Konduga
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Konduga
|pushpin_map = Nigeria
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Konduga shown within Nigeria
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Borno State
|population = 13,400
|timezone = CET
|utc_offset = +1
|coordinates = {{coord|11|39|6|N|13|25|10|E|region:NG|display=inline}}
|module={{Infobox mapframe|wikidata=yes|zoom=8|marker=village|coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
Konduga is a community in Borno State, Nigeria and the center of a Local Government Area of the same name about 25 km to the southeast of Maiduguri, situated on the north bank of the Ngadda River. The population of the Konduga Local Government Area is about 13,400.{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/2334044/konduga.html|title=Konduga Nigeria|publisher=Geonames|access-date=2009-10-03}}
It is one of the sixteen LGAs that constitute the Borno Emirate, a traditional state located in Borno State, Nigeria.{{Cite book
| edition = Millennium
| publisher = Federal Ministry of Information
| isbn = 9780104089
| volume = 2, State Surveys
| last = Nigeria
| title = Nigeria: a people united, a future assured
| location = Abuja, Nigeria
| date = 2000
| page = 106
}} The primary languages are Shuwa Arabic, Kanuri, Mafa and Wandala / Malgwa.{{cite web
|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/intlinet/unijos/nigonnet/nlp/borno.htm
|title=Languages of Borno State
|author=Dr. Uwe Seibert, University of Jos
|publisher=University of Iowa
|access-date=2009-10-03
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126045724/http://www.uiowa.edu/intlinet/unijos/nigonnet/nlp/borno.htm
|archive-date=2009-11-26
|url-status=dead
}}
It is the birthplace of Senator Kaka Mallam Yale.{{cite web
|url=http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=65
|title=Senator Alhaji Kaka Mallam Yale
|author1=Bosoma Sheriff
|author2=Shettima Maina Mohammed
|publisher=Kanuri Studies Association
|access-date=2009-10-03
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202057/http://www.kanuri.net/borno_personalities2.php?aID=65
|archive-date=2011-07-17
}}
History
By 6300 BP, pottery began to appear in Konduga.{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Susan |title=Encyclopedia of Prehistory Volume 1: Africa |pages=319–322 |chapter=West African Late Stone Age |publisher=Encyclopedia of Prehistory|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-1193-9_27 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-306-46255-9 }} Occurring in the era of Mega Lake Chad, the pottery was decorated in the custom of Saharan ceramics.{{cite journal |last1=Breunig |first1=Peter |last2=Neumann |first2=Katharina |last3=Neer |first3=Wim |title=New research on the Holocene settlement and environment of the Chad Basin in Nigeria |journal=African Archaeological Review|volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=111–145 |doi=10.1007/BF01956304 |year=1996 }}
As of 2006, most inhabitants were illiterate and engaged in subsistence farming, with earnings below US$20 per annum. Most people did not have access to potable water or electricity, and the roads are not passable in the rainy season.{{cite web |url=http://www.educationforhealth.net/EfHArticleArchive/1357-6283_v19n2s3_749177645.pdf |title=Communities' Awareness, Perception and Participation in the Community-Based Medical Education of the University of Maiduguri |author1=B. A. OMOTARA |author2=S. J. YAHYA |author3=U. SHEHU |author4=H. S. BELLO |author5=A. P. BASSI |date=July 2006 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |access-date=2009-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917112708/http://www.educationforhealth.net/EfHArticleArchive/1357-6283_v19n2s3_749177645.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-17 |url-status=dead }}
Maternal mortality is high. A 2003 study identified the main obstacles to accessing the hospital for emergency obstetric care as lack of money and transportation difficulties.{{cite web
|url=http://db.jhuccp.org/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?BU=http://db.jhuccp.org/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll&QF0=DocNo&QI0=320302&TN=Popline&AC=QBE_QUERY&MR=30%25DL=1&&RL=1&&RF=LongRecordDisplay&DF=LongRecordDisplay
|title=Community perspective of maternal mortality: Experience from Konduga local government area, Borno State, Nigeria.
|vauthors=Kawuwa MB, Mairiga AG, Usman HA
|publisher=Annals of African Medicine. 2007;6(3):109-114.
|access-date=2009-10-03
}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Soil fertility in the area is declining.{{cite web
|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=955921
|title=Soil nutrient dynamics under small-holder agricultural practices in Konduga, north-eastern Nigeria
|publisher=Centre national de la recherche scientifique
|access-date=2009-10-03}}
Boko Haram
On 5 January 2015, "Troops of the 7 Division of the Nigerian Army ... clashed with suspected members of the Boko Haram sect at Mainari village in Konduga Local Government of Borno State."{{Cite news
| last = Njadvara Musa | title = allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Troops, Insurgents Clash in Captured Borno Town | work = The Guardian - allAfrica.com | access-date = 2015-01-08 | date = 2015-01-07
| url = http://allafrica.com/stories/201501081182.html}} The community has been the target of recruiting raids by Boko Haram.{{cite news |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/03/29/Ten-abducted-in-Nigeria-after-Boko-Haram-attacks/6771490798708/?nll=1 |publisher=UPI |title=Ten abducted in Nigeria after Boko Haram attacks |first=Ed |last=Adamczyk |date=March 29, 2017 |access-date=March 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329181415/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/03/29/Ten-abducted-in-Nigeria-after-Boko-Haram-attacks/6771490798708/?nll=1 |archive-date=March 29, 2017 |quote=Ten people in the Konduga area of Nigeria's Borno state were abducted after weekend raids by the Islamist insurgent group Boko Haram, a security official said [...] Ibrahim Abdullah of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps said that four women and six youths were kidnapped after insurgents on motorcycles attacked nearby villages, the newspaper Premium Times reported Wednesday, citing the News Agency of Nigeria. Abdullah added that the abductions are a sign that Boko Haram, which he said has been degraded by the Nigerian military, is attempting to recruit more young people by any means possible. The abductions are the first reported in the area, the former Boko Haram stronghold in northeastern Nigeria, in several months.}} BH's activities in Konduga include a mass shooting in 2013, massacres in January and February 2014, battles in 2014 and 2015, as well as suicide bombings in 2018 and 2019.
Climate
A mild season, lasting from July 20 to September 22, with an average daily high temperature below 92°F, follows Konduga's hottest month, April, which has an average high of 105°F and low of 77°F.{{Cite web |title=Konduga Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/74229/Average-Weather-in-Konduga-Nigeria-Year-Round#:~:text=The%20hottest%20month%20of%20the,temperature%20below%2092%C2%B0F. |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}