}} The couple had nine children: Joseph Jr. (1915–1944), John (called Jack) (1917–1963), Rose Marie (called Rosemary) (1918–2005), Kathleen (called Kick) (1920–1948), Eunice (1921–2009), Patricia (1924–2006), Robert (called Bobby) (1925–1968), Jean (1928–2020) and Edward (called Ted) (1932–2009).

Joseph Sr. was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), chairman of the Maritime Commission, and U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1940. He served from 1947 to 1949 on The Hoover Commission (the "Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government"), which was appointed by President Harry Truman to recommend administrative changes in the federal government. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was named Papal Countess of the Holy Roman Church by Pope Pius XII in 1951 in recognition of her "exemplary motherhood and many charitable works."{{cite web | url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/The-Kennedy-Family/Rose-Fitzgerald-Kennedy.aspx |title = Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy | JFK Library}}

Continued public service

File:TheKennedyFamily1.jpg and Rose Kennedy with their children at the Kennedy Compound in 1931.]]

Every Kennedy elected to public office has served as a Democrat, while other members of the family have worked for the party or held Cabinet posts in Democratic administrations. Many have attended Harvard University, and the family has contributed greatly to that university's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Joseph Sr. expected his eldest son, Joseph Jr., to go into politics and to ultimately be elected president. Joseph Jr. was elected as a Massachusetts delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention and enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the United States entered World War II. He was killed in 1944 when the bomber he was piloting exploded in flight. Joseph Sr.'s desire to see the family involved in politics and government then focused on John, who had considered a career as a journalist, having authored a book (Why England Slept) and done some reporting for Hearst Newspapers. After returning from Navy service, John served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 11th congressional district from 1947 to 1953, and then as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. In the 1960 presidential election, John narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon.

During John's administration, Robert served as attorney general, their brother-in-law Sargent Shriver served as director of the new Peace Corps, and Ted became the U.S. Senator from Massachusetts until his death in 2009. The Kennedy administration's accomplishments include the Alliance for Progress with Latin America, the establishment of the Peace Corps, a peaceful resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ending the poll tax, the continuation of the Apollo spaceflight program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon, and the introduction of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to Congress (signed into law by Kennedy's successor Lyndon B. Johnson).{{cite web| url = https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-f-kennedy/| title = White House}} The family was the subject of intense media coverage during and after Kennedy's presidency.

Ted served in the Senate with his brother Robert (1965–1968), and was serving in the Senate when his nephew, Joseph P. II, and his son, Patrick J., served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 8th congressional district (1987–1999) and Rhode Island's 1st congressional district (1995–2011), respectively. In November 2012, Joseph P. Kennedy III, son of former U.S. representative Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of former senior Robert F. Kennedy, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. In 2020, Joseph P. III lost the U.S. Senate primary election in Massachusetts to incumbent Ed Markey, the first Kennedy to ever lose an election in the state.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/us/politics/ed-markey-kennedy.html|title=Markey Holds Off Joseph Kennedy in Massachusetts Senate Race|quote=The result was the first loss by a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election…|date=September 1, 2020|first=Jonathan|last=Martin|newspaper=The New York Times}}{{cite web|title=Fast Facts about Robert F. Kennedy|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/the-kennedy-family/robert-f-kennedy/fast-facts-robert-f-kennedy|access-date=September 4, 2020|agency=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum}} Robert F. Kennedy was not on the ballot in Massachusetts in the 1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries and finished second to Eugene McCarthy as a write-in candidate.

In the 2020s, three Kennedy family members served as U.S. ambassadors or envoys. Victoria Reggie Kennedy, second wife of Ted Kennedy, was named in 2021 by President Joe Biden as U.S. ambassador to Austria.{{Cite news|last=Thanikachalam|first=Neya|title=Senate confirms Victoria Kennedy to be ambassador to Austria|newspaper=The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/10/27/nation/senate-confirms-victoria-kennedy-be-ambassador-austria/ |access-date=January 1, 2023 }} Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President Kennedy, was named in 2022 by President Biden as U.S. ambassador to Australia; she previously served as U.S. ambassador to Japan under President Barack Obama. In the same year, Joseph P. Kennedy III was named by President Biden as U.S. special envoy to Northern Ireland.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. ran for president in the 2024 United States presidential election,{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Sophia |title=Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Announces 2024 Presidential Candidacy Against Biden |url=https://bcgavel.com/2023/05/03/robert-f-kennedy-jr-announces-2024-presidential-candidacy-against-biden/ |website=the Gavel |date=May 3, 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}} originally as a Democrat, but changing his affiliation to Independent in October 2023. Family members spoke out against him, mainly due to his anti-vaccine views, and instead endorsed President Joe Biden.{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Kelly |last2=Lebowitz |first2=Megan |last3=Richards |first3=Zoë |date=2024-04-18 |title=Kennedy family members endorse Biden over RFK Jr. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/kennedy-family-members-endorse-biden-rfk-jr-rcna148303 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=NBC News |language=en}} In August 2024, two months before the election, Robert Jr. withdrew and endorsed Republican candidate Donald Trump, who won the election. Trump nominated him to be United States Secretary of Health and Human Services{{Cite web |last=McGraw |first=Meridith |last2=Cirruzzo |first2=Chelsea |date=November 14, 2024 |title=Trump expected to select Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to lead HHS |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/14/robert-f-kennedy-jr-trump-hhs-secretary-pick-00188617 |website=Politico}} and he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 52-48.{{Cite web |last=Steinhauser |first=Paul |date=2025-02-12 |title=Senate confirms Robert F Kennedy Jr. to serve as Trump's Health secretary |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senate-confirms-robert-f-kennedy-jr-serve-trumps-health-secretary |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}

