Kiryat Anavim

{{Infobox Israel village

| name = Kiryat Anavim

| hebname = קריית ענבים

| meaning = City of Grapes

| altOffSp = Qiryat Anavim

| image = KiryatAnavimNov082021.jpg

| founded = 1920

| founded_by = Ukrainian Jews

| country = {{ISR}}

| district = jerusalem

| council = Mateh Yehuda

| affiliation = Kibbutz Movement

| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}

| population = {{Israel populations|Qiryat Anavim}}

| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}

| pushpin_map = Israel jerusalem#Israel | pushpin_mapsize = 250

| coordinates = {{coord|31|48|39|N|35|7|12|E|display=inline,title}}

| area_dunam =

| website = [http://www.kiryatanavim.com/ kiryatanavim.com]

}}

Kiryat Anavim ({{langx|he|קריית ענבים||City of Grapes}}) is a kibbutz in the Judean Hills of Israel. It was the first kibbutz established in the Judean Hills.[http://kiryatanavim.homestead.com/whoweare.html Our History] Kiryat Anavim It is located west of Jerusalem, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Qiryat Anavim}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}

History

The land on which the kibbutz stands was purchased from the neighboring village of Abu Ghosh, and the name Kiryat Anavim is a hebraization of Qaryat al-'Inab ({{langx|ar|قرية العنب}}), the older name of Abu Ghosh, which in turn is identified with the biblical town of Kiriath-Jearim. In 1912 the Abu Ghosh family sold thousands of dunams to Arthur Ruppin, who represented the Zionist movement.{{Cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/24604698/Army-of-Shadows-Palestinian-Colaboration-With-Zionism-1917-1948 |title=Army of shadows: Palestinian collaboration with Zionism, 1917 – 1948 / Hillel Cohen |access-date=2017-09-09 |archive-date=2010-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709005730/http://www.scribd.com/doc/24604698/Army-of-Shadows-Palestinian-Colaboration-With-Zionism-1917-1948 |url-status=dead }} In 1919 a group of 6 pioneers from the Ukrainian town of Kamieniec Podolski and Preluki settled on the land, near a small spring called "Dilb" so-called for the surrounding plane trees ({{langx|ar|dilb}}; {{langx|he|{{Script/Hebrew|דולב}}}}).[http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Platanusorientalis_page.htm Flowers in Israel]

The other 20 arrived there in spring of 1920 while five of the group came in December 1920 after liquidation of the farm in Odessa where they learned to become farmers.

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qiriath Anavim had a population of 73, all Jews.{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923 |page=14}} Increasing in the 1931 census to 109, in 29 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 42]

By the end of 1920, there were 200 pioneers on the kibbutz.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

During Hanukkah 1925, a group of Hebrew writers convened at Kiryat Anavim to discuss creative ways of promoting the land reclamation and settlement work of the Jewish National Fund. The conference expressed the hope that Jewish authors and intellectuals in the Diaspora would help to further this cause.[http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/about-kkl-jnf/our-history/third-decade-1921-1930/ Keren Kayemeth, Third Decade]

The Gordonia group arrived from Galicia, Poland in 1936.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

On 9 November 1937, five members of the Gordonia group working on a Jewish National Fund afforestation project near Kiryat Anavim were ambushed and murdered by Arabs. Kibbutz Ma'ale HaHamisha (lit. Hill of the Five), established a year later, was named for them.[https://books.google.com/books?id=Li5s-Me6r4AC&pg=PA292 Lessons and Legacies I: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World], edited by Peter Hayes.

