Kill 'Em All

File:Lars Ulrich live in London 2008-09-15.jpg (pictured in 2008) founded Metallica through an advertisement in The Recycler. He picked the band's name from his friend Ron Quintana's list of names for his upcoming magazine. Ulrich suggested Metal Mania, secretly wanting to use Metallica as the band's name.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=17}}]]

Metallica was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by drummer Lars Ulrich and by vocalist/rhythm guitarist James Hetfield. Before settling on a definitive lineup, Metal Blade Records owner Brian Slagel asked Metallica to record a song for the first edition of his Metal Massacre compilation. Hetfield and Ulrich chose "Hit the Lights" from Hetfield's and his childhood friend Ron McGovney's previous band Leather Charm, and recorded it with Hetfield on vocals, McGovney on bass, and temporary guitarist Lloyd Grant. The band's first lineup featured Hetfield, Ulrich, McGovney, and guitarist Dave Mustaine, who was acquired through a newspaper advertisement. The band practiced in McGovney's garage and looked for gigs at local clubs. Metallica's first show was on March 14, 1982, at the Radio City in Anaheim. The nine-song setlist consisted of two originals ("Hit the Lights" and an unfinished version of "Jump in the Fire" from Mustaine's earlier band Panic) and covers of new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) bands such as Diamond Head, Blitzkrieg, Savage, and Sweet Savage. The gig did not go as well as planned, because Mustaine had problems with the guitar distortion pedal, and broke a string during a song. Metallica's second gig was on March 27, 1982, at Hollywood's Whisky a Go Go, opening for Saxon. Although Mötley Crüe was originally scheduled to open the show, the group canceled because of its growing popularity. Metallica recorded a three-song demo to persuade the venue's management to allow the band to open for Saxon. Metallica's third concert was in April 1982, the first time "The Mechanix",{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 3: 1981–1982}} written by Mustaine during his tenure with Panic, was played. Mustaine interacted with the fans at Metallica's earliest shows because Hetfield was shy.{{sfn|Gulla|2009|p=101}}

To garner attention from club owners, Metallica recorded the Power Metal demo in April 1982, which featured "Motorbreath" in addition to the already-performed originals. The logo, displaying the band's name with the first and last letter drawn larger with sharp serifs and italicized, was designed by Hetfield.{{sfn|Weinstein|2013}} The No Life 'til Leather demo was recorded in July 1982, and it created a buzz in the underground tape trading circles.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=20}} No Life 'til Leather featured a re-recorded version of "Hit the Lights", which appeared on the second pressing of Metal Massacre, in addition to new songs such as "Phantom Lord", "Seek & Destroy", and "Metal Militia". The recording and mastering were financed by Kenny Kane, owner of the punk label High Velocity, and distributed by Ulrich and his friend Pat Scott.{{Sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 6: 1982}} Because of tensions with Mustaine, McGovney left the band in December. Ulrich was impressed by Cliff Burton's performance with Trauma at The Troubadour in West Hollywood, and offered to let him join the band.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=22}} Burton joined on the condition that Metallica would relocate to the San Francisco area.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=21}} Moving to El Cerrito in February 1983, the band stayed and rehearsed at Exodus manager Mark Whitaker's house, which they called the "Metallica Mansion".{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 2: Hit the Lights}} Metallica intended to record its debut in Los Angeles on Slagel's independent label on an $8,000 budget ($24,722 in 2023). Slagel could not afford the record, and Ulrich contacted Jon Zazula, a New Jersey record store owner and promoter of heavy metal bands on the East Coast who had already heard No Life 'til Leather. Metallica rented a U-Haul truck and drove to New Jersey in late March,{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 2: Hit the Lights}} and upon arrival, allowed Zazula to sell copies of No Life 'til Leather to help him found Megaforce Records because no label wanted to finance the album's recording.{{sfn|Dome|Wall|2011|loc=Chapter 1: Kill 'Em All}}

File:Priest feast 22 - megadeth 05.jpg (pictured in 2005) was an early member of Metallica, and co-wrote several songs on Kill 'Em All. His erratic and violent behavior led to his expulsion from the band prior to recording the album.{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 3: Jump in the Fire}}]]

