Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination

Under the Appointments Clause (Article II, Section 2) of the United States Constitution, judicial appointments are made by the president of the United States with the Advice and Consent of the United States Senate. Breyer was nominated to the Supreme Court by Bill Clinton on August 3, 1994, to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Harry Blackmun. Breyer was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 87–9. On the Supreme Court, Breyer was often a member of the court's liberal wing.

On January 26, 2022, NBC News reported that Justice Breyer planned to retire at the end of the court's current term. In response to request for comment, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki tweeted, "It has always been the decision of any Supreme Court Justice if and when they decide to retire, and how they want to announce it, and that remains the case today."{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Pete|date=January 26, 2022|title=Justice Stephen Breyer to retire from Supreme Court, paving way for Biden appointment|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/justice-stephen-breyer-retire-supreme-court-paving-way-biden-appointment-n1288042|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=NBC News|language=en}} President Biden cited his experience as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1997 as the driving force in the process of finding a candidate similar to Justice Breyer.{{cite web |last1=White House Staff |title=What criteria did President Biden use to pick his nominee? |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/kbj/ |website=The White House |publisher=United States Government |access-date=March 24, 2022}} His retirement left Samuel Alito as the lone remaining military veteran on the U.S. Supreme Court.{{Cite web |last=Preston |first=Matthew |date=April 15, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson's historic rise leaves just one military veteran on the Supreme Court |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2022/04/15/supreme-court-ketanji-brown-jackson-veteran/9510328002/ |access-date=October 9, 2022 |website=USA Today}}

In the wake of the impending Supreme Court vacancy, Democratic groups announced plans for a multi-million dollar campaign to promote Biden's eventual nominee. Demand Justice, a nonprofit led by Democratic strategists, said it would spend whatever it takes in order to get the nomination through the Senate.{{cite news |last1=Schwartz |first1=Brian |date=February 7, 2022 |title=Democratic dark money groups prepare campaign to support Biden's Supreme Court nominee |language=en |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/07/democratic-dark-money-groups-prepare-campaign-to-support-biden-supreme-court-pick.html |access-date=February 10, 2022}}

File:Ketanji Brown Jackson CADC.jpg

On January 27, Biden reiterated his intention to keep his campaign promise to nominate a Black woman.{{Cite news|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=January 27, 2022|title=Live Updates: Biden Vows to Name Supreme Court Nominee by End of February|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/27/us/stephen-breyer-supreme-court-retire|access-date=January 27, 2022|issn=0362-4331}} An ABC News/Ipsos poll a few days after found that 76% of Americans believed Biden should consider all possible nominees, while a substantially smaller share of Democrats, at 54%, said the same. Only 23% said he should follow through on his pledge to consider only nominees who are Black women.{{Cite web|author=Shepherd, Brittany|date=January 30, 2022|title=Majority of Americans want Biden to consider 'all possible nominees' for Supreme Court vacancy: POLL|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/majority-americans-biden-nominees-supreme-court-vacancy-poll/story?id=82553398|website=ABC News}}{{Cite web|date=January 30, 2022|title=President Biden continues to lose ground with the American public on a range of issues|url=https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/president-biden-continues-lose-ground-american-public|website=Ipsos}} A simultaneous Morning Consult/Politico poll found that 51% of Americans supported Biden's intention to nominate a Black woman, including 82% of Democrats and 47% of independents.{{Cite web|last=Choi|first=Joseph|date=February 2, 2022|title=Most in new poll support Biden commitment to name Black woman to Supreme Court|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/592413-voters-split-on-biden-commitment-to-name-black-woman-to-supreme-court|access-date=February 3, 2022|website=The Hill|language=en}} A poll in early February by Data for Progress found that 64% of Americans (including 93% of Democrats and 59% of independents) supported Biden's decision to nominate a Black woman.{{Cite web |last=Ruia |first=Devi |date=February 14, 2022 |title=Voters Support Biden's Pledge to Nominate a Black Woman for the Supreme Court |url=https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2022/2/14/voters-support-bidens-pledge-to-nominate-a-black-woman-for-the-supreme-court |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=Data For Progress |language=en-US}}

