Kimishige Ishizaka
{{Short description|Japanese immunologist (1925–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Kimishige Ishizaka
| native_name = 石坂 公成
| native_name_lang = ja
| image = Kimishige Ishizaka 19971212.jpg
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| caption = Ishizaka in 1997
| birth_date = {{birth date |df=yes|1925|12|03}}
| birth_place = Tokyo, Japan
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|07|06|1925|12|03}}
| death_place = Yamagata, Japan
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| other_names = Kimi Ishizaka
| citizenship = Japan
| fields = Immunology
| workplaces = {{ubl|University of Colorado Denver|Johns Hopkins University|La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology}}
| education = University of Tokyo
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| notable_students = Tadamitsu Kishimoto
| known_for = Discovery of IgE
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| awards = {{ubl|Passano Award (1972)|Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (1973)|Gairdner Foundation International Award (1973)|Asahi Prize (1973)|Japan Academy Prize (1974)|Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy (1974)|Japan Prize (2000)}}
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| spouse = Teruko Ishizaka
| children =
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}}
{{nihongo|Kimishige "Kimi" Ishizaka|石坂 公成|Ishizaka Kimishige|3 December 1925 – 6 July 2018}} was a Japanese immunologist who, with his wife Teruko Ishizaka, discovered the antibody class Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 1966–1967.{{cite journal |vauthors=Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T, Hornbrook MM |title=Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=75–85 |year=1966 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.97.1.75 |pmid=4162440 }} Their work was regarded as a major breakthrough in the understanding of allergy. He was awarded the 1973 Gairdner Foundation International Award and the 2000 Japan Prize for his work in immunology.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/570250.stm |title=Japan Prize laureates announced |access-date=12 November 2007 |work=BBC News | date=17 December 1999}}
Early life and education
Ishizaka was born in Tokyo to Koki and Kiku Ishizaka. His father was a career soldier who retired in 1933 as a lieutenant general.
Ishizaka obtained his medical qualifications and PhD in 1948 from the University of Tokyo. He "was captivated by immunology while taking a summer course in college" and abandoned plans to become a physician.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/26/obituaries/dr-kimishige-ishizaka-who-found-allergy-link-dies-at-92.html |title=Dr. Kimishige Ishizaka, Who Found Allergy Link, Dies at 92 |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=2018-07-26 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-07-19 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}
Career
From 1953 to 1962, he headed the immunoserology division at the department of serology at the Japanese National Institute of Health. During his tenure in that position he spent two years as a research fellow at Caltech (1957–1959).{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanprize.jp/en/prize_prof_2000_ishizaka.html|title=Laureates of the Japan Prize: Dr. Kimishige Ishizaka|date=2000|website=The Japan Prize Foundation|language=en|access-date=8 July 2018}}{{Cite journal|date=2014|editor-last=Bergmann|editor-first=K. C.|editor2-last=Ring|editor2-first=J.|title=Kimishige Ishizaka|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/360100|journal=Chemical Immunology and Allergy|volume=100|issue=History of Allergy|pages=356–360|via=S. Karger AG|doi=10.1159/000360100|pmid=24925421|isbn=978-3-318-02194-3|last1=Ishizaka|first1=K.|last2=Bergmann|first2=K. C.|last3=Ring|first3=J.}}
In 1962, Ishizaka and his wife Teruko were recruited by Sam Bukantz, medical director of the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital (CARIH), and moved to Denver, Colorado.{{cite journal|last1=Cohen|first1=Sheldon|title=The Ishizakas and the search for reaginic antibodies|url=http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)03232-4/pdf|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|date=March 2005}} He assumed the post of assistant professor of microbiology at the University of Colorado Medical School, as well as chief of immunology of its associated Children's Asthma Research Institute and CARIH.{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/foundations/self-experimentation-led-to-the-discovery-of-ige-31420|title=Self-Experimentation Led to the Discovery of IgE|last=Anderson|first=Andrea|date=1 June 2017|website=The Scientist Magazine|language=en|access-date=8 July 2018}} In 1965, he was promoted to associate professor at University of Colorado Denver.