Family tree

{{Tree list}}

{{tree list/end}}

Businesses

  • Citizens Energy Corporation{{Cite web|url=https://citizensenergy.com/|title=Non-Profit Energy Company | Citizens Energy|date=January 30, 2023|website=Citizens Energy Corporation}}
  • Columbia Trust Company {{cite book |last=Nasaw |first=David |author-link= |date=2012 |title=The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy |url= |location=New York City, New York |publisher=Penguin Press |page=10 |isbn=978-1-59420-376-3}}
  • FBO Pictures Corporation
  • George
  • Hialeah Park Race Track
  • Intercontinental Rubber Company{{cite news |last=Brean |first=Henry |date=May 9, 2023 |title=U of A teams with Bridgestone to give desert rubber source a bounce |url=https://tucson.com/news/local/u-of-a-teams-with-bridgestone-to-give-desert-rubber-source-a-bounce/article_cfead634-eb87-11ed-9e30-c72e8a63ed24.html |newspaper=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=June 22, 2023}}
  • Kennedy & Madonna LLP (law firm)
  • Kenoil Corporation{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Michael C. |date=June 12, 1977 |title=Managing the Kennedy Millions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/12/archives/managing-the-kennedy-millions-managing-the-kennedy-millions.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 22, 2023}}
  • Marwood Group (healthcare-focused consulting firm) {{cite news |date=October 30, 2014 |title=Kennedy's former firm investigated by SEC|url=https://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/Kennedy-s-former-firm-investigated-by-SEC-11373445.php |newspaper=New Haven Register|access-date=June 22, 2023}}
  • Mokeen Oil Company
  • Old Colony Realty Associates{{cite news |last=Samuels |first=Regina |date=August 2, 2021 |title=How Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Became a Billionaire And Founded a Political Dynasty That Defined The 20th Century! |url=https://politic-ed.com/2021/08/02/joseph-p-kennedy-sr-political-dynasty/ |work=Politic-Ed |access-date=June 22, 2023}}

  • RKO Pictures
  • Somerset Imports
  • Sumner Savings Bank{{cite book |last=Kessler |first=Ronald |author-link= |date=1996 |title=The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty he Founded|publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |page=10 |isbn=0-446-60384-8}}
  • Wolf Point, Chicago{{Cite magazine |title=What Chris Kennedy Is Doing With the New Wolf Point Project |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/june-2013/chris-kennedys-new-wolf-point-project/ |access-date=September 30, 2024 |magazine=Chicago}}
  • Wolf Point East Tower{{Cite web |title=Wolf Point developers land $200 million loan for 60-story tower |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170628/CRED03/170629845/hines-kennedys-land-200-million-loan-for-wolf-point-project |access-date=2024-11-15}}
  • Salesforce Tower Chicago{{Cite web |title=Salesforce plan completes Kennedy family's Wolf Point puzzle |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/commercial-real-estate/salesforce-plan-completes-kennedy-familys-wolf-point-puzzle |access-date=2024-11-15}}

Philanthropy and policy institutes

Government offices held

In addition, some Kennedy spouses have served in government:

There was a member of the Kennedy family in public office nearly continuously from 1946, when John F. Kennedy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, until early 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy left the House. The only exception was the period between John F. Kennedy's resignation from the Senate on December 22, 1960, and his assumption of the office of President on January 20, 1961. In 2013, two years after Patrick Kennedy left the House, Joseph P. Kennedy III was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and served until 2021. Below is a timeline of the Kennedys' tenure in the U.S. Congress.

