Kroll Inc.#Ontrack

Duff & Phelps was founded in 1932 by William Duff and George Phelps in Chicago to provide investment research. Since that time, the firm expanded into corporate finance and investment management, as well as credit rating. In 1979, Duff & Phelps expanded into investment management, creating what would become Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co. (DPIMC), which was spun off into its own company in 2009 and was no longer part of the main Duff & Phelps firm.

In 1984, the company was nearly acquired by Security Pacific Corp. in a $35 million transaction. However, the deal was called off in early 1985 by Security Pacific Corp. because of restraints put on the deal by the Federal Reserve Board, which would have precluded the company from issuing public credit ratings.Associated Press. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/11/business/security-pacific-s-duff-phelps-bid-los-angeles-jan-10-ap-security-pacific.html "Security Pacific's Duff & Phelps Bid"]. The New York Times, January 11, 1984.

[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-10-fi-9271-story.html "Security Pacific Corp. Calls Off Acquisition of Duff & Phelps"]. Los Angeles Times, January 10, 1985.[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/10/business/security-pacific-duff-merger-off.html "Security Pacific, Duff Merger Off"]. The New York Times, January 10, 1985

The company was acquired five years later, in 1989, in a $146 million management buyout. The buyout was backed by Freeman, Spogli & Co., a private equity firm that controlled approximately two-thirds of the company, and management and employees owning the remaining third of the company's equity. The transaction was highly leveraged, financed with 79% bank borrowings and 15% coupon high-yield bonds.Berg, Eric N. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/09/business/a-money-manager-is-in-the-money.html "A MONEY MANAGER IS IN THE MONEY"]. The New York Times, September 9, 1989. The company was taken public for the first time in 1992 through an initial public offering of stock on the New York Stock Exchange.[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/21/business/credit-markets-duff-phelps-stock-offering.html "Duff & Phelps Stock Offering"]. The New York Times, January 21, 1992.

By the mid-1990s, Duff & Phelps, which was operating as a publicly traded company, began to focus on its core investment management, financial advisory and corporate finance operations. As a result, in October 1994, the Duff & Phelps's credit rating business, Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co., was spun off to its shareholders and listed on the New York Stock Exchange.[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/928599/0000912057-97-010528.txt Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co.]. SEC Form 10-K 2006 Annual Report, March 27, 1997 In 2000, Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. was acquired by Fitch Group, which later eliminated the use of the Duff & Phelps name.[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/09/business/duff-phelps-acquired.html Duff & Phelps Acquired]. The New York Times, March 9, 2000.

In 2004, Lovell Minnick Partners sponsored a management buyout of the company, the second time the company had undergone a leveraged buyout transaction, acquiring the company from its then owner, Webster Financial Corporation. As part of the transaction, the company was merged with Stone Ridge Partners, a middle-market investment banking firm.[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_March_15/ai_114255632/ Duff & Phelps LLC Acquired by Management and Investor Group], March 15, 2004[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/16/business/company-briefs-814865.html Company Briefs]. The New York Times, March 16, 2004 In 2005, the company raised equity from Vestar Capital Partners to support the company's acquisition strategy that included the purchase of Standard & Poor's Corporate Value Consulting business as well as Valuemetrics, a financial advisory firm specializing in valuation services founded in 1981.[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_Jan_19/ai_n8700127/?tag=content;col1 Duff & Phelps Acquires Valuemetrics; Plans Further Expansion of Financial Advisory and Investment Banking Practice], January 19, 2005 In 2006, it acquired specialty restructuring firm Chanin Capital Partners, LLC.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