Some Republicans criticized Biden's pledge to nominate the first Black woman to the court as hypocritical, referencing his 2005 threat to filibuster Janice Rogers Brown,{{Cite web|date=July 3, 2005|title=Face The Nation|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/face_070305.pdf|website=CBS News|page=7}} a conservative judge on the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, if she was nominated to the Supreme Court.{{Cite web|last=Deese|first=Kaelan|date=February 2, 2022|title=Biden's past filibuster of black female judicial nominee raised in Supreme Court fight|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/gop-lawmakers-recall-biden-filibustering-black-judicial-nominee|website=Washington Examiner}}

Around February 22, 2022, it was reported that Biden had met with his top three contenders, Ketanji Brown Jackson, J. Michelle Childs, and Leondra Kruger.{{Cite web |last1=Cordes |first1=Nancy |author-link=Nancy Cordes |last2=O'Keefe |first2=Ed |author-link2=Ed O'Keefe |date=February 23, 2022 |title=Biden has interviewed his top three Supreme Court candidates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-biden-candidate-interviews/ |access-date=February 24, 2022 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last1=de Vogue |first1=Ariane |last2=Biskupic |first2=Joan |author-link2=Joan Biskupic |last3=Raju |first3=Manu |author-link3=Manu Raju |date=February 22, 2022 |title=Biden has met with at least three potential Supreme Court nominees |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/22/politics/biden-potential-supreme-court-nominees/index.html |access-date=February 25, 2022 |website=CNN}}

File:Ketanji Brown Jackson delivers remarks with Biden & Harris in background.jpg

On February 25, 2022, it was announced that Biden would nominate Jackson. In his remarks on the announcement, Biden listed "traits of pragmatism, historical perspective, wisdom, [and] character" as criteria for the nomination, characterized Jackson's rulings as "carefully reasoned, tethered to precedent, and [demonstrating respect] for how the law impacts everyday people," and cited her experience as a public defender, trial court judge, and member of the Sentencing Commission.{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Remarks by President Biden on his Nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/02/25/remarks-by-president-biden-on-his-nomination-of-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Rogers |first=Katie |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Biden Introduces Ketanji Brown Jackson, His Supreme Court Pick |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/us/supreme-court-nominee-biden |access-date=February 27, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}

{{See also|Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices}}Analysis by FiveThirtyEight reported that Jackson would likely rule in similar ways to other Democratic appointees on the Court, with Judicial Common Space scores placing her as slightly more moderate than these justices and estimates from the Database of Ideology, Money in Politics, and Elections placing her as slightly more liberal than them.{{Cite web |last=Thomson-DeVeaux |first=Amelia |date=February 25, 2022 |title=How Ketanji Brown Jackson Could Change The Supreme Court |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-ketanji-brown-jackson-could-change-the-supreme-court/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en-US}}

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Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Democratic members of the Judiciary Committee including Dick Durbin, Sheldon Whitehouse, Richard Blumenthal, Amy Klobuchar, and Patrick Leahy voiced their support for Jackson's nomination.{{Cite news |last=Hulse |first=Carl |date=February 25, 2022 |title=On Capitol Hill, Democrats celebrate Judge Jackson while Republicans pledge a respectful review. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/us/politics/supreme-court-ketanji-brown-jackson-reaction.html |access-date=March 1, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2022 |title=What senators are saying: Tracking reactions to Jackson's nomination |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/02/major-players-including-key-senators-react-to-bidens-nominee/ |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Senators weigh in on nomination of Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-nominee-senators-reactions/ |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}}

House majority whip Jim Clyburn, who had earlier lobbied Biden to nominate U.S. District Judge J. Michelle Childs, expressed his support for Jackson and called for "strong bipartisan support" in the confirmation process.{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Chelsey |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Clyburn says Ketanji Brown Jackson is 'a good choice' for Supreme Court, calls for bipartisan support |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/27/clyburn-ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court/6964048001/ |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=USA Today |language=en-US}}

