Kingisepp

{{Quote box |width=25em |align=left |bgcolor=#B0D4DE

|title=Historical affiliations

|fontsize=85% |quote={{flagicon image|Nowogród.svg}} Novgorod Republic 1384–1478

{{flagicon image|Lob flag moskovskiy.svg}} Grand Duchy of Moscow 1478–1547

{{flagicon image|Flag of Oryol (variant).svg}} Tsardom of Russia 1547–1583

{{flag|Kingdom of Sweden}} 1583–1595

{{flagicon image|Flag of Oryol (variant).svg}} Tsardom of Russia 1595–1617

{{flag|Kingdom of Sweden}} 1617–1721

{{flagicon image|Flag of Oryol (variant).svg}} Tsardom of Russia 1703–1721 (occupation)

{{flag|Russian Empire}} 1721–1917

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Republic 1917

{{flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg}} Soviet Russia 1917–1919

{{flagicon|Russia}} White Movement 1919

{{flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg}} Soviet Russia 1919–1922

{{flag|Soviet Union}} 1922–1991

{{flag|Nazi Germany}} 1941–1944 (occupation)

{{flag|Russian Federation}} 1991–present

}}

The town was first documented in 1384, when the Novgorodians under Patrikas built there a fortress against the Swedes.{{cite book|title=Новгород и новгородская земля в XV веке (Novgorod and the Novgorod Land in the 15th century)|last=Bernadsky|first=Viktor Nikolayevich|year=1961|publisher=published by the USSR Academy of Sciences|location=Leningrad|pages=123–124}} It was called Yama or Yamsky Gorodok, after the Izhorian (ethnic Finnic group) name Jaama. The environs of the town are still cited as the main location of speakers of the nearly extinct Izhorian language. The citadel withstood sieges by the Swedes in 1395 and by the Teutonic Knights during the 1444–1448 war.

The town became the most important economic center of the {{ill|Vodskaya pyatina|ru|Водская пятина}} of the Novgorod Republic. There were 201 homesteads in the 15th century in the town; its total population can only be evaluated roughly based on the estimates of three to five persons per homestead. At the end of the Livonian War, it was ceded to Sweden, only to be returned twelve years later, in 1595.

File:Jaaman linna.jpg

Following the Treaty of Stolbovo, it again passed to the Swedes, who kept the name which in Swedish orthography became Jama or Jamo. The town was completely destroyed by Russian armies during the war of 1656–1658, after which only the citadel remained intact. The Swedes demolished the citadel in 1681.{{Cite web|last=Agrafenin Anatoliy|date=2016-07-24|title=Неизвестная Ленобласть: В поисках древнего Ямбурга (The unknown Leningrad oblast: in search of the old Yamburg)|url=https://www.spb.kp.ru/daily/26559.5/3575394/|access-date=2020-09-22|website=spb.kp.ru - Сайт «Комсомольской правды»}} It is questionable whether the town, with its exclusively Russian population, ever recovered.

First held by the Russians for a month in late 1700,{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} what was left of the citadel was finally taken by the Russians in the course of the Great Northern War in 1703.{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|pages=188}} On May 14, 1703, Yam was renamed Yamburg{{cite web|script-title=ru:Кингисепп - официальный сайт Администрации МО Кингисеппское городское поселение - История |url=http://www.kingisepp-mo.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=76&Itemid=369 |publisher=Официальный сайт Администрации |access-date=March 3, 2014 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303204029/http://www.kingisepp-mo.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=76&Itemid=369 |archive-date=March 3, 2014 }} (a German version of the name). Five years later, Peter the Great granted the town to Alexander Menshikov in his capacity of the Duke of Izhora. In the course of the administrative reform, Yamburg was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate).{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} In 1780, Catherine the Great re-approved with some changes a previously existing coat of arms. Uyezd town status was granted to it in 1784.

File:Bridge near Jambourg, on the river Luga (1919) (14150975787).jpg

Vladimir Lenin reportedly stayed in Yamburg in January 1919, when he ordered the Bolshevik troops to retake the town of Narva from Estonian forces.{{cite news|title=Allies Repulse Reds' Attack at the Dvina|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-01-29/ed-1/seq-3/|access-date=March 3, 2014|newspaper=New York Tribune|date=January 29, 1919}} In October 1919, the anti-Bolshevist commander, General Nikolai Yudenich captured Yamburg, which marked the beginning of the push by the Northwestern White Army towards Petrograd.{{cite news|title=Push on Petrograd Marked by Taking of Russian Town|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88078751/1919-10-14/ed-1/seq-1/|access-date=March 3, 2014|newspaper=The Democratic Banner|date=October 14, 1919|agency=Ohio Historical Society|location=Columbus, OH|page=1}} However, the Bolsheviks subsequently re-captured Yamburg on November 14, 1919.{{cite news|title=Bolsheviki Grain Near Petrograd|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-11-15/ed-1/seq-4/|access-date=March 3, 2014|newspaper=New York Tribune|date=November 15, 1919|agency=Library of Congress|location=Washington, DC|page=4}} On November 16, 1919, the forces of General Yudenich were "crowded together in a small space near Yamburg" "in a serious state of disorganization", reported The New York Times.{{cite news|title=Yudenitch a Refuge? Bolshevist Commander Said to Have Arrived in Esthonian Capital.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/11/23/118235900.pdf|access-date=March 3, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 23, 1919|page=7}}