=Timeline=

{{#tag:timeline|

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Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

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Period = from:01/01/1930 till:$today

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ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1930

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bar:JPKSr

bar:JFK

bar:EMK

bar:RFK

bar:JPKII

bar:JKS

bar:PJK

bar:JPKIII

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PlotData =

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:JPKSr

from: 30/06/1934 till: 23/09/1935 color:fedgovernment

from: 14/04/1937 till: 19/02/1938 color:fedgovernment

from: 08/03/1938 till: 22/10/1940 color:ambassador text:"Joseph P. Kennedy Sr."

bar:JFK

from: 03/01/1947 till: 22/12/1960 color:fedcongress

from: 20/01/1961 till: 22/11/1963 color:fedgovernment text:"John F. Kennedy"

bar:EMK

from: 07/11/1962 till: 25/08/2009 color:fedcongress text:"Edward M. Kennedy"

bar:RFK

from: 21/01/1961 till: 03/09/1964 color:fedgovernment

from: 03/01/1965 till: 06/06/1968 color:fedcongress text:"Robert F. Kennedy"

bar:JPKII

from: 03/01/1987 till: 03/01/1999 color:fedcongress text:"Joseph P. Kennedy II"

bar:JKS

from: 24/06/1993 till: 17/09/1998 color:ambassador text:"Jean Kennedy Smith"

bar:PJK

from: 03/01/1995 till: 03/01/2011 color:fedcongress text:"Patrick J. Kennedy"

bar:JPKIII

from: 03/01/2013 till: 03/01/2021 color:fedcongress

from: 19/12/2022 till: 13/12/2024 color:ambassador text:"Joe Kennedy III"

bar:CK

from: 19/11/2013 till: 18/01/2017 color:ambassador

from: 25/07/2022 till: 28/11/2024 color:ambassador text:"Caroline Kennedy"

bar:RFKII

from: 13/02/2025 till: $today color:fedgovernment text:"Robert F. Kennedy Jr."

}}

style="float:right; background:#fff;"
{{ubl|

{{legend0|#000066|United States Congress|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}|{{legend0|#660000|United States Government|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}|{{legend0|#d69d36|United States Ambassador|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

}}

{{clear}}

Heraldry

On March 17, 1961, John F. Kennedy was presented with a grant of arms for all the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) from the Chief Herald of Ireland. The design of the arms (three gold closed helmets on a black field) strongly alludes to symbols in the coats of arms of the O'Kennedys of Ormonde and the FitzGeralds of Desmond, from whom the family is descended. The crest is an armored hand holding four arrows between two olive branches, elements taken from the coat of arms of the United States of America and also symbolic of Kennedy and his brothers.{{cite web | url = https://www.americanheraldry.org/heraldry-in-the-united-states/arms-of-famous-americans/presidents-of-the-united-states/john-fitzgerald-kennedy-35th-president-of-the-united-states/ | title = John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States | publisher = American Heraldry Society | access-date =October 27, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803191207/http://www.americanheraldry.org/pages/index.php?n=President.Kennedy | archive-date=August 3, 2016 }}{{Infobox COA wide

|image=File:Coat of Arms of John F. Kennedy.svg

|escutcheon=Sable three helmets in profile Or within a bordure per saltire Gules and Ermine.

|crest=Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper

|year_granted=1961

|name=the Kennedy family

|armiger=All the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)

|symbolism=}}

See also

References

= Citations =

{{Reflist}}

= Book sources =

  • {{cite book | author = Gibson, Barbara | author2 = Ted Schwartz | title = The Kennedys : the Third Generation | location = New York | publisher = Kensington Publishing | year = 1993 | oclc = 670288617 | isbn =9780786010264 | page = 458}}
  • Haas, Lawrence J. The Kennedys in the World: How Jack, Bobby, and Ted Remade America's Empire (2021) [https://www.amazon.com/Kennedys-World-Remade-Americas-Empire/dp/1640123849/ excerpt]
  • Hunt, Amber, and David Batcher. Kennedy Wives: Triumph and Tragedy in America's Most Public Family (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/Kennedy-Wives-Triumph-Tragedy-Americas-ebook/dp/B00QK3BMIA/ excerpt]
  • Kessler, Ronald. The sins of the father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the dynasty he founded (St. Martin's Press, 1996).
  • Klein, Edward. The Kennedy Curse: Why tragedy has haunted America's first family for 150 years (Macmillan, 2003).
  • Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy women: The saga of an American family (Ballantine Books, 1996). [https://www.amazon.com/Kennedy-Women-Saga-American-Family/dp/0449911713/ excerpt]
  • Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963 (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/Kennedy-Men-1901-1963-Laurence-Leamer/dp/0688163157/ excerpt]
  • Leamer, Laurence. Sons of Camelot: The Fate of an American Dynasty (2005) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0060559020/ excerpt]
  • Nasaw, David. The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy (2012); scholarly biography.

External links

{{Commons category|Kennedy family}}

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20180213000352/http://www.sptimes.com/News/111199/JFK/family-tree.shtml The Kennedys: A Family Tree], St. Petersburg Times
  • [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/08/26/us/kennedy-family-tree.html?scp=1&sq=kennedy%20family%20tree&st=cse Kennedy Family Tree], The New York Times
  • [https://forrestalhistory.com/the-forrestal-kennedy-connection The Forrestal Kennedy Connection],
  • [http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10422.html Kennedy Family], The Political Graveyard

{{Kennedy family}}

{{John F. Kennedy}}

{{Robert F. Kennedy}}

{{Ted Kennedy}}

{{Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis}}

{{Robert F. Kennedy Jr.}}

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