Hetfield and Ulrich fired Mustaine on the morning of April 11 after a gig in New York, because of his drug and alcohol problems, overly aggressive behavior, and clashes with bandmates.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=73}} On Whitaker's recommendation, Metallica recruited Kirk Hammett, who played in Exodus and was a one-time student of Joe Satriani. Hammett learned the songs on his flight to New York and started recording the album with Metallica barely a month later. Metallica met producer Paul Curcio at Music America Studios in Rochester, and recorded the album in two weeks.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=88}} Unable to afford a hotel during the recording sessions, the band members stayed over in people's houses in Rochester and at the Music Factory in Jamaica, Queens, where Anthrax held rehearsals.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=30}} Curcio had set the studio equipment as if he were recording an ordinary rock band. He thought the initial tapes sounded very distorted and tried to compensate by turning down the knobs.{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 3: Jump in the Fire}} Metallica resented Curcio's involvement, because he seemed uninterested, and had little impact on the sound.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=89}} Although Zazula wanted Hammett to replicate Mustaine's solos, Hammett's guitar solos on the album were partially based on Mustaine's original solos, with the first four bars of most solos written by Mustaine before his departure.{{cite web|first=Jaan|last=Uhelszki|title=Metallica Week: Kirk Hammett interview|url=http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/metallica-week-kirk-hammett-interview-173297|publisher=MusicRadar|date=September 11, 2008|access-date=June 7, 2015|archive-date=July 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702091921/http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/metallica-week-kirk-hammett-interview-173297|url-status=live}} Despite their differences, Mustaine's contributions to the early years of Metallica were still acknowledged, and he received four co-writing credits on Kill 'Em All. Zazula was not pleased with the initial mix because he thought that the drums were too loud, and the guitars were too low in the mix. The remix was done by sound engineer Chris Bubacz, according to Zazula's instructions.{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 3: Jump in the Fire}} The final cost for the record rounded to an estimated $15,000 ($46,354 in 2023), which nearly caused Zazula to go bankrupt. "This was mortgage money I'm spending, not something I've got put by I'm going to invest," he said later.{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 5: Long-Haired Punks}} Zazula had a hard time finding a distributor for the record, but he eventually convinced Relativity Records to distribute the album in the US and Canada, and Music for Nations in Europe.{{sfn|Dome|Wall|2011|loc=Chapter 1: Kill 'Em All}}

The band intended to title the album Metal Up Your Ass with a cover featuring a hand clutching a dagger emerging from a toilet bowl. However, Zazula convinced them to change the title, because he thought that distributors would not stock it as it was too explicit to display. The final cover featured the shadow of a hand letting go of a bloodied hammer.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=34}} Burton was credited with coming up with the name Kill 'Em All—referring to timid record distributors, saying, "Those record company fuckers ... kill 'em all!"—as a response to the situation.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=89}} Ulrich thought Kill 'Em All was a good name, and Zazula agreed.{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 5: Long-Haired Punks}} Burton suggested to Gary L. Heard, also responsible for the Metallica photograph on the back cover, to feature a bloodied hammer on the album art. According to Hammett, "Cliff carried a hammer with him everywhere he went. He always had a hammer in his luggage, and he would take it out occasionally and start destroying things."{{cite web|last=Uhelszki|first=Jaan|title=Kirk Hammett on Metallica's Kill 'Em All|url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/kirk-hammett-on-metallicas-kill-em-all-173297|publisher=Music Radar|date=September 11, 2008|access-date=October 12, 2016|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325222224/https://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/kirk-hammett-on-metallicas-kill-em-all-173297|url-status=live}} Even though the original title was unused, the band did later release a "Metal Up Your Ass" T-shirt with the proposed artwork.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=34}} A live bootleg recording of a 1982 performance at the Old Waldorf, titled Metal Up Your Ass (Live), featured the original cover artwork.{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 2: Hit the Lights}} Original pressings of the album came with an inner sleeve that included pictures and lyrics as well as a silver label on the vinyl. Subsequent pressings had a blank white sleeve and a standard album label. The 1988 reissue re-introduced the lyrics and photos. The original release can be distinguished by the silver labels with the track listing but without track lengths. Every issue produced has had the phrase "Bang That Head That Doesn't Bang". The phrase "Bang That Head That Doesn't Bang" was dedicated to San Francisco fan Rich Burch, known for his headbanging at the band's early shows.{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 5: Long-Haired Punks}}

{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|"Kill 'Em All{{'}}s lyrics created as much excitement as the band's music. Taken together, the words of the songs on the album form a single theme. It is a concept album that heralds the breakthrough of a new subgenre of metal, its fans, and its leader, Metallica. It is a celebration of metal. It is a call to arms to a new generation of metalheads, many of whom were already armed and ready."|source=—Deena Weinstein, Essays on Debut Albums{{sfn|Weinstein|2013}}}}

Kill 'Em All features intricate riffing reminiscent of the NWOBHM bands played at high velocity. The album is considered crucial in thrash metal's genesis because it introduced fast percussion, low-register chords, and shredding leads to the genre.{{sfn|Gulla|2009|p=102}} Hammett played some pentatonic patterns in addition to his breakneck solos.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=35}} Ulrich adopted a double time snare pattern that would become a mainstay on Metallica's subsequent albums. Hetfield's vocals evolved from the melodic wail on No Life 'til Leather to a rough-edged bark, and the entire band played faster and more accurately on Kill 'Em All.{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 8: 1982–1983}} Author Joel McIver described Burton's and Hetfield's performances as nearly virtuosic, highlighting Burton's smooth-sounding bass and Hetfield's precise picking skills.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=96}} According to journalist Chuck Eddy, the juvenile lyrical approach to topics such as warfare, violence and life on the road gives the album a "naive charm". The musical approach on Kill 'Em All was in contrast to the glam metal bands who dominated the charts in the early 1980s.{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Ben|title=Metallica's Kill 'Em All Turns 30|url=https://www.vh1.com/news/rjxodq/metallica-kill-em-all-turns-30|publisher=VH1|date=July 25, 2013|access-date=May 20, 2021|archive-date=May 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520021108/http://www.vh1.com/news/51229/metallica-kill-em-all-turns-30/|url-status=live}} Because of its rebellious nature and Metallica's street appearance, it appealed to fans who were not into the mainstream of hard rock.