Jackson's nomination also received support from two former federal Circuit Court judges appointed by Republican presidents, Thomas B. Griffith and J. Michael Luttig.{{Cite web |last=Cai |first=Sophia |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson endorsed by Republican legal heavyweight |url=https://www.axios.com/ketanji-brown-jackson-republican-judge-endorsement-8f0b0714-c36e-43de-9ee9-4a7ccdb0ee1b.html |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=Axios |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Brigid |date=February 28, 2022 |title=SCOTUS nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson snags big conservative endorsement |url=https://theweek.com/supreme-court/1010722/scotus-nominee-ketanji-brown-jackson-snags-big-conservative-endorsement |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=The Week |language=en}} Clark M. Neily, senior vice president for legal studies at the CATO Institute, also endorsed Jackson's nomination.{{Cite web |title=Confirm Ketanji Brown Jackson |url=https://www.cato.org/blog/confirm-ketanji-brown-jackson |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.cato.org}}

In March, 83 former state attorneys general signed a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee endorsing Jackson's nomination.{{Cite web |last=Singman |first=Brooke |date=2022-03-10 |title=Supreme Court: Ketanji Brown Jackson nomination endorsed by 83 former state AGs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/dozens-of-republican-democrat-former-state-ags-endorse-ketanji-brown-jackson-for-supreme-court |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}} Although not a formal endorsement, the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary unanimously rated Jackson "Well Qualified" to serve on the Supreme Court.{{cite news |title=ABA Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary rates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson "Well Qualified" |url=https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2022/03/aba-committee-rates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-well-qualified/ |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=www.americanbar.org |publisher=American Bar Association |date=March 18, 2022}}

Some Republican Party leaders and senators voiced early opposition, while many others stated that they would evaluate Jackson's nomination. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell characterized Jackson as "the favored choice of far-left dark-money groups that have spent years attacking the legitimacy and structure of the court itself". The Republican National Committee called Jackson "a radical, left-wing activist who would rubberstamp Biden's disastrous agenda".{{Cite web |last=Durkee |first=Alison |title=Republicans Have Already Started Attacking Biden's Supreme Court Nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/02/25/republicans-have-already-started-attacking-bidens-supreme-court-nominee-ketanji-brown-jackson/ |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en}} Republican senator Lindsey Graham, who had previously voted in favor of Jackson's confirmation to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals the previous year, stated that the nomination "means the radical Left has won President Biden over yet again". Former district court judge U. W. Clemon wrote to Biden urging him not to appoint Jackson to the Supreme Court.{{Cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=Leigh Ann |author-link=Leigh Ann Caldwell |last2=Welker |first2=Kristen |author-link2=Kristen Welker |last3=O'Donnell |first3=Kelly |author-link3=Kelly O'Donnell |last4=Kapur |first4=Sahil |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Biden faces conflicting pressures as he closes in on a Supreme Court nominee |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-faces-conflicting-pressures-closes-supreme-court-nominee-rcna15907 |access-date=February 14, 2022 |website=NBC News |language=en}}

Some Republican lawmakers, such as senators Marsha Blackburn, Josh Hawley, and Ted Cruz have criticized Brown's sentencing of child pornography offenders below the sentencing guideline and her support for reducing or removing mandatory minimums for such offenders while on the United States Sentencing Commission. Fact checks from the New York Times and Washington Post said these criticisms were misleading, a distortion of her record, and in part snipped out of context.{{cite news |last1=Qiu |first1=Linda |title=Attacks on Judge Jackson's Record on Child Sexual Abuse Cases Are Misleading |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/21/us/politics/judge-jackson-child-sexual-abuse-fact-check.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 22, 2022 |date=March 21, 2022}}{{Cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Josh Hawley's misleading attack on Judge Jackson's sentencing of child-porn offenders |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/19/sen-hawleys-misleading-attack-judge-jacksons-sentencing-child-porn-offenders/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |issn=0190-8286}}