During the "Hunting Season", Kiryat Anavim served as a base for the Haganah.{{Cite web

| title = The "Hunting Season"

| work = etzel.org.il

| access-date = 2008-12-13

| url = http://www.etzel.org.il/english/index.html

| archive-date = 2017-12-28

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228124015/http://www.etzel.org.il/english/index.html

| url-status = dead

}}

In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the 4th Battalion of the Palmach (Harel Brigade), with Uzi Narkiss, mounted their fight for Sha'ar HaGai, the road to Jerusalem, and the city itself, from Kiryat Anavim.[http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/30years/narkiss.html A defender of Jerusalem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050410125714/http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/30years/narkiss.html |date=2005-04-10 }} The Jerusalem Post Kiryat Anavim and the adjacent Ma'ale HaHamisha were the site of a battle for Mount Hagana between the Palmach (including troops that retreated from the Radar Hill) and the Transjordanian Arab Legion.Yitzhaki, Aryeh (1988), A Guide to War Monuments and Sites in Israel, p. 59

File:קריית ענבים - גן הילדים בעבודת האדמה, המורה והגננות-JNF003981.jpeg|Kiryat Anavim 1928

File:קרית ענבים - הכוורות.-JNF043489.jpeg|Kiryat Anavim 1933

File:קרית ענבים - אבן עברית לירושלים - מחצבות על אדמת הקק"ל בסביבת קרית ענבים.-JNF044798.jpeg|Kiryat Anavin quarry 1936

File:AERIAL VIEW OF KIBBUTZ KIRYAT ANAVIM. צילום אוויר של קיבוץ קרית ענבים בהרי ירושלים.D17-020.jpg|Kiryat Anavim 1942

File:קרית ענבים - היער והישוב-JNF002045.jpeg|Kiryat Anavim 1945

File:קרית ענבים - מראה כללי (צלום אויר)-JNF030656.jpeg|Kiryat Anavim 1947

File:Kiryat Anavim ii.jpg|Kiryat Anavim, 1947

File:Kiryat Anavim March 1948.jpg|Palmach training at Kiryat Anavim, March 1948

File:Kiryat Anavim 1948.jpg|Members of Harel 6th Battalion camped at Kiryat Anavim

File:Kiryat Anavim (997008136319905171).jpg|Kiryat Anavim 1950

On 6 September 1996, a fire in the Jerusalem corridor caused extensive damage in Kiryat Anavim and surroundings. Fifteen homes and 10 other buildings were damaged in the blaze.[http://www.emergency.com/isrlfr-2.htm Israeli Fire Destroys 40 Homes; Allegations of Poor Response] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808121623/http://www.emergency.com/isrlfr-2.htm |date=2008-08-08 }} SNS Special Report, 8 September 1996

Economy

In the early days, the pioneers operated a dairy and a poultry farm. In 1968, the kibbutz produced cherries, peaches, grapes, and plums; and operated a guest house, cotton fields and orange groves. Anavid Insulation Products, founded in 1981, is wholly owned by Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim. The plant produces thermal insulation and sealing materials.{{Cite web |url=http://www.matimop.org.il/company.aspx?code=3402 |title=Anavid Insulation Products |access-date=2010-03-02 |archive-date=2012-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302151746/http://www.matimop.org.il/company.aspx?code=3402 |url-status=dead }} In June 2013, the kibbutz opened the Cramim hotel which offers a spa treatment based on vinotherapy.[http://www.thejc.com/travel/holidays/103112/more-%EF%AC%81ve-star-hotels-israel More five-star hotels for Israel] The Jewish Chronicle

Landmarks

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, many who fell in battle to secure the road to Jerusalem were buried at the kibbutz cemetery. A memorial monument was designed for the cemetery by Israeli artist Menahem Shemi, whose son Aharon-Jimmy, a Palmach Harel Brigade company commander, was killed in action at Hartuv and is buried in the cemetery.[https://www.menachemshemi.org/eng/?id=2&sid=4 About Menachem Shemi] Soldiers of the Harel Brigade are among those interred here.[http://www.gemsinisrael.com/e_article000003343.htm Warriors' Final Resting Place: The Cemetery at Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513065354/http://www.gemsinisrael.com/e_article000003343.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} Gems in Israel, April 2000