Khirer Putul
{{short description|Bengali children's fantasy novel by Abanindranath Tagore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title =
| name = Khirer Putul
| image = Khirer Putul cover 2.jpeg
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| caption = Queen and monkey
| author = Abanindranath Tagore
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| subject = Children's Literature
| genre =
| set_in =
| published = 1896
| publisher2 =
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Khirer Putul ({{lit|Doll of Kheer}}) is a children's fantasy novel written by Abanindranath Tagore in 1896.{{cite book|title=Children's literature of Bengal|year=1978|publisher=Academy for Documentation & Research on Children's Literature, 1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usM3AAAAIAAJ&q=Khirer+Putul}}{{cite book|title=Khirer Putul(with Cd)|publisher=Ananda Publishers Pvt. Limited|isbn=9788177564990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60lVPgAACAAJ&q=Khirer+Putul}} Khirer Putul is considered a masterpiece{{cite book|title=The Modern Review, Volumes 91-92|date=1952|publisher=Prabasi Press Private, Limited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyMlAQAAIAAJ&q=Khirer+Putul}} and landmark by writers in Bengali language children's literature.{{cite book|title=Khirer Putul(Bangla): Bengali eBook, Children Classic|date=30 July 2014|publisher=Pathok Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788192979809|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3YdBAAAQBAJ&q=Khirer+Putul}} Khirer Putul is a simple and touching tale about the sugar doll, the fate of Duorani and a tricky and extraordinary monkey.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pitarastories.com/tocs/khirer-putul-toc.html|title=Khirer Putul|last=Tagore|first=Abanindranath|website=The Pitara|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426233844/https://www.pitarastories.com/tocs/khirer-putul-toc.html|url-status=dead}} Aadi Brahmosamaj press first published this book. Later on, it was translated into other languages.{{cite book|last1=ঠাকুর|first1=অবনীন্দ্রনাথ|title=ক্ষীরের পুতুল / Khirer Putul (Bengali): Bengali Children's classic storie|date=August 2014|publisher=editionNEXT.com|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FAcBAAAQBAJ&q=Khirer+Putul}}{{page needed|date=January 2016}} The story was adapted into a film of the same name by Indian writer and director Purnendu Pattrea in 1976.{{cite book|title=Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GUZ2AAAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting|page=66}} Khirer Putul, an Indian television soap opera based on the novel aired on Zee Bangla in 2020.{{cite web |title=Khirer Putul |url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/khirer-putul/0-6-2574 |website=ZEE5}}
It was also adapted into a play by the Indian theatre group Nandikar in 2017, with Anindita Chakraborty as its director.{{cite web |title=National Theatre Festival 2017 |url=https://nandikar.net/national-theatre-festival-2017/ |website=nandikar.net |date=16 December 2017 |language=en}}
Plot
The king of Deepnagar had two queens, Suo Rani and Duo Rani. The king gave Suo Rani 7 palaces, 700 female slaves, best ornaments from 7 kingdoms, 7 gardens, 7 chariots. He neglected Duo Rani and gave her a broken home, a deaf and dumb maid, torn clothes and a dirty bed.{{cite book |title=The Oxford India anthology of Bengali literature |editor-first=Kalpana |editor-last=Bardhan |volume=1: 1861-1941 |date=2010 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=129–150}}{{cite book |title=The Renovation of Folk Tales by Five Modern Bengali writers |last=Mitra |first=Bansari |date=2002 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |page=38}}
Translations
The work has been translated into several languages:
- French – La poupée de fromage.{{cite book|title=La Poupée de fromage ("Khirère poutoul"). Préface de Selma Lagerlöf. Bois dessinés et gravés par Andrée Karpelès|date=1950|publisher=Éditions Ophrys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkkKYAAACAAJ&q=La+Poup%C3%A9e+de+fromage}}