The German form of the town name was retained until 1922, when the Bolsheviks renamed it in honor of the exiled Estonian Communist leader Viktor Kingissepp.

{{Main|Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive}}

During World War II, Kingisepp was occupied by German troops from August 16, 1941 until February 1, 1944, when the 109th Rifle Corps captured the town, forcing the German 18th Army into new positions on the eastern bank of Narva.{{cite book|author=David M. Glantz|title=The Battle for Leningrad: 1941-1944|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence|year=2002|isbn=0-7006-1208-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/battleforleningr00glan}}

In the beginning of the 20th century, Yamburg was the seat of Yamburgsky Uyezd of St. Petersburg Governorate (later known as Petrograd and Leningrad Governorate).{{cite web|url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/147083/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3|script-title=ru:Ямбург, город|publisher=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary|language=ru|access-date=3 March 2014}} On May 17, 1922, Yamburgsky Uyezd was renamed Kingiseppsky, simultaneously with the town.{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/7_jamburg.htm|script-title=ru:Ямбургский уезд (1917 г. - май 1922 г.), Кингисеппский уезд (май 1922 г. - август 1927 г.)|publisher=Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга|language=ru|access-date=March 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411181335/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/7_jamburg.htm|archive-date=April 11, 2013|url-status=dead}}

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Kingiseppsky District, with the administrative center in Kingisepp, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/57_Kingiseppsky_rayon.htm|script-title=ru:Кингисеппский район (август 1927 г.)|publisher=Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга|language=ru|access-date=February 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211121714/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/57_Kingiseppsky_rayon.htm|archive-date=December 11, 2013|url-status=dead}} On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Kingisepp was the administrative center of Kingisepp Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. After Kingisepp Okrug was abolished on September 19, 1940, Kingisepp became a town of oblast significance on December 17, 1940. In 2010, the administrative structure of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with the municipal structure{{cite web|url=http://msu.lenobl.ru/news?id=38614|script-title=ru:Отчет о работе комитета по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Ленинградской области в 2010 году|publisher=Комитет по печати и связям с общественностью Ленинградской области|language=ru|access-date=March 3, 2014}} and Kingisepp became a town of district significance.