In 2007, Duff & Phelps completed its second initial public offering raising $133 million and listing the company's shares on the New York Stock Exchange. The IPO provided a partial exit for its two private equity financial sponsors.[https://www.reuters.com/article/newIssuesNews/idUSN2336234020070523 Duff & Phelps files for $200 mln IPO]. Reuters, May 23, 2007 Also in 2007, the firm formed a strategic alliance with Tokyo-based Shinsei Bank. The firm has continued its acquisition strategy acquiring Dubinsky & Co., a financial consulting company and Kane Reece Associates.[https://archive.today/20120905154659/http://www.mergersunleashed.com/news/184355-1.html?CMP=OTC-RSS Duff & Phelps Buys Kane Reece]. Mergers Unleashed, August 1, 2008 In 2010, the firm acquired the consulting business of Dynamic Credit Partners, bringing specialized talent in complex fixed income securities analysis, valuation and litigation support.{{Cite press release|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101216005810/en/Duff-Phelps-Acquires-Dynamic-Credit-Partners%E2%80%99-U.S.|title=News}}

After less than five years as a public company, Duff & Phelps again agreed to a take-private offer from private equity firms. On December 30, 2012, Duff & Phelps, announced that it had entered into an agreement to be acquired for approximately $665.5 million by a consortium, comprising controlled affiliates of or funds managed by The Carlyle Group, Stone Point Capital LLC, Pictet & Cie and Edmond de Rothschild Group.{{Cite web |last=Dealbook |date=2012-12-31 |title=Duff & Phelps to Be Sold for $665.5 Million |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/12/30/duff-phelps-to-be-sold-for-665-5-million/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=DealBook |language=en}}

In December 2015, Duff & Phelps announced that the University of California’s Office of the Chief Investment Officer would make a significant minority investment in the firm. As part of the transaction, The Carlyle Group and Duff & Phelps’ senior management group increased its investment. Stonepoint Capital LLC, Edmond de Rothschild Group and Pictet Group sold their equity interest in Duff & Phelps.{{Cite web |title=Duff & Phelps Announces New Minority Investment {{!}} Carlyle |url=https://www.carlyle.com/media-room/news-release-archive/duff-phelps-announces-new-minority-investment |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.carlyle.com}}

In November 2017, Permira, a global private equity firm, announced the acquisition of Duff & Phelps from The Carlyle Group, Neuberger Berman, the University of California’s Office of the Chief Investment Officer of the Regents and Pictet & Cie for $1.75 billion.{{Cite web |title=Duff & Phelps to be Acquired by the Permira Funds for $1.75 Billion |url=https://www.permira.com/about/news/duff-phelps-to-be-acquired-by-the-permira-funds-for-175-billion/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.permira.com}} The management team, led by CEO, Noah Gottdiener and President, Jacob Silverman, maintained a significant equity stake in the company and remained in their rolls.

In January 2020, Duff & Phelps announced it had agreed to be acquired by a global investor consortium led by funds managed by Stone Point Capital and Further Global at a valuation of $4.2 billion.{{Cite web |last=Beltran |first=Luisa |title=Permira Will Nearly Triple Its Money on $4.2 Billion Sale of Duff & Phelps |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/permira-is-selling-duff-phelps-for-4-2-billion-51579790894 |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.barrons.com |language=en-US}} Permira as well as the existing management team agreed to maintain a "a meaningful equity stake in the firm."{{Cite web |title=Duff & Phelps to be Acquired by Global Investor Consortium for $4.2 Billion |url=https://www.permira.com/about/news/duff-phelps-to-be-acquired-by-global-investor-consortium-for-42-billion/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.permira.com}}

In 2007, Duff & Phelps acquired Rash & Associates, a nationwide provider of property tax management services. In 2009, Duff & Phelps acquired Lumin Expert Group, a financial consulting firm specializing in intellectual property dispute support and expert testimony.[https://thefly.com/landingPageNews.php?id=969294&headline=DUF-Duff-amp-PhelpsDUF-acquires-Lumin-Expert-Group Duff & Phelps-DUF acquires Lumin Expert Group], Thefly.com, 8 November 2008 In June 2010, Duff & Phelps announced it acquired Cole & Partners, a Toronto-based independent financial advisory practice. The acquisition established a Canadian presence for Duff & Phelps and enhanced the firm’s dispute consulting, valuation and corporate finance advisory services.Ben Dummett, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/DJFDBR0020100615e66f000dx Duff & Phelps Eyes Canada With Cole & Partners Acquisition], Wsj.com, 15 June 2010 In July 2011, Duff & Phelps announced it acquired Growth Capital Partners, a Texas-based investment banking firm focused on transactions in the middle market.Bill Hethcock, [https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2011/07/05/duff-phelps-acquires-growth-capital.html Duff & Phelps acquires Growth Capital Partners], Bizjournals.com, 5 July 2011