"Hit the Lights" was based on an unfinished Leather Charm song written by Hetfield and Hugh Tanner.{{cite news |last1=Nalbandian |first1=Bob |title=Lloyd Grant interview |url=https://www.musicfanclubs.org/metallica/interviews/00007.htm |access-date=29 July 2023 |agency=Shockwave |date=January 1997 |quote="Hit The Lights" was composed by James and one of his friends. I remember the day I went over to Lars' house , he said, "Check out this song" and he played me "Hit The Lights". We were both into that heavy kind of shit. He wanted me to play some guitar leads on it but I couldn't make it over to Ron McGovney's house to do the recording so James and Lars brought the 4-track over to my apartment and I did the solo on a little Montgomery Ward amp." - Lloyd Grant |archive-date=July 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729224135/https://www.musicfanclubs.org/metallica/interviews/00007.htm |url-status=live }} Hetfield had brought the majority of the song to Ulrich, and the two worked out different arrangements. Performed at 160 beats per minute, "Hit the Lights" opens with fade-in distorted guitars and a short shriek by Hetfield. The song is driven by the 16th note repeated main riff and the continuous eighth note snare drum hits. The lyrics celebrate heavy metal itself and are sung with short and high-pitched vocals.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=9}} The song ends with several lengthy guitar solos by Hammett, who performed cleaner and more melodic versions of Mustaine's leads.

{{Listen

|filename=The Four Horsemen.ogg

|title="The Four Horsemen"

|description="The Four Horsemen" is based on a galloping tremolo picked riff and double bass drum triplets. Its multipart concept preceded the more complex song structures Metallica applied on subsequent albums.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=90}}

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"The Four Horsemen" is a revamp of the Mustaine-penned "The Mechanix", which originally had lyrics about having sex at a gas station.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=194}} A modified version of his composition with the original lyrics appeared on Megadeth's debut Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good! (1985), named "Mechanix". Although Mustaine told Metallica not to use any of his music, Hetfield wrote lyrics about the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and added a bridge and cleanly picked guitar solo in the middle.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=194}} Mustaine said the bridge was inspired by the main riff in Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama".{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 6: 1982}}

"Motorbreath" was written by Hetfield during his time in Leather Charm and tells about life on the road. The song is based on a four-chord verse and a stop-and-start chorus.{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 6: 1982}} The most recognizable parts are Ulrich's drum rolls in each chorus and the riff that accompanies Hammett's solos.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=91}}

"Jump in the Fire" was the first song ever{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/megadeths-dave-mustaine-my-life-in-15-songs-118539/mechanix-128277/ | title=Megadeth's Dave Mustaine: My Life in 15 Songs | magazine=Rolling Stone | date=January 11, 2017 | access-date=May 13, 2022 | archive-date=May 13, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513214131/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/megadeths-dave-mustaine-my-life-in-15-songs-118539/mechanix-128277/ | url-status=live }} written by Mustaine, with lyrics about teenage sexual experience.{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 3: 1981–1982}} Hetfield's revised lyrics for the album were written from Satan's point of view, describing how the devil watches people killing each other, and is sure they will go to hell for their actions.{{sfn|Irwin|2009|p=25}} "Jump in the Fire" was released as a single in the UK in February 1984 to promote a UK tour with Venom.{{cite web|title=Jump in the Fire|url=http://www.metallica.com/releases/jump-in-the-fire.asp|publisher=Metallica.com|access-date=June 17, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404233041/http://www.metallica.com/releases/jump-in-the-fire.asp|archive-date=April 4, 2011}} The single featured "Phantom Lord" and "Seek & Destroy" as live tracks, although they are actually studio recordings with fake crowd noise dubbed over them.{{cite web|last=Brannigan|first=Paul|title=Your Guide to Our Rare Metallica Posters|url=https://www.teamrock.com/features/2015-02-27/your-guide-to-our-rare-metallica-posters|work=Metal Hammer|date=February 27, 2015|access-date=July 8, 2015|archive-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709112559/https://www.teamrock.com/features/2015-02-27/your-guide-to-our-rare-metallica-posters|url-status=live}} The single's cover art features an oil painting titled The Devils of D-Day, created by artist Les Edwards in 1978.{{sfn|Wagner|2010|p=121}}

"(Anesthesia)-Pulling Teeth" is a bass solo by Burton, accompanied on drums by Ulrich. A staple of Burton's live performances since his high school days in the band Agents of Misfortune,{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 3: Leather On Your Lips}} the instrumental track featured Burton's distinctive "lead-bass" style of playing, incorporating heavy distortion, use of wah-wah pedal and tapping.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=200}} Bubacz introduces the track as "Bass solo, take one",{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 5: Long-Haired Punks}} informing listeners that the song was recorded in one take.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=92}} "(Anesthesia)-Pulling Teeth" was the bass solo that Burton was playing when Hetfield and Ulrich first saw him at a gig.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=36}} Hetfield stated: "We heard this wild solo going on and thought, 'I don't see any guitar player up there.' We were both counting the strings and I finally turned to Lars and said, 'Dude, that's a bass!' Cliff was up there on stage with his band Trauma with a wah-wah pedal and his huge mop of red hair. He didn't care whether people were there. He was looking down at his bass, playing."{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=48}} For the album version, Cliff Burton insisted on recording this track alone in an empty room, while the studio technicians were downstairs. He made this recording in one take, after about twenty minutes of preparation.{{cite web|title=Metallica's Kill 'Em All: the stories behind every song|date=July 25, 2022 |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/metallica-kill-em-all-story-behind-every-song|publisher=loudersound.com|access-date=March 26, 2023}}