- Swedish – Ostdockan.{{cite book|title=Ostdockan: en bengalisk saga|date=1949|publisher=K[oop.] F[örb.]:s Bokförl.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_JpMQAACAAJ&q=Ostdockan+:+En+bengalisk+saga}}{{cite web|title=OSTDOCKAN: EN BENGALISK SAGA |url=http://www.biblio.com/book/ostdockan-bengalisk-saga-tagore-abanindranath-1871/d/148232653|website=biblio.com/}}
- English – The Make-Believe Prince;Sircar, Sanjay. Fantasy Fictions from the Bengal Renaissance: Abanindranath Tagore, ‘The Make-Believe Prince’ – Gaganendranath Tagore, ‘Toddy-Cat the Bold’. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018. pp. 89-151. Caramel Doll.{{cite book |title=The Oxford India anthology of Bengali literature |editor-first=Kalpana |editor-last=Bardhan |volume=1: 1861-1941 |date=2010 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=129–150}}
Development
Abanindranath who was Rabindranath Tagore's nephew found this story in Rabindranath's wife Mrinalini Devi's diary after her death. The novel is based on the story written in her diary.{{cite book|title=Rabindranath Tagore: Puffin Lives|date=15 May 2013|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9788184759914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMw0RVaoBtUC&q=Khirer+Putul&pg=PT51}} The illustrations were done by Abanindranath Tagore.{{cite book|title=Eminent Indians: Ten Great Artists|isbn=9788129127501|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQWcAwAAQBAJ&q=Khirer+Putul&pg=PT67|last1=Ahuja|first1=M. L.|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Rupa Publications }}{{page needed|date=January 2016}}
Analysis
According to scholar Sanjay Sircar, the tale can be classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 459, "The Make-Believe Son (Daughter)",{{cite journal |last1=Zipes |first1=Jack |title=Fantasy Fictions from the Bengal Renaissance ed. by Sanjay Sircar (review) |journal=Marvels & Tales |date=2020 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=121–122 |id={{Project MUSE|766045}} }}Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. pp. 155-156. a tale type "widespread throughout North India and other Asian areas, but never found in Europe".{{cite journal |last1=Flora |first1=Giuseppe |title=Fantasy Fictions from the Bengal Renaissance: Abanindranath Tagore, 'The Make-Believe Prince' – Gaganendranath Tagore, 'Toddy-Cat the Bold' . Sanjay Sircar |journal=International Research in Children's Literature |date=February 2021 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=123–125 |doi=10.3366/ircl.2021.0388 |s2cid=234091187 }} Similarly, German scholar {{ill|Ulrich Marzolph|de|Ulrich Marzolph}} listed four Iranian variants of the same type, which he named Der Prinz verliebt sich in eine Puppe ("The Prince falls in love with a Doll").Marzolph, Ulrich. [https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/inhouse/content/pageview/1469996 Typologie des persischen Volksmärchens]. Beirut: Orient-Inst. der Deutschen Morgenländischen Ges.; Wiesbaden: Steiner [in Komm.], 1984. pp. 93-94.
References
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Further reading
- {{Cite journal |last=Sircar |first=Sanjay |title=A MÄRCHEN AND A KUNSTMÄRCHEN FROM BENGAL: 'PRINCESS KALAVATI' AND ABANINDRANATH TAGORE'S THE CONDENSED-MILK DOLL (1896) |journal=Journal of South Asian Literature |volume=30 |issue=1/2 |date=1995 |pages=212–52 |jstor=40873586}} Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
- {{cite journal |last=Sircar |first=Sanjay |title=Shashthi's Land: Folk Nursery Rhyme in Abanindranath Tagore's 'The Condensed-Milk Doll' |journal=Asian Folklore Studies |volume=57 |issue=1 |date=1998 |pages=25–49 |doi=10.2307/1178995|jstor=1178995 }} Accessed 10 Nov. 2023.
External links
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=TsaDLj1_eq8C&q=Khirer+Putul Illustration By Ashish Sengupta]
- {{cite web|title=Khirer Putul|url=http://gaana.com/album/khirer-putul|website=gaana.com|publisher=Gaana|access-date=23 June 2015|archive-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510124123/https://gaana.com/album/khirer-putul|url-status=dead}}
Category:Bengali-language literature
Category:19th-century Indian novels
Category:Indian children's novels
Category:1890s children's books
Category:Children's fantasy novels
Category:Indian novels adapted into films
Category:Indian novels adapted into plays
Category:Indian novels adapted into television shows
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