A poll of registered voters conducted by Politico and Morning Consult during February 25–27 found that 46% of respondents favored Jackson's confirmation, 17% opposed it, and 36% had no opinion.{{Cite web |last1=Lizza |first1=Ryan |last2=Okun |first2=Eli |last3=Ross |first3=Garrett |title=POLITICO Playbook PM: An exclusive new poll on Ketanji Brown Jackson |url=https://politi.co/3vr57Qg |access-date=March 1, 2022 |website=POLITICO |date=February 28, 2022 |language=en}} A Gallup poll conducted during March 1–18 found that 58% of respondents favored Jackson's confirmation, 30% opposed it, and 12% had no opinion.{{Cite web |last=Jones|first=Jeffrey M. |title=Supreme Court Nominee Jackson's Support Tied for Highest |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/390956/supreme-court-nominee-jackson-support-tied-highest.aspx |access-date=March 23, 2022 |website=Gallup |date=March 23, 2022 |language=en}} FiveThirtyEight collected a set of 14 polls conducted during February 25 to March 22 by various entities, which found that an average of 47% of Americans supported her confirmation, 23% opposed it, and 30% had no opinion.{{Cite web |last=Yi |first=Jean |date=2022-03-25 |title=Americans Broadly Want The Senate To Confirm Ketanji Brown Jackson To The Supreme Court |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/americans-broadly-want-the-senate-to-confirm-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-the-supreme-court/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en-US}}

{{see also|Senate Judiciary Committee reviews of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States}}

On March 2, Senate Democrats announced that they would schedule confirmation hearings for March 21 through March 24, intending to finish the process before the chamber's Easter recess in early April.{{Cite web |last=Dunn |first=Monica |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Democrats set Judge Jackson's confirmation hearings for March 21 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/democrats-set-judge-jacksons-confirmation-hearings-march-21/story?id=83207791 |access-date=March 3, 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=Natalie |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Hearings for Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Start March 21, Senate Democrats Say |pages=1 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hearings-for-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-start-march-21-senate-democrats-say-11646245038?mod=lead_feature_below_a_pos1 |access-date=March 3, 2022}}

On March 21, Jackson delivered an opening statement to the committee acknowledging the confirmation process and her past, and thanking her mentors and family members.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Read Ketanji Brown Jackson's opening statement for her Supreme Court hearings |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/21/kentaji-brown-jackson-opening-statement-supreme-court-00018980 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}

Several members of the 22 person committee gave opening statements with Democrats speaking to Jackson's historic nomination, her qualifications and that her experience as a public defender "helps her to understand our justice system uniquely, through the eyes of people who couldn't afford a lawyer." Republicans expressed various concerns they intended to explore, including her sentencing record in child pornography convictions and as to "whether Judge Jackson is committed to the Constitution as originally understood."{{cite web |last1=Sneed |first1=Tierney |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Maureen |last3=Macaya |first3=Melissa |last4=Berman |first4=Dan |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson's confirmation hearing: Day 1 |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/ketanji-brown-jackson-hearing-3-21-22/index.html |website=CNN |date=March 21, 2022 |publisher=Turner Broadcasting |access-date=March 24, 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Olson |first1=Tyson |title=Republicans lay groundwork for attacks in historic Jackson confirmation hearing, Democrats defend nominee |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/supreme-court-ketanji-jackson-confirmation-hearing-senate-day-1 |website=Fox News |date=March 21, 2022 |publisher=Fox |access-date=March 24, 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Sprunt |first1=Barbara |title=Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmation hearings: What happened Monday Facebook Twitter Flipboard Email |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/21/1087863804/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-confirmation-hearing-day-1-recap |website=NPR |date=March 21, 2022 |publisher=National Public Radio |access-date=March 24, 2022}} A question by Senator Ted Cruz, "Do you agree with this book that is being taught with kids that babies are racist?" prompted Jackson to say she never read the book, as well as disagreeing with making any child feel that they were racist, victims, or oppressors. The exchange also dramatically increased sales of the book Antiracist Baby.{{Cite web |last=Larson |first=Shannon |date=March 26, 2022 |title=Ted Cruz criticized Ibram X. Kendi’s ‘Antiracist Baby.’ He may have just propelled the book to the top of the bestseller list. |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/03/26/nation/ted-cruz-criticized-ibram-x-kendis-antiracist-baby-he-may-have-just-propelled-book-top-bestseller-list/ |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}