"Whiplash" was the album's first single, issued on August 8, 1983.{{cite web|title=Whiplash|url=http://www.metallica.com/releases/whiplash.asp|publisher=Metallica.com|access-date=June 17, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502134004/http://www.metallica.com/releases/whiplash.asp|archive-date=May 2, 2011}} It features a swift rhythm line of straight 16th notes played at about 200 beats per minute. Hetfield and Burton performed with palm muted technique and precise metronomic control.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=94}} The lyrics celebrate crowd energy and headbanging.{{sfn|Harrison|2011|p=59}} Rock journalist Mick Wall wrote that "Whiplash" signified the birth of thrash metal, stating: "If one wishes to identify the very moment thrash metal arrived spitting and snarling into the world, 'Whiplash' is indisputably it."{{sfn|Wall|2010|loc=Chapter 5: Long-Haired Punks}}

{{Listen

|filename=Metallica - Seek and Destroy.ogg

|title="Seek & Destroy"

|description=The song opens with thin, mid-register guitars. The last two sections (5:50 onward) feature palm muted riff in low E. Since 2004, "Seek & Destroy" serves as the closer on Metallica's live set.{{sfn|Pillsbury|2006|p=18}}

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"Phantom Lord" is a lyrical nod to devilry. The song begins with a synthesized bass drone and contains a middle section with clean, arpeggiated guitar chords. Written by Mustaine, its central riff is in NWOBHM fashion.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=94}}

"No Remorse" is a mid-tempo song that suddenly accelerates its tempo in the fifth minute.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=95}} The song is about not feeling any remorse or sense of repentance during battle.

"Seek & Destroy" was inspired by Diamond Head's "Dead Reckoning" and is the first song Metallica recorded during the Kill 'Em All sessions. Hetfield wrote the main riff in his truck outside a Los Angeles sticker factory where he was working.{{cite web|title=Prime Cuts: Metallica's James Hetfield and Kirk Hammett Critique Key Songs in the Band's Harsh, Noble History|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/magazine/prime-cuts-metallicas-james-hetfield-and-kirk-hammett-critique-key-songs-band-s-harsh-noble-history|work=Guitar World|date=August 4, 2014|access-date=June 9, 2015|archive-date=January 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131123254/https://www.guitarworld.com/magazine/prime-cuts-metallicas-james-hetfield-and-kirk-hammett-critique-key-songs-band-s-harsh-noble-history|url-status=live}} Because of its simple, one-line chorus, the song became a permanent setlist fixture and a crowd singalong.{{sfn|Dome|Wall|2011|loc=Chapter 1: Kill 'Em All}}

"Metal Militia", one of the fastest songs on the album, is about heavy metal's way of life and nonconformity. Mustaine composed the main riff, which emulates a marching army. The song ends with tramping feet and bullet ricochet in a fade-out.{{sfn|Nys|2009|p=43}}

{{Music ratings

|rev1 = AllMusic

|rev1score = {{Rating|5|5}}{{cite web|last=Huey|first=Steve|title=Metallica: Kill 'Em All|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/kill-em-all-mw0000651567|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=July 13, 2013|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513074405/https://www.allmusic.com/album/kill-em-all-mw0000651567|url-status=live}}

|rev2 = Chicago Tribune

|rev2score = {{Rating|3.5|4}}{{cite news|last=Kot|first=Greg|author-link=Greg Kot|date=December 1, 1991|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1991/12/01/a-guide-to-metallicas-recordings/|title=A Guide to Metallica's Recordings|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=July 28, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927224542/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-12-01/entertainment/9104180330_1_star-cliff-burton-classic-status|url-status=live}}

|rev3 = Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal

|rev3score = 9/10{{sfn|Popoff|2005|p=222}}

|rev4 = Encyclopedia of Popular Music

|rev4score = {{Rating|3|5}}{{sfn|Larkin|2006|p=725}}

|rev5 = The Guardian

|rev5score = {{Rating|4|5}}{{cite web|last=Mongredien|first=Phil|title=Metallica: Kill 'Em All; Ride the Lightning review – metal giants' early years revisited|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/17/metallica-kill-em-all-ride-the-lightning-review-metal-giants-early-years-revisited|work=The Guardian|date=April 17, 2016|access-date=April 17, 2016|archive-date=April 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417162326/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/17/metallica-kill-em-all-ride-the-lightning-review-metal-giants-early-years-revisited|url-status=live}}

|rev6 = Kerrang!