In July 2014, Duff & Phelps acquired the Restructuring and Insolvency Division of RSM Farrell Grant Sparks (“RSM FGS”), one of the largest dedicated restructuring and insolvency teams operating in the Republic of Ireland. The acquisition expanded Duff & Phelps’ Global Restructuring Advisory Practice to include more than 200 professionals across Europe, the U.S. and Canada. In 2015, Duff & Phelps made two significant acquisitions. The first was of Kinetic Partners, a UK-based financial regulatory consulting firm with 200 employees. As a result of this acquisition, Duff & Phelps launched its Financial Regulatory and Compliance practice. The second acquisition was of American Appraisal, a Milwaukee-based valuation company with nearly 1,000 employees globally. This acquisition broadened the type of valuation work Duff & Phelps did in the U.S., specifically in fixed asset management and insurance solutions (FAMIS). In addition to the new locations in the U.S., the acquisition established new locations for the firm in Europe and Asia. The American Appraisal acquisition also included the Real Estate Advisory Group (REAG) business.

In May 2016, Duff & Phelps acquired Corporate Finance Ireland (CFI), a leading corporate finance firm in the Republic of Ireland.[https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2016/0522/790112-duff-phelps-corporate-ireland/ Corporate Finance Ireland bought by US firm Duff & Phelps], Rte.ie, 22 May 2016

On June 4, 2018, Duff & Phelps purchased Kroll Inc.{{cite news |last=Banerji |first=Gunjan |date=March 13, 2018 |title=Duff & Phelps to Buy Corporate-Investigations Firm Kroll |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/duff-phelps-to-buy-corporate-investigations-firm-kroll-1520973140?mod=WSJ_Markets_LEFTTopStories&tesla=y | work=The Wall Street Journal |location=The New York Times, New York City, United States |access-date=March 17, 2018}} and it purchased Prime Clerk in 2019.{{Cite web |title=Duff & Phelps Expands Service Offering With Acquisition of Prime Clerk |url=https://www.kroll.com/en/about-us/news/duff-phelps-expands-service-offering-with-acquisition-of-prime-clerk |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Kroll |language=en}}

In February 2021, Duff & Phelps announced plans to unify the companies under the Kroll brand, which completed in February 2022.{{cite web |title=Kroll completes brand unification |url=https://www.consulting.us/news/7265/kroll-completes-brand-unification |website=Consulting.us |date=23 February 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022}}{{Cite web|last=Tewari|first=Saumya|date=2021-02-25|title=Advisory firm Duff & Phelps to be rebranded as Kroll|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/advisory-firm-duff-phelps-to-be-rebranded-as-kroll-11614240318982.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=mint|language=en}}{{cite web |title=Duff & Phelps Announces New Business Unit After Completing Kroll Acquisition |url=https://www.duffandphelps.com/about-us/news/duff-and-phelps-announces-new-business-unit-after-completing-kroll-acquisition |website=Duff & Phelps |access-date=July 7, 2021 |language=en |date=June 4, 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.kroll.com/en/about-us/news/duff-and-phelps-unifies-under-kroll-brand|title = Duff & Phelps Announces Plans to Unify Company Under Kroll Brand}}