On March 22, Jackson underwent the first round of questions from 20 senators of the Judiciary Committee for 13 hours. Jackson was asked questions related to critical race theory, dark money, abortion, gender identity, judicial activism, possible expansion of the Supreme Court (known as court-packing) and her sentencing record on child pornography cases. Jackson declined to answer when asked to provide the definition of a woman by Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), saying that she could not "in this context." and that "I'm not a biologist." Additionally, Cory Booker (D-NJ) inquired as to how she has been able to manage a work-life balance between motherhood with two daughters and her legal career.{{Cite web |author=Foran |first=Clare |last2=Rogers |first2=Alex |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Supreme Court nominee faces intense questioning |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/22/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-confirmation-hearings-day-two/index.html |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=CNN}}{{cite web |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson faces questions on previous cases, precedent on day 2 of confirmation hearings: Live updates |url=https://www.npr.org/live-updates/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-confirmation-hearing-day-2 |access-date=March 24, 2022 |website=NPR |publisher=}}{{Cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |date=2022-03-23 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson Asked to Define 'Woman' at Hearing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/us/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-woman-definition.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323150249/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/us/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-woman-definition.html |archive-date=March 23, 2022 |access-date=2023-08-08 |work=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Myah |date=2022-03-22 |title=Blackburn to Jackson: Can you define 'the word woman'? |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/22/blackburn-jackson-define-the-word-woman-00019543 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=POLITICO |language=en}} Other Republican senators accused her of being soft on crime.{{Cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |last2=Ulloa |first2=Jazmine |date=2022-03-22 |title=Judging a Judge on Race and Crime, G.O.P. Plays to Base and Fringe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/us/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-race.html |access-date=2025-01-09 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

On March 23, Jackson faced another round of questions for 10 hours, describing her judicial philosophy and defending her judgements on cases.{{Cite web |author=Foran |first=Clare |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson faces more questions during third day of confirmation hearings |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/23/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-confirmation-hearings-day-three/index.html |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=CNN}} She was grilled with a range of questions related to abortion, gun rights, and court-packing.{{Cite news |last=Balz |first=Dan |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Jackson endures questioning with racial overtones from GOP senators |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/23/jackson-endures-questioning-with-racial-overtones-gop-senators/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220324100804/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/23/jackson-endures-questioning-with-racial-overtones-gop-senators/ |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=March 24, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |pages=}} Jackson, who sits on the Harvard Board of Overseers, stated that if confirmed, she would recuse herself from the Supreme Court's review of Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College.{{cite web |date=March 24, 2022 |title=What happened on Day 3 of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson's confirmation hearings |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/live-blog/ketanji-brown-jackson-confirmation-hearings-day-3-live-updates-rcna21063?featureFlag=true#rcrd110 |access-date=March 24, 2022 |website=NBC News |publisher=}}