|rev6score = {{Rating|5|5}}{{sfn|Heatley|Lester|Roberts|1998|p=119}}

|rev7 = Metal Forces

|rev7score = 10/10{{cite web|last=Doe|first=Bernard|title=Metallica – Kill 'Em All|url=http://www.metalforcesmagazine.com/site/album-review-metallica-kill-em-all/|work=Metal Forces|date=August 1983|access-date=August 9, 2013|archive-date=August 9, 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130809075023/http://www.metalforcesmagazine.com/site/album-review-metallica-kill-em-all/|url-status=live}}

|rev8 = Pitchfork

|rev8score = 8.6/10{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21755-kill-em-allride-the-lightning/ |title=Metallica: Kill 'Em All/Ride the Lightning Album Review |work=Pitchfork |date=April 13, 2016 |access-date=August 31, 2021 |last=Reyes-Kulkarni |first=Saby |archive-date=August 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831135802/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21755-kill-em-allride-the-lightning/ |url-status=live }}

|rev9 = Q

|rev9score = {{rating|4|5}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=8243557&style=music&fulldesc=T|title=Metallica – Kill 'Em All|publisher=CD Universe|access-date=July 28, 2013|archive-date=November 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130214646/https://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=8243557&style=music&fulldesc=T|url-status=live}}

|rev10 = The Rolling Stone Album Guide

|rev10score = {{Rating|3|5}}{{sfn|Kemp|2004|p=538}}

}}

Kill 'Em All received widespread critical acclaim. Bernard Doe of Metal Forces described Kill 'Em All as one of the fastest and heaviest albums ever recorded, and remarked that the album is not for the faint-hearted. Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune acknowledged it as the "speed metal prototype", but felt the lyrical replication of Judas Priest and the Misfits kept the album short from becoming a classic. In a retrospective review, Billboard praised Kill 'Em All for changing the face of popular music with its unique combination of punk and metal.{{cite magazine|first=Mick|last=Stingley|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/review/4639184/metallicas-kill-em-all-at-30-track-by-track|title=Metallica's 'Kill 'Em All' at 30: Track-By-Track|magazine=Billboard|date=July 25, 2013|access-date=February 7, 2014|archive-date=May 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514015358/https://www.billboard.com/articles/review/4639184/metallicas-kill-em-all-at-30-track-by-track|url-status=live}} AllMusic's Steve Huey called it "the true birth of thrash". He praised Hetfield's highly technical rhythm guitar style and said that the band was "playing with tightly controlled fury even at the most ridiculously fast tempos". Rob Kemp, writing in The Rolling Stone Album Guide, credited the album for consolidating the punk rock and heavy metal scenes, but felt that apart from "Seek & Destroy" and "(Anesthesia)-Pulling Teeth", most of the album had the band "trying to look tough" over enthusiastic but unfinished riff-based songs.{{sfn|Kemp|2004|p=538}}

Journalist Martin Popoff said Kill 'Em All differentiated from the debuts by Metallica's Bay Area contemporaries because the fans could identify with Hetfield's lyrics and the band's appearance.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=35}} Spin{{'}}s Chuck Eddy considered Kill 'Em All the inception of the "extreme metal mania" of the early 1980s. He noted the album did not receive much critical praise at the time of its release but said it aged well and opened the doors for the less commercially successful bands.{{cite web|last=Eddy|first=Chuck|author-link=Chuck Eddy|title=Metallica's Kill 'Em All, the Album to Credit and/or Blame for 'Extreme Metal' Mania, Turns 30|url=http://www.spin.com/2013/07/metallicas-kill-em-all-the-album-to-credit-andor-blame-for-extreme-metal-mania-turns-30/|work=Spin|date=July 25, 2013|access-date=June 7, 2015|archive-date=June 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610105813/http://www.spin.com/2013/07/metallicas-kill-em-all-the-album-to-credit-andor-blame-for-extreme-metal-mania-turns-30/|url-status=live}} Although McIver credits Venom's Welcome to Hell (1981) as the first thrash metal album, he acknowledged Kill 'Em All as a major influence on the flourishing American heavy metal scene.{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 5: The Truth About Thrash Metal}} Despite its "less-than-perfect" production, Loudwire{{'}}s Jon Wiederhorn said that Kill 'Em All sounds like an "influential slice of history" and stands on the same level as classic albums by Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, and Judas Priest.{{cite web|first=Jon|last=Wiederhorn|title=32 Years Ago: Metallica Entered the Studio to Record 'Kill 'Em All'|url=https://loudwire.com/metallica-enter-studio-record-kill-em-all-anniversary/|work=Loudwire|date=May 10, 2015|access-date=June 9, 2015|archive-date=May 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510132145/https://loudwire.com/metallica-enter-studio-record-kill-em-all-anniversary/|url-status=live}}

Kill 'Em All was released on July 25, 1983, by Megaforce with an initial pressing of 15,000 copies.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=33}} Because of the label's financial restrictions, the album was pressed in batches of 500 copies.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=106}} Kill 'Em All had sold 17,000 copies in the US by the end of the year.{{sfn|Gulla|2009|p=102}} Similarly to punk rock acts, Metallica promoted its material through the tape trading network and independent music magazines such as Metal Forces in the UK and Metal Mania in the US.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=85}} The album did not enter the Billboard 200 chart until 1986, when it peaked at number 155 following Metallica's commercial success with its third studio album Master of Puppets.{{cite book|first=Joel|last=Whitburn|author-link=Joel Whitburn|title=Top Pop Albums|url=https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbu|url-access=registration|year=2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbu/page/578 578]|publisher=Record Research |isbn=9780898201475}} The 1988 re-issue on Elektra Records also charted on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 120. It was certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1999 for shipping three million copies in the United States.{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Metallica%22|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914123724/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Metallica%22|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 14, 2012|title=American album certifications – Kill 'Em All|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)|access-date=January 6, 2014}} Despite being the lowest selling Metallica studio album, it helped the band establish its image and build a fanbase in its inaugural years.{{sfn|Weinstein|2013}}

