Kringle
{{short description|Type of pretzel}}
{{About|the pastry|the Christmas character|Kris Kringle (disambiguation)|the protein domain|Kringle domain}}
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| caption = Kringle
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Kringle ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|əl}}, {{Audio|GT kringle.ogg|listen}}) is a Northern European pastry, a variety of pretzel. Pretzels were introduced by Roman Catholic monks in the 13th century in Denmark, and from there they spread throughout Scandinavia and evolved into several kinds of sweet, salty or filled pastries, all in the shape of kringle.
In Danish and Norwegian, the word is kringle, plural kringler; {{langx|et|kringel}}, plural kringlid; {{langx|lv|kliņģeris}}, plural kliņģeri; {{langx|sv|kringla}}, plural kringlor; {{langx|fi|rinkeli}}, plural rinkelit; {{langx|de|Kringel}} and Icelandic: kringla. The word originates from the Old Norse kringla, meaning ring or circle.
File:Viipurinrinkeli22.jpg Kringle (Viipurinrinkeli)]]
In the Netherlands, a particular type of sweet kringle is well known under the Dutch name krakeling.
The shape of the kringle has given name to a similarly entangled feature found in some proteins, the so-called kringle domain.
United States
In the United States, kringles are hand-rolled from Danish pastry dough (wienerbrød dough) that has been rested overnight before shaping, filling, and baking.{{cite web |last1=Stradley |first1=Linda |title=Danish Kringle History and Recipe |url=https://whatscookingamerica.net/bread/kringle.htm |website=What's Cooking America |access-date=10 March 2023 |date=3 May 2015}} Many sheets of the flaky dough are layered, then shaped into an oval. After filling with fruit, nut, or other flavor combinations, the pastry is baked and iced.Marialisa Calta. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=950DE7DC123AF93AA35754C0A96F948260 "Fare of the country: Wisconsin, Danish Pastry With a Classic Twist"]. The New York Times, July 9, 1989.
Racine, Wisconsin, has historically{{cite news |last1=Julson |first1=Sheila |title=Kringle is Wisconsin's Official State Pastry |url=https://shepherdexpress.com/food/eat-drink/kringle-is-wisconsin-s-official-state-pastry/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=Shepherd Express |date=18 December 2018 |language=en-us}} been a center of Danish-American culture and kringle-making.{{cite web |title=Olesen's Family Bakery |url=https://www.olesensfamilybakery.com/ |website=olesens family bakery .com |access-date=10 March 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Jordan |first1=Gerron |title=Go inside O&H Danish Bakery where kringle is made |url=https://www.wisn.com/article/go-inside-o-h-danish-bakery-where-kringle-is-made/42350455 |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=WISN-TV |date=28 December 2022 |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=McCombs |first1=Steven |title=Independent attorneys state opinions on Racine kringle battle |url=https://biztimes.com/independent-attorneys-state-opinions-on-racine-kringle-battle/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=BizTimes - Milwaukee Business News |date=27 April 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930004448/https://biztimes.com/independent-attorneys-state-opinions-on-racine-kringle-battle/ |archive-date=30 September 2022}}{{cite book |last1=Schaefer |first1=Richard T. |title=Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society |date=20 March 2008 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-4129-2694-2 |page=423 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMUola6pDnkC&dq=Racine+Wisconsin+kringle&pg=PT423 |access-date=10 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Where to Get: Kringle |url=https://www.milwaukeemag.com/where-to-get-kringle/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |work=Milwaukee Magazine |date=29 March 2019}} A typical Racine-made kringle is a large, flat oval measuring approximately 14 inches by 10 inches (35 cm by 25 cm) and weighing about 1.5 lb (680 g).{{cite web |title=It's Kringle Time At Aldi, And We Don't Mean Santa |url=https://www.aisleofshame.com/aldi-kringle/ |website=Aisle of Shame .com |access-date=10 March 2023 |date=14 December 2021}}{{cite web |title=The Trader Joe's Pastry That Makes Me Feel Like a Kid on Christmas Day |url=https://www.thekitchn.com/trader-joes-kringle-review-23256207 |website=Kitchn |access-date=10 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=9th Annual Customer Choice Awards Winners |url=https://www.traderjoes.com/digin/Post/Post/9th-customer-choice-winners |website=Trader Joe's |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921112308/https://www.traderjoes.com/digin/Post/Post/9th-customer-choice-winners |archive-date=21 September 2018 |date=2018}} The kringle became the official state pastry of Wisconsin on June 30, 2013.[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129215909/http://www.jrn.com/tmj4/news/213832791.html "Kringle becomes Wisconsin state pastry"]. WTMJ, July 1, 2013. Accessed July 26, 2013. A Wisconsin distillery in Middleton, Wisconsin, makes a kringle-flavored cream liqueur from Wisconsin cream, rum, sugar, and natural kringle flavor.[http://drinkwire.liquor.com/post/gsn-review-kringle-cream "GSN Review: Kringle Cream"] December 29, 2013.
In other parts of the United States, kringle may refer to a slightly sweet buttermilk cookie shaped like a pretzel or figure eight.{{cite web|last=Dedman|first=Sherry|title=Kringla Danish Kringle Recipe|url=http://oldrecipeblog.com/2009/10/kringla-danish-kringle-recipe/|work=Old Recipe Blog|access-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127002524/http://oldrecipeblog.com/2009/10/kringla-danish-kringle-recipe/|archive-date=27 November 2013|url-status=dead}}
Other places where kringles may be found in the United States include the Ballard area of Seattle, Washington; Redmond, Washington; Solvang, California; Story City, Iowa; Burr Ridge, Illinois; Springfield, Missouri, and Watertown, Massachusetts.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} In 2005, Dana College in Blair, Nebraska, held a Kringle Kontest, which was won by Kirsten's Danish Bakery in Burr Ridge, Illinois.
Symbolism
File:Ribe - Bäckereizeichen.jpg.]]
{{See also|Pretzel#Emblem of the Bakers' Guild}}
Baker's guilds in Europe have used the kringle or pretzel as a symbol for centuries. It is told (but currently unconfirmed by historic documents), that when Vienna was besieged by the Turkish Ottoman armies in 1529, local bakers working in the night gave the city defence an early warning of the attacking enemy. For this, they were later rewarded by the Pope, with permission to use a crown as part of their kringle guild symbol.
The guild in Denmark is now the only baker's guild in the world with official authority to display a royal crown as part of their baker's guild trade symbol that is often hung outside of bakery shops.{{cite web|url=http://www.bkd.dk/Default.aspx?ID=761&M=News&PID=2406&NewsID=666|title=Med krone på [wearing a crown]|publisher=Bager og Konditormestre i Danmark|language=da|access-date=24 April 2015}} Official homepage of the association of Bakers and Confectioners in Denmark.
See also
- Danish cuisine
- Estonian cuisine
- King cake
- Norwegian cuisine
- {{portal-inline|Food}}
References
{{reflist|2}}
Further reading
- {{Cite news |first=Drew |last=Dawson |title=How did kringle become so big in Wisconsin — and why is it nearly unique to our state? |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/life/food/2023/12/19/what-is-kringle-and-why-is-it-a-wisconsin-thing/71804254007/ |date=2023-12-19 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Journal Sentinel |language=en-US |url-access=subscription}}
External links
- [https://www.tasteofhome.com/article/how-to-make-danish-kringle-recipe/ Racine Kringle Recipe] taste of home
- https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/kringle-recipe0-1941189 Racine Kringle Recipe] Food Network
{{commons category|Kringle}}
{{Ring and knot-shaped breads}}
{{pastries}}