On March 24, the committee heard witness testimony from representatives of the American Bar Association, Democratic representative Joyce Beatty, and the Republican Alabama Attorney General, Steve Marshall.{{Cite news |last=Sprunt |first=Barbara |date=2022-03-24 |title=Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmation hearings: What happened Thursday |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/24/1088492365/judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-nomination-hearings-what-happened-thursday |access-date=2022-03-26}} During his testimony, Marshall refused to acknowledge Joe Biden as the "duly elected and lawfully serving" president of the United States, which was widely reported in the media.{{Cite web |last=Gregorian |first=Dareh |last2=Fulton |first2=Jacob |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Alabama's AG wouldn't say whether Biden is 'duly elected' president |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/alabamas-ag-not-say-biden-duly-elected-president-rcna21405 |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=NBC News |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Ella |date=24 March 2022 |title=Alabama AG Steve Marshall refuses to call Biden 'duly elected' president |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/03/24/alabama-ag-steve-marshall-biden-legitimate-president/7153895001/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Burkhalter |first=Eddie |date=2022-03-25 |title=Alabama AG Steve Marshall won't say whether Biden is "duly elected" president |url=https://www.alreporter.com/2022/03/25/alabama-ag-steve-marshall-wont-say-whether-biden-is-duly-elected-president/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Alabama Political Reporter |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Reeves |first=Jay |date=2022-03-24 |title=Alabama AG mum on whether Biden is 'duly elected' president |url=https://apnews.com/article/ketanji-brown-jackson-biden-business-united-states-donald-trump-7a44619e1842d57f6b54943227b32f9d |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=AP News |language=en}}

On April 4, 2022, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a vote on whether to advance Jackson's nomination to the full Senate.{{Cite news |last=Cathey |first=Libby |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Senate Judiciary Committee to vote on Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson's Supreme Court nomination |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/senate-judiciary-committee-vote-judge-ketanji-brown-jacksons/story?id=83863821 |access-date=April 4, 2022 |publisher=ABC News}} The party-line vote resulted in a tie, with all 11 Democratic members voting in favor and all 11 Republican members voting against.{{Cite news |last=Hulse |first=Carl |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Democrats Push Jackson Toward Confirmation, Over G.O.P. Opposition |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/04/us/politics/ketanji-brown-jackson-judiciary-committee.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Seung Min |last2=DeBonis |first2=Mike |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Senate panel deadlocks on Ketanji Brown Jackson's Supreme Court nomination |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/04/senate-vote-ketanji-brown-jackson/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}

On the motion to report the nomination with a positive recommendation, the votes were as follows:

• Yea {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} Democrats: Dick Durbin, Patrick Leahy, Dianne Feinstein, Sheldon Whitehouse, Amy Klobuchar, Chris Coons, Richard Blumenthal, Mazie Hirono, Cory Booker, Alex Padilla, Jon Ossoff.
• Nay {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}} Republicans: Chuck Grassley, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Mike Lee, Ted Cruz, Ben Sasse, Josh Hawley, Tom Cotton, John Kennedy, Thom Tillis, Marsha Blackburn.

Result: Tied, no recommendation.{{Cite web |title=Results of Executive Business Meeting |date=April 4, 2022 |publisher=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/EBM%20Results%20-%202022-04-04.pdf|access-date=May 14, 2022}}

On April 4, 2022, the Senate voted to discharge Jackson's nomination from the Judiciary Committee with a vote of 53–47, with three Republicans (Susan Collins, Lisa Murkowski, and Mitt Romney) joining all 50 members of the Democratic caucus to pass the motion.{{Cite news |last=Carney |first=Jordain |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Collins, Murkowski, Romney help break deadlock on Jackson's nomination |url=https://thehill.com/news/senate/3258946-collins-murkowski-romney-help-break-deadlock-on-jacksons-nomination/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |newspaper=The Hill |language=en-US}} A discharge vote was necessary because of the tied vote in the Judiciary Committee. This was first time that the Senate has discharged the Judiciary Committee from consideration of a Supreme Court nomination since 1853.{{cite news |last1=Hayes |first1=Mike |last2=Sneed |first2=Tierney |last3=Lee |first3=Ji Min |last4=Chowdhury |first4=Maureen |last5=Macaya |first5=Melissa |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Jackson nomination advances after Senate committee deadlocks |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/ketanji-brown-jackson-confirmation-vote-senate-committee/index.html |access-date=April 5, 2022 |work=CNN |publisher=}}