On March 25, 2021, Kroll announced that it had acquired Redscan, a UK based cyber security company.{{Cite news|title=Kroll completes Redscan acquisition, expands cyber risk portfolio|url=https://securitybrief.asia/story/kroll-completes-redscan-acquisition-expands-cyber-risk-portfolio|access-date=2021-07-30|website=securitybrief.asia|language=en |last1=Knowles |first1=Catherine }} In March 2022, Kroll acquired Canadian risk intelligence software company Resolver.{{cite web |last1=Kobialka |first1=Dan |title=Kroll Acquires Risk Intelligence Technology Provider Resolver |url=https://www.msspalert.com/investments/kroll-acquires-risk-intelligence-technology-provider-resolver/ |website=MSSP Alert |access-date=31 May 2022 |date=31 March 2022}}

Kroll was founded in 1972 by Jules Kroll as a consultancy servicing corporate purchasing departments.{{cite magazine |last=Finnegan |first=William |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/10/19/091019fa_fact_finnegan |title=The Secret Keeper: Jules Kroll and the world of corporate intelligence |magazine=The New Yorker |date=19 October 2009 |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905012636/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/10/19/091019fa_fact_finnegan}}

Kroll began its line of work in financial sector investigations in the 1980s when corporations approached Kroll to profile investors, suitors, and takeover targets.{{cite web |title=Kroll Associates, Inc. Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy {{!}} AustinTexas.gov |url=http://austintexas.gov/blog/kroll-associates-inc-releases-its-initial-report-apd-training-academy |website=austintexas.gov |access-date=17 July 2021}}

In the 1990s, Kroll expanded into forensic accounting, background screening, drug testing, electronic data recovery (with the acquisition of Ontrack Data RecoveryHow Ontrack Became Global Data Recovery Service Provider For Toshiba https://mydatarecoverylab.com/how-ontrack-became-global-data-recovery-provider-for-toshiba/), and market intelligence.

In 1997, Kroll merged with vehicle armoring company O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt to form Kroll-O'Gara.{{cite news |last=Miller |first=James P. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB942708627866079164 |title=Kroll-O'Gara Management Agrees to Buy Out Firm |work=Wall Street Journal |date=16 November 1999 |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220420221341/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB942708627866079164}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/24/business/company-news-kroll-o-gara-to-sell-armored-vehicle-business.html |title=COMPANY NEWS; KROLL-O'GARA TO SELL ARMORED VEHICLE BUSINESS |work=New York Times |date=24 April 2001 |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527171918/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/24/business/company-news-kroll-o-gara-to-sell-armored-vehicle-business.html}} The company became public and was listed on the NASDAQ as "KROG".{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} In August 2001, the O’Gara vehicle armoring businesses were sold to Armor Holdings,{{cite web |url=https://www.ogaratraining.com/company/our-history/ |title=O'Gara Training & Services: Our History |work=O'Gara Training & Services (ogaratraining.com) |date=20 April 2022 |access-date=20 April 2022 |archive-date=20 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420221803/https://www.ogaratraining.com/company/our-history/}} and the company's name was changed to Kroll Inc.{{sfn|Meier|2021|page=46}} and its ticker symbol to "KROL".{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

In 2002, Kroll acquired restructuring firm Zolfo Cooper for $153 million. At the time, Zolfo Cooper was working on the Enron case.{{Cite news|last=Hoare|first=Michael|title=Kroll pays $153m for Enron restructuring experts|url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/kroll-pays-for-enron-restructuring-experts-20020906|access-date=2021-09-01|website=www.fnlondon.com|language=en-GB}}

In July 2004, Kroll was acquired by professional services firm Marsh & McLennan Companies in a $1.9-billion transaction.Pilla, David. [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Marsh+acquires+Kroll+in+$1.9+billion+cash+deal.-a0118951591 "Marsh acquires Kroll in $1.9 billion cash deal"], Best's Review, July 1, 2004, accessed January 28, 2011.