Kill 'Em All, as the first thrash metal album released in the US, had a substantial impact on the emerging scene and inspired numerous bands with its aggression and austere seriousness.{{sfn|Kahn-Harris|2007|p=3}} Guitarist Kerry King acknowledged Slayer was still finding its sound while Metallica had already determined its image and musical identity. Anthrax guitarist Scott Ian was impressed by the album's heaviness and songwriting and said it influenced him as much as the albums by Iron Maiden. Dream Theater's drummer Mike Portnoy observed that Kill 'Em All surpassed the NWOBHM bands in terms of sheer velocity and cited Burton's bass solo as the album's peak. Guitarist Ulf Cederlund of Swedish black metal band Morbid cited "Motorbreath" and "Metal Militia" as songs that influenced him as a young musician.{{sfn|Kahn-Harris|2007|p=56}} Kill 'Em All was ranked at number 35 on Rolling Stone's list of The 100 Greatest Albums of the '80s.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/metallica-kill-em-all-20110322|title=100 Best Albums of the Eighties: Metallica, 'Kill 'Em All'|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=November 16, 1989|access-date=July 28, 2013|archive-date=July 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713053008/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/metallica-kill-em-all-20110322|url-status=live}} Additionally, the album placed at number 54 on "The 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time"{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-debut-albums-of-all-time-20130322/kill-em-all-19691231|title=100 Best Debut Albums of All Time: Metallica, 'Kill 'Em All'|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=October 5, 2013|archive-date=August 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824103553/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-debut-albums-of-all-time-20130322/kill-em-all-19691231|url-status=live}} and again at number 35 on "100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time",{{cite magazine|last1=Grow|first1=Kory|title=100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-metal-albums-of-all-time-w486923/pantera-far-beyond-driven-1994-w487081|magazine=Rolling Stone|publisher=Wenner Media LLC|access-date=June 21, 2017|date=June 21, 2017|archive-date=August 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090739/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-metal-albums-of-all-time-w486923/pantera-far-beyond-driven-1994-w487081|url-status=live}} two lists compiled by the same magazine. Kerrang! listed the album at number 29 among the "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time".{{cite journal|last=Russell|first=Xavier|title=Metallica: Kill 'Em All|journal=Kerrang!|page=222|publisher=Spotlight Publications Ltd.|date=January 21, 1989}} In 2010, Consequence of Sound ranked it number 94 among its "Top 100 Albums Ever".{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

In late July 1983, Metallica embarked on the two-month Kill 'Em All for One tour with British co-headliners Raven. The tour name melded the titles of the albums the two bands were promoting: Metallica's Kill 'Em All and Raven's All for One, both released on Megaforce. The two groups met in Zazula's home two days before the tour began and traveled in the same vehicle throughout the tour with five roadies and sound engineer Whitaker. The tour was set to conclude with three shows in San Francisco, thus Hetfield painted "No Life 'til Frisco" on the Winnebago tour bus. The tour had a few poorly attended gigs, such as a performance at the Cheers club in Babylon, New York, attended by some 50 people. After the conclusion of Kill 'Em All for One in early September, Metallica returned to El Cerrito to work on new material. Seven weeks after the tour ended, Metallica booked a number of performances at Bay Area clubs, the first a Halloween gig at the Keystone in Palo Alto. At the Country Club in Reseda, the group debuted "Fight Fire with Fire" and "Creeping Death", along with an early version of "The Call of Ktulu", then titled "When Hell Freezes Over". Three days later, at a gig at The Stone in San Francisco, Metallica premiered "Ride the Lightning", the title track from the upcoming album. In December, Metallica went on a short tour in the Midwest and eastern United States with a three-man road crew: Whitaker, guitar technician John Marshall, and drum technician Dave Marrs. The concert of January 14, 1984, in Boston, was canceled because the band's equipment was stolen the night before.{{sfn|Winwood|Brannigan|2013|loc=Chapter 4: Seek & Destroy}}

In February, Metallica embarked on its first European trek with Twisted Sister, supporting Venom's Seven Dates of Hell tour.{{sfn|Popoff|2013|p=39}} The tour was sponsored by Metallica's UK distributor, Music for Nations, who released the "Jump in the Fire" EP for that occasion. The first show was at the Volkshaus in Zurich on February 3.{{sfn|McIver|2014|loc=Chapter 10: 1983–1984}} At the Aardschok Festival in Zwolle on February 11, Metallica played in front of 7,000 people, its largest audience at the time. The tour stretched through countries such as Italy, Germany, France, and Belgium, culminating in two sold-out shows at the Marquee Club in London.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=111}} After concluding the Seven Dates of Hell tour, Metallica headed to Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen to record its second album, Ride the Lightning.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=109}} By the end of the tour, Kill 'Em All had sold 60,000 copies worldwide and Metallica began to gain international recognition.{{sfn|McIver|2009|p=106}} On June 8, 2013, at the Orion Festival, billed as the fictional band Dehaan, Metallica played the album in its entirety for the first time ever to mark the 30 year anniversary of the album.