{{Weather box

|location = Kingisepp

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|width = auto

|collapsed =

|Jan record high C = 8.6

|Feb record high C = 10.3

|Mar record high C = 17.6

|Apr record high C = 27.0

|May record high C = 33.2

|Jun record high C = 34.9

|Jul record high C = 33.6

|Aug record high C = 35.0

|Sep record high C = 29.9

|Oct record high C = 21.0

|Nov record high C = 13.0

|Dec record high C = 11.6

|Jan high C = -2.5

|Feb high C = -2.1

|Mar high C = 2.9

|Apr high C = 10.4

|May high C = 17.0

|Jun high C = 20.8

|Jul high C = 23.3

|Aug high C = 21.6

|Sep high C = 16.1

|Oct high C = 8.8

|Nov high C = 2.6

|Dec high C = -0.6

|Jan mean C = -4.9

|Feb mean C = -5.2

|Mar mean C = -1.1

|Apr mean C = 5.3

|May mean C = 11.3

|Jun mean C = 15.6

|Jul mean C = 18.2

|Aug mean C = 16.4

|Sep mean C = 11.5

|Oct mean C = 5.7

|Nov mean C = 0.6

|Dec mean C = -2.6

|Jan low C = -7.5

|Feb low C = -8.3

|Mar low C = -5.0

|Apr low C = 0.6

|May low C = 5.4

|Jun low C = 10.2

|Jul low C = 13.1

|Aug low C = 11.6

|Sep low C = 7.5

|Oct low C = 2.8

|Nov low C = -1.5

|Dec low C = -4.8

|Jan record low C = -38.1

|Feb record low C = -40.0

|Mar record low C = -32.8

|Apr record low C = -26.1

|May record low C = -6.1

|Jun record low C = -1.1

|Jul record low C = 2.8

|Aug record low C = 0.0

|Sep record low C = -6.1

|Oct record low C = -12.8

|Nov record low C = -22.8

|Dec record low C = -40.0

|Jan precipitation mm = 52

|Feb precipitation mm = 42

|Mar precipitation mm = 40

|Apr precipitation mm = 39

|May precipitation mm = 50

|Jun precipitation mm = 77

|Jul precipitation mm = 74

|Aug precipitation mm = 95

|Sep precipitation mm = 65

|Oct precipitation mm = 74

|Nov precipitation mm = 62

|Dec precipitation mm = 58

|source 1 = www.pogodaiklimat.ru

{{cite web

| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/26059.htm

| title = Климат Кингисеппа - Погода и климат

| access-date = 12 December 2021

| language = ru}}

}}

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kingisepp serves as the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District.Oblast Law #32-oz As an administrative division, it is, together with the village of Porkhovo, incorporated within Kingiseppsky District as Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation. As a municipal division, Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Kingiseppsky Municipal District as Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement.Law #81-oz

The economy of Kingisepp is based on chemical, glass, and food industries. It is the location for the EuroChem Northwest ammonia plant which has the largest single-train production capacity in Europe, at 1 million tpy.

{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfertilizer.com/nitrogen/07062019/eurochem-opens-new-us1-billion-ammonia-plant-in-kingisepp-russia|title=EuroChem opens new US$1 billion ammonia plant in Kingisepp, Russia|date=June 7, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurochemgroup.com/media-announcements/eurochem-opens-new-1bn-ammonia-plant-in-kingisepp-russia|title = EuroChem opens new $1bn ammonia plant in Kingisepp, Russia - EuroChem Group|date = June 7, 2019}}

The railway connecting St. Petersburg with Tallinn passes through Kingisepp and has a railway station in it. There is infrequent suburban service to the Baltiysky railway station in St. Petersburg and to Ivangorod.

The A180 Highway, connecting St. Petersburg and Ivangorod, passes Kingisepp as well. It coincides with the European route E20 connecting St. Petersburg via Tallinn. Kingisepp is also connected by road with Volosovo and Slantsy.

File:Кингисепп, Екатерининский собор.JPG]]

Kingisepp contains thirteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally seventeen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include the Yam Fortress, the {{Ill|Saint Catherine Cathedral, Kingisepp|ru|Екатерининский собор (Кингисепп)}} (by Antonio Rinaldi), and the complex of military barracks of the 19th century.{{RKN_base}}

Kingisepp has a local history museum. It was open in 1960 and is located in the buildings of the St. Catherine Cathedral. In 1990, the cathedral was transferred to Russian Orthodox Church and the museum was closed until 1999, when it re-opened in the former building of the commercial school, an architecture monument.{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M247 |script-title=ru:Кингисеппский историко-краеведческий музей |publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия |language=ru |access-date=April 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413030058/http://www.museum.ru/M247 |archive-date=April 13, 2013 }}

File:Ямбург 0022.jpg

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Kingisepp is twinned with:{{cite web|title=Международные контакты|url=http://www.kingisepplo.ru/contacts/index.htm|website=kingisepplo.ru|publisher=Kingisepp|language=ru|access-date=2020-02-06|archive-date=February 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202165741/http://www.kingisepplo.ru/contacts/index.htm|url-status=dead}}

{{div col|colwidth=15em}}

• {{flagicon|POL}} Bielsk Podlaski, Poland
• {{flagicon|EST}} Jõhvi, Estonia
• {{flagicon|NOR}} Narvik, Norway
• {{flagicon|GEO}} Pitsunda, Georgia
• {{Flagicon|FIN}} Raisio, Finland
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Renhuai, China
• {{flagicon|GER}} Sassnitz, Germany
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Svietlahorsk, Belarus

{{div col end}}

• Aleksei Ionov (1989), association football player
• Vera Karelina (1870–1931), labor activist and revolutionary
• Aleksandr Kerzhakov (1982), association football player
• Mikhail Kerzhakov (1987), association football player
• Pavel Mogilevets (1993), association football player
• Grigory Spiridonovich Petrov (1868–1925), politician
• Ivan Shpakov (1986), association football player
• Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann (1861–1938), scientist

{{Reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|len|adm|list}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|len|mun|list|kingiseppsky}}

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• {{Official website|http://www.kingisepp-mo.ru/ }} {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://makewebmap.com/city.php?kod=2371698-ru Pictures of Kingisepp]

{{Leningrad Oblast}}

{{Major fortresses of Western Russia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Leningrad Oblast

Category:Kingiseppsky District

Category:Yamburgsky Uyezd