On April 7, 2022, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 53–47 vote with the same senators voting "yea".{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/07/us/ketanji-brown-jackson-vote-scotus|title=Supreme Court Highlights: Senate Confirms Ketanji Brown Jackson|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 7, 2022|access-date=April 8, 2022}} She was subsequently confirmed by the same margin with once again the same senators voting "yea".{{Cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Sam |last2=Gonzalez |first2=Oriana |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed as first Black female Supreme Court justice |url=https://www.axios.com/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-biden-5aaba226-c0e0-43f6-8952-a803c9c0e29c.html |website=axios.com |access-date=April 7, 2022}}

File:US Senate - Ketanji Brown Jackson - Confirmation Vote - 7 April 2022.jpg

File:P20220407AS-0337 (51988942426).jpg

|-

| {{sortname|John|Kennedy|John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Louisiana || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Angus|King}}|| style="background-color:#ddddbb; text-align: center;" | I || Maine || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Amy|Klobuchar}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Minnesota|| style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|James|Lankford}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Oklahoma || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Patrick|Leahy}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Vermont || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Mike|Lee}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Utah || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Cynthia|Lummis}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Wyoming || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Ben Ray|Luján}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || New Mexico || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Joe|Manchin}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || West Virginia || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Ed|Markey}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Massachusetts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Roger|Marshall}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Kansas || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Mitch|McConnell}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Kentucky || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Bob|Menendez}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || New Jersey || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

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| {{sortname|Jeff|Merkley}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Oregon || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

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| {{sortname|Jerry|Moran}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Kansas || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Lisa|Murkowski}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Alaska || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Chris|Murphy}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Connecticut || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Patty|Murray}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Washington || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Jon|Ossoff}} ||style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Georgia || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Alex|Padilla}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || California || style="background-color:#ffffff; | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Rand|Paul}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Kentucky || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Gary|Peters|Gary Peters (politician)}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Michigan || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Rob|Portman}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Ohio || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Jack|Reed|Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Rhode Island || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Jim|Risch}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Idaho || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Mitt|Romney}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Utah || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Jacky|Rosen}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Nevada || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Mike|Rounds}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || South Dakota || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Marco|Rubio}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Florida || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Bernie|Sanders}} || style="background-color:#ddddbb; text-align: center;" | I || Vermont || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Ben|Sasse}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Nebraska|| style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Brian|Schatz}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Hawaii || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Chuck|Schumer}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || New York || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Rick|Scott}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Florida || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Tim|Scott}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || South Carolina || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Jeanne|Shaheen}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || New Hampshire || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Richard|Shelby}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Alabama || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Kyrsten|Sinema}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Arizona || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Tina|Smith}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Minnesota || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Debbie|Stabenow}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Michigan || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Dan|Sullivan|Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Alaska || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Jon|Tester}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Montana || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|John|Thune}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || South Dakota || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Thom|Tillis}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || North Carolina || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Pat|Toomey}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Pennsylvania|| style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Tommy|Tuberville}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Alabama || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Chris|Van Hollen}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Maryland || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Mark|Warner}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Virginia || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Raphael|Warnock}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Georgia || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Elizabeth|Warren}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Massachusetts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Sheldon|Whitehouse}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Rhode Island || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Roger|Wicker}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Mississippi || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|-

| {{sortname|Ron|Wyden}} || style="background-color:#b0ceff; text-align: center;" | D || Oregon || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Yea

|-

| {{sortname|Todd|Young}} || style="background-color:#ffb6b6; text-align: center;" | R || Indiana || style="background-color:#ffdd88;" | Nay

|}

|}

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• {{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/judge-ketanji-brown-jackson |title=JUDGE KETANJI BROWN JACKSON: Nominee to become the 116th Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court|work=judiciary.senate.gov}}

{{Nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States}}

{{Joe Biden}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Ketanji Brown, Supreme Court Nomination}}

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