The bonus tracks on the 1988 re-release were originally recorded as B-sides for the "Creeping Death" single in 1984, later known as Garage Days Revisited, and would later appear on the compilation album Garage Inc. (1998). The bonus tracks on the digital reissue was recorded live at the Seattle Coliseum, Seattle, Washington, on August 29, 1989, and also appeared on the live album Live Shit: Binge & Purge (1993).

{{Track listing

| headline = Side one

| title1 = Hit the Lights

| writer1 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Lars Ulrich}}

| length1 = 4:17

| title2 = The Four Horsemen

| writer2 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich|Dave Mustaine}}

| length2 = 7:13

| title3 = Motorbreath

| writer3 = Hetfield

| length3 = 3:08

| title4 = Jump in the Fire

| writer4 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich|Mustaine}}

| length4 = 4:41

| title5 = (Anesthesia) – Pulling Teeth

| writer5 = Cliff Burton{{Cite web|url=https://www.metallica.com/songs/anesthesia-pulling-teeth.html|title=Metallica Song Catalog: (Anesthesia) - Pulling Teeth | Metallica.com|website=www.metallica.com|access-date=December 25, 2023|archive-date=December 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225115142/https://www.metallica.com/songs/anesthesia-pulling-teeth.html|url-status=live}}

| length5 = 4:14

| title6 = Whiplash

| writer6 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich}}

| length6 = 4:08

| total_length = 27:41

}}

{{Track listing

| headline = Side two

| title7 = Phantom Lord

| writer7 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich|Mustaine}}

| length7 = 5:01

| title8 = No Remorse

| writer8 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich}}

| length8 = 6:26

| title9 = Seek & Destroy

| writer9 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich}}

| length9 = 6:54

| title10 = Metal Militia

| writer10 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich|Mustaine}}

| length10 = 5:11

| total_length = 23:39 (51:20)

}}

{{Track listing

| headline = Bonus tracks (1988 Elektra reissue){{Cite web|title=Kill 'Em All|url=https://www.metallica.com/releases/albums/release-4209.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 25, 2021|website=Metallica.com|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627200823/https://www.metallica.com/releases/albums/release-4209.html}}

| title11 = Am I Evil?

| note11 = Diamond Head cover

| writer11 = {{hlist|Sean Harris|Brian Tatler}}

| length11 = 7:50

| title12 = Blitzkrieg

| note12 = Blitzkrieg cover

| writer12 = {{hlist|Brian Ross|Ian Jones|Jim Sirotto}}

| length12 = 3:37

| total_length = 62:47

}}

{{Track listing

| headline = Bonus tracks (digital reissue)

| title11 = The Four Horsemen

| note11 = live

| writer11 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich|Mustaine}}

| title12 = Whiplash

| note12 = live

| writer12 = {{hlist|Hetfield|Ulrich}}

}}

In 2016, the album was remastered and reissued in a limited edition deluxe box set with an expanded track listing and bonus content. The deluxe edition set includes the original album on vinyl and CD, a picture disc with the original "Jump in the Fire" single tracklist, four CDs of interviews, rough mixes, and live recordings recorded from 1983 to 1984, and a DVD of a live concert in Chicago.{{cite web |title=Kill 'Em All (Remastered Deluxe Box Set) |url=https://www.metallica.com/releases/reissues/release-4607.html |website=Metallica.com |publisher=Metallica, Blackened Recordings |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217202614/https://www.metallica.com/releases/reissues/release-4607.html |url-status=live }}

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.{{cite book|title=Kill 'Em All liner notes|year=1983|publisher=Megaforce Records}}

Metallica

• James Hetfield – vocals, rhythm guitar
• Lars Ulrich – drums
• Cliff Burton – bass
• Kirk Hammett – lead guitar

Production

• Paul Curcio – production
• Jon Zazula – executive producer
• Chris Bubacz – engineer
• Andy Wroblewski – assistant engineer
• Jack Skinner – mastering
• Bob Ludwig – mastering (Elektra reissue)
• George Marino – 1995 remastering
• Howie Weinberg – 2016 remastering
• Metallica, Mark Whitaker – production on the Elektra reissue bonus tracks
• Jeffrey "Nik" Norman – engineer on the Elektra reissue bonus tracks

Artwork

• Gary L. Heard – front and back cover design photos
• Kevin Hodapp – inner sleeve photos
• Shari & Harold Risch – graphics, design, and layout

Digital reissue bonus tracks

• Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals
• Mike Gillies – mixing

{{Certification Table Top}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=Argentina|type=album|award=Platinum|relyear=1983|certyear=2011|title=Kill 'Em All|artist=Metallica|certref={{Cite web | url = http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110820130534/http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=&album=&LanDesde_MM=1&LanDesde_AA=1980&LanHasta_MM=12&LanHasta_AA=2010&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP| archive-date = August 20, 2011 | language = es | publisher = Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas | access-date = January 10, 2021 | title = Discos de Oro y Platino}}}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=Australia|type=album|award=Platinum|number=2|relyear=1983|certyear=2024|access-date=8 March 2024|refname="ARIA"}}

{{Certification Table Entry|title=Kill 'Em All|artist=Metallica|relyear=1983|type=album|region=Canada|award=Platinum|certyear=1994|access-date=March 28, 2014}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=Germany|artist=Metallica|title=Kill 'Em All|relyear=1983|certyear=2019|type=album|award=Gold|access-date=May 25, 2019}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=Poland|type=album|artist=Metallica|title=Kill 'Em All|award=Platinum|relyear=1983|certyear=2021|access-date=July 29, 2021}}

{{Certification Table Entry|title=Kill 'Em All|artist=Metallica|relyear=1983|region=United Kingdom|type=album|award=Gold|certyear=2013|certmonth=7|id=9240-2158-2|access-date=March 28, 2014}}

{{Certification Table Entry|title=Kill 'Em All|artist=Metallica|relyear=1983|region=United States|type=album|award=Platinum|number=4|certyear=1999|access-date=March 28, 2014|salesamount=4,500,000|salesref={{cite web|last=Young|first=Simon|date=March 9, 2023|title=Here are the astonishing US sales stats for every Metallica album|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/metallica-album-sales-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311130902/https://www.loudersound.com/features/metallica-album-sales-us |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023|website=Metal Hammer}}}}

{{Certification Table Bottom|streaming=true}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Dome|Wall|2011}} |author1-last=Dome |author1-first=Malcolm |author1-link=Malcolm Dome |author2-last=Wall |author2-first=Mick |author2-link=Mick Wall |year=2013 |title=Metallica: The Music and the Mayhem |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-0-85712-721-1}}
• {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|Gulla|2009}} |last=Gulla |first=Bob |author-link=Bob Gulla |year=2013 |title=Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-35806-7}}
• {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Thomas |year=2011 |title=Music of the 1980s |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-36600-0}}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Heatley |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Lester |editor2-first=Paul |editor3-last=Roberts |editor3-first=Chris |year=1998 |title=The Encyclopedia of Albums |publisher=Dempsey Parr |isbn=978-1-84084-031-5}}
• {{cite book |last=Irwin |first=William |chapter=The Search Goes On: Christian, Warrior, Buddhist |author-link=William Irwin (philosopher) |editor1-last=Irwin |editor1-first=William |editor1-link=William Irwin (philosopher) |year=2009 |title=Metallica and Philosophy: A Crash Course in Brain Surgery |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-6348-4 |pages=16–28}}
• {{cite book |last=Kahn-Harris |first=Keith |author-link=Keith Kahn-Harris |year=2007 |title=Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge |publisher=Berg Publishers |isbn=978-1-84520-398-6}}
• {{cite book |last=Kemp |first=Rob |chapter=Metallica |editor1-last=Brackett |editor1-first=Nathan |editor2-last=Hoard |editor2-first=Christian David |year=2004 |title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=0-7432-0169-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/538 538, 539] }}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Larkin |editor1-first=Colin |editor1-link=Colin Larkin (writer) |year=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of Popular Music |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-531373-9 |edition=4th |volume=5}}
• {{cite book |last=McIver |first=Joel |author-link=Joel McIver |year=2009 |title=To Live Is to Die: The Life and Death of Metallica's Cliff Burton |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-1-906002-24-4}}
• {{cite book |last=McIver |first=Joel |year=2014 |title=Justice for All — The Truth About Metallica |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-1-78323-123-2}}
• {{cite book |last=Nys |first=Thomas |chapter=Through the Mist and the Madness: Metallica's Message of Nonconformity, Individuality, and Truth |editor1-last=Irwin |editor1-first=William |editor1-link=William Irwin (philosopher) |year=2009 |title=Metallica and Philosophy: A Crash Course in Brain Surgery |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-6348-4 |pages=41–52}}
• {{cite book |last=Pillsbury |first=Glenn |year=2006 |title=Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-97374-8}}
• {{cite book |last=Popoff |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Popoff |title=The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal: The Eighties |publisher=Collector's Guide Publishing |volume=2 |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-894959-31-5}}
• {{cite book |last=Popoff |first=Martin |year=2013 |title=Metallica: The Complete Illustrated History |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-0-7603-4482-8}}
• {{cite book |last=Wagner |first=Jeff |year=2010 |title=Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal |publisher=Bazillion Points Books |isbn=978-0-9796163-3-4}}
• {{cite book |last=Wall |first=Mick |year=2010 |title=Enter Night: A Biography of Metallica |publisher=Orion Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-40911-297-6}}
• {{cite book |last=Weinstein |first=Deena |author-link=Deena Weinstein |chapter= Metallica Kills |editor1-last=Plasketes |editor1-first=George |year=2013 |title=Please Allow Me to Introduce Myself: Essays on Debut Albums |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd |isbn=978-1-472-40280-6 |pages=149–56}}
• {{cite book |author1-last=Winwood |author1-first=Ian |author2-last=Brannigan |author2-first=Paul |year=2013 |title=Birth School Metallica Death |volume=1 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-29416-9}}

{{refend}}

• {{Official website}}
• {{Discogs master|type=album|6387|name=Kill 'Em All}}
• {{Discogs release|type=album|1128562|name=Metal Up Your Ass}} (bootleg release featuring the original cover concept for Kill 'Em All)

{{Metallica}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Metallica albums

Category:1983 debut albums

Category:Megaforce Records albums

Category:Elektra Records albums

Category:Vertigo Records albums