In June 2008, Jules Kroll left Kroll Inc.{{cite news |title=Corporate Sleuth Plans to Start Credit Rating Firm (Published 2009) |work=The New York Times |date=28 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320074304/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/business/29kroll.html?ref=julesbkroll |archive-date=2022-03-20 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/business/29kroll.html?ref=julesbkroll |last1=Fabrikant |first1=Geraldine }}

In August 2010, Kroll was acquired by Altegrity, Inc. in an all-cash transaction valued at $1.13 billion. Altegrity declared bankruptcy in 2015,{{cite web |last1=Brickley |first1=Peg |title=Altegrity Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/altegrity-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy-1423446150#:~:text=Altegrity%20Inc.,overwhelming%20majority%20of%20our%20lenders.%E2%80%9D |website=Wall Street Journal |access-date=7 July 2021 |date=9 February 2015}} and Kroll was later bought by Corporate Risk Holdings, LLC.

On October 21, 2016, Carlyle Group-owned KLDiscovery purchased Kroll Ontrack for around $410 million{{Cite web|url=https://www.krollontrack.com/resources/press/details/64971/ldiscovery-to-acquire-kroll-ontrack/|title = Press Releases - Stay up to Date with Ontrack}} and operated it as a separate company.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} In 2018, Kroll acquired cybersecurity firm Tiversa.{{cite magazine |last1=Khatchadourian |first1=Raffi |title=A Cybersecurity Firm's Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/11/04/a-cybersecurity-firms-sharp-rise-and-stunning-collapse |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=4 November 2021 |date=25 October 2019}}

In August 2020, in the Court of Session, the Scottish Lord Advocate accepted that the prosecution of two Duff & Phelps administrators, Paul Clark and David Whitehouse, after the Rangers F.C. administration in 2012 had been "malicious" and without "probable cause". The court ordered the interim payment of £600,000 costs to the administrators. The administrators sought £20.8 million in damages from the Crown Office and Police Scotland.{{cite news |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/rangers-administrators-awarded-600k-after-22581443 |title=Rangers administrators awarded £600k after crown admit 'malicious' prosecution which breached their human rights |last=Mulholland |first=James |newspaper=Daily Record |date=26 August 2020 |access-date=26 August 2020}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/law/article/crown-office-admits-unlawful-case-against-rangers-administrators-gjgrp29hh |title=Rangers pair arrested 'maliciously' |last=Cameron |first=Greig |newspaper=The Times |location=London |url-access=subscription |date=26 September 2020 |access-date=1 September 2020}}

Kroll provides risk, governance, transaction and valuation advisory.

Kroll has been compared to a private intelligence agency (“CIA of Wall Street”) for its activities. The well-connected company founder Jules Kroll has hired numerous former CIA, FBI, Mossad, and MI5 employees.{{Cite web |title=Kroll Inc. {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/kroll-inc |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}{{Cite web |date=2005-06-25 |title=Welcome to the murky world of Kroll Inc - the private CIA |url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/welcome-to-the-murky-world-of-kroll-inc-the-private-cia-20050625-gdlkpn.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}} According to French intelligence, Kroll has also been used as a CIA front organization for intelligence activities.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/01/08/the-french-the-cia-and-the-man-who-sued-too-much/d81e2a2b-96e7-4a75-8680-1a76b24c9f36/ THE FRENCH, THE CIA AND THE MAN WHO SUED TOO MUCH] The Washington Post

Kroll's background screening division provides screening services for areas such as employment, supplier selection, investment placement and institutional admissions. This division also includes the Kroll Fraud Solutions unit, which specializes in identity theft protection and identity restoration services.(Press Release) "[http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/160789/kroll-and-direct-marketing-centre-partner-to-provide-identity-theft-restoration-solutions-across-canada Identity Theft Restoration]." Canada News Wire, 12 July 2007. "Identity Theft Restoration"

Kroll offers consulting services through Kroll Security Group, its Security Consulting and Security Engineering & Design division.