While at Denver, the Ishizakas discovered the antibody class Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 1966–1967{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLLxCAAAQBAJ|title=Atlas of Immunology|last1=Cruse|first1=Julius M.|last2=Lewis|first2=Robert E.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-662-11196-3|pages=20|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2pFCQAAQBAJ|title=Food Allergies|last=Richer|first=Alice C.|date=30 April 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35274-4|pages=8|language=en}} and its interplay with mast cells.{{cite web|url=http://www.japanprize.jp/en/prize_past_2000_prize02.html|title=Laureates of the Japan Prize: Dr Kimishige Ishizaka –Award Citation|date=2000|website=The Japan Prize Foundation|access-date=12 November 2007}} They demonstrated the IgE's critical role in mediating the release of histamine from mast cells.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BKnRDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA118|title=Milestones in Immunology: Based on Collected Papers|author=Domenico Ribatti|date=13 June 2017|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-811329-5|pages=118–9}} The discovery of IgE is considered a milestone in immunology and the understanding of allergy.
In 1970, Ishizaka was appointed as O'Neill Professor of Medicine and Microbiology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as professor of biology at the Faculty of Arts and Science. From 1982 to 1986, he served as president of the Collegium International Allergologicum. He was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1983.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/47971.html|title=Kimishige Ishizaka|website=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=8 July 2018}} Ishaka remained at the university until 1989, when he became scientific director, and then president in 1990, of the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology in La Jolla, California.{{cite web|url=http://www.liai.org/pages/history|title=About the founding director|author=Kimishige Ishizaka|publisher=La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology}}
After retiring in 1996,{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Yun-Cai|last2=Elly|first2=Chris|last3=Yoshida|first3=Hideaki|last4=Bonnefoy-Berard|first4=Nathalie|last5=Altman|first5=Amnon|date=14 June 1996|title=Activation-modulated Association of 14–3–3 Proteins with Cbl in T Cells|url=http://www.jbc.org/content/271/24/14591.full.pdf|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|language=en|volume=271|issue=24|pages=14591–14595|doi=10.1074/jbc.271.24.14591|issn=0021-9258|pmid=8663231|s2cid=24171482|doi-access=free}} he returned to Japan and served as honorary director of the Institute of Immunology at Yamagata University.{{Cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL763R21L76ULBJ008.html|title=石坂公成さんが死去 アレルギー発症の仕組み解明：朝日新聞デジタル|date=6 July 2018|work=Asahi News|access-date=7 July 2018|language=ja-JP}}
Recognition
The Ishizakas received numerous awards for their work in allergy and immunology. In 1972, they received the Passano Foundation Award.{{Cite journal|last1=Sri Kantha|first1=Sachi|last2=Yamamoto|first2=Saori|date=1 August 2015|title=Trend-setting women scientists of biomedical research in Japan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281832977|journal=International Medical Journal|volume=22|pages=224–226}} In 1973, he received the German Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize, the Takeda Medical Award, the first Scientific Achievement Award of the International Association of Allergology and together received the Gairdner Foundation International Award. In 1974, he received the Asahi Cultural Award, the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy, and the Japanese Order of Culture. In 1979, they received the Borden Award. In 2000, he was awarded the 16th Japan Prize.
Personal life and death
Ishizaka was married to Teruko Ishizaka, his partner in many of their discoveries. He died of heart failure at the age of 92 on 6 July 2018 at Yamagata University Hospital in Yamagata, Yamagata.
References
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External links
- [http://www.liai.org/ La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology]
{{Japan Prize}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ishizaka, Kimishige}}
Category:Japanese immunologists
Category:University of Tokyo alumni
Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
Category:Recipients of the Order of Culture
Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Category:University of Colorado Denver faculty
Category:Japanese expatriates in the United States
Category:Physicians from Tokyo