Koch's triangle
{{Short description|Anatomical area located in the right atrium of human heart}}
{{distinguish|Koch snowflake}}
{{merge from|Tendon of Todaro|date=May 2025|discuss=Talk:Tendon of Todaro}}
File:Triangle of Koch (large).jpg
Koch's triangle, also known as the triangle of Koch, is named after the German pathologist Walter Koch.{{cite journal| doi =10.1532/HSF98.20101047 | volume=14 | title=Calling the Heart by Name: Distinguished Eponyms in the History of Cardiac Anatomy | year=2011 | journal=The Heart Surgery Forum | page=183 | last1 = Conti | first1 = Andrea A.| issue=3 | s2cid=28989761 | url =https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d1a2/47c7a80df61b8d9ada78f940be727daa6b7b.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180802040922/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d1a2/47c7a80df61b8d9ada78f940be727daa6b7b.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =2018-08-02 }} It is an anatomical area located at the base of the right atrium, and its boundaries are the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and the septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve (also known as the tricuspid valve).{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892338420|title=Catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias|others=Huang, Shoei K.,, Miller, John M. (John Michael), 1954-|isbn=9780323244299|edition= Third |location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=Figure 6-6|oclc=892338420}} It is anatomically significant because the atrioventricular node is located at the apex of the triangle. The base is formed by the coronary sinus orifice and the vestibule of the right atrium, and the hypotenuse is formed by the tendon of Todaro, which is often a continuation off the Eustachian valve. Other structures near to it are the membranous septum and the Eustachian ridge. Variations in the size of Koch's triangle are common.
The triangle of Koch is an important landmark for atrioventricular catheter ablation procedures for the localization of the atrioventricular node.{{Cite web |last=Feger |first=Joachim |title=Triangle of Koch {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/triangle-of-koch?lang=us |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Radiopaedia |language=en-US}}
References
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Further reading
- {{cite journal |last1=Sumitomo |first1=Naokata |last2=Tateno |first2=Shigeru |last3=Nakamura |first3=Yoshihide |last4=Ushinohama |first4=Hiroya |last5=Taniguchi |first5=Kazuo |last6=Ichikawa |first6=Rie |last7=Fukuhara |first7=Junji |last8=Abe |first8=Osamu |last9=Miyashita |first9=Michio |last10=Kanamaru |first10=Hiroshi |last11=Ayusawa |first11=Mamoru |last12=Harada |first12=Kensuke |last13=Mugishima |first13=Hideo |title=Clinical Importance of Koch's Triangle Size in Children |journal=Circulation Journal |volume=71 |issue=12 |pages=1918–21 |year=2007 |pmid=18037746 |doi=10.1253/circj.71.1918 |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Francalanci |first1=Paola |last2=Drago |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Agostino |first3=Domenico Antonio |last4=Liso |first4=Gaetano |last5=Giommo |first5=Vincenzo |last6=Boldrini |first6=Renata |last7=Ragonese |first7=Pietro |last8=Bosman |first8=Cesare |title=Koch's Triangle in Pediatric Age: Correlation with Extra- and Intracardiac Parameters |journal=Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=1576–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9725156 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00245.x }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Inoue |first1=Shin |last2=Becker |first2=Anton E. |title=Koch's Triangle Sized Up: Anatomical Landmarks in Perspective of Catheter Ablation Procedures |journal=Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=1553–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9725153 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00242.x }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Sánchez-Quintana |first1=Damián |last2=Picazo-Angelín |first2=Beatriz |last3=Cabrera |first3=Alberto |last4=Murillo |first4=Margarita |last5=Cabrera |first5=José Ángel |title=Koch's Triangle and the Atrioventricular Node in Ebstein's Anomaly: Implications for Catheter Ablation |journal=Revista Española de Cardiología |volume=63 |issue=6 |pages=660–7 |year=2010 |pmid=20515623 |doi=10.1016/S1885-5857(10)70140-7 }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=R. H. |last2=Cook |first2=A. C. |title=The structure and components of the atrial chambers |journal=Europace |volume=9 |issue=Suppl 6 |pages=vi3–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17959691 |doi=10.1093/europace/eum200 |doi-access=free }}
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas/right-atrium/triangle-of-koch/index.shtml |title=Triangle of Koch |publisher=University of Minnesota }}
- {{cite web|url=http://health-pictures.com/images/Chordae-tendonea.jpg |title=Illustration |publisher=health-pictures.com }}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}