In 2020, Kroll was hired by the Austin Police Department to evaluate the department's policies and protocols for racism and discrimination. They presented their findings to the Austin city council in March 2021.{{cite web |title=Kroll Associates, Inc. Releases Its Initial Report on the APD Training Academy {{!}} AustinTexas.gov |url=http://austintexas.gov/blog/kroll-associates-inc-releases-its-initial-report-apd-training-academy |website=austintexas.gov}}

Kroll's business and investigations practice provides background checks on Instagram influencers, using publicly-accessible online information to prevent them being 'cancelled' for problematic or potentially disreputable behaviour (e.g. tweets which includes offensive language or content).{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Matthew |title=Corporate detectives Kroll target Instagram stars |url=https://www.thetimes.com/edition/news/corporate-detectives-kroll-target-instagram-stars-ghmgz6m7c |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=The Times |date=31 October 2020}}{{cite web |last1=Ebadi |first1=Sherine |title=Protecting the Enterprise from Social Media Threats |url=https://www.cfo.com/risk-management/2021/05/protecting-the-enterprise-from-social-media-threats/ |website=CFO |access-date=4 November 2021 |date=12 May 2021}}

An agreement between the government of Ghana and Kroll for the firm to retrieve assets and investigate wrongdoings by previous appointments was subject to two lawsuits in 2020, challenging the constitutionality of the agreement.{{Cite web|title=A-Plus sues Attorney-General, Kroll & Associates over $1m payment - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/a-plus-sues-attorney-general-kroll-associates-over-1m-payment/|access-date=2021-10-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|date=18 December 2019 |language=en-US}} Both lawsuits were dropped in April 2021.{{Cite web|title=A Plus, Asare withdraw suits against gov't over removal of Domelevo, US$1million Kroll Associates cash saga|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1077927/a-plus-asare-withdraw-suits-against-govt-over.html|access-date=2021-10-20|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}

Kroll was hired in 2018 by Michigan State University during the Larry Nassar case to investigate over 170 sexual assault cases at the university.{{Cite web|date=2019-04-18|title=Here's what MSU got for paying elite firm $6.2 million to investigate 170 sexual assault cases|url=https://www.michiganradio.org/investigative/2019-04-18/heres-what-msu-got-for-paying-elite-firm-6-2-million-to-investigate-170-sexual-assault-cases|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Michigan Radio|language=en}}

In 1987, in the prominent First Amendment case over The Heroin Trail stories in New York Newsday, attorney Floyd Abrams enlisted Kroll's help to find an eyewitness: "But was it conceivable that we could come up with an eyewitness who could be of help? I called Jules Kroll, the CEO of Kroll Associates, the nation's most acclaimed investigative firm, to ask him if he could inquire, through the extensive range of former law enforcement officials employed by him, whether Karaduman was known to be a drug trafficker in Istanbul."{{cite book | first = Floyd | last = Abrams | author-link = Floyd Abrams | title = Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment | publisher = Viking Press | year = 2005 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/speakingfreelytr00abra/page/124 124–137] | isbn = 0-670-03375-8 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/speakingfreelytr00abra/page/124 }} Two weeks into the trial Kroll produced Faraculah Arras, who was prepared to testify he was involved in one of Karaduman's drug deals. "I was stunned," recalled Abrams.

Abrams used Kroll again in 1998 to investigate claims by CNN's Newsstand documentary that sarin nerve gas had been used in Vietnam in 1970 as part of Operation Tailwind.{{cite news

|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E6DB173EF930A35754C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

|title=CNN Retracts Report That U.S. Used Nerve Gas

|date=July 3, 1998

|author=Robin Pogrenbin and Felicity Barringer

|work=The New York Times}}

Kroll assisted in the trial of Norwegian shipping tycoon John Fredriksen at the end of the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Daniel Dantas, the company in question, André Esteves, Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Dario Messer signed a schedule agreement to privatize Brazilian state-owned enterprises.[https://www.aepet.org.br/w3/index.php/conteudo-geral/item/5285-editorial-aepet-esta-solidaria-com-duplo-expresso EDITORIAL: AEPET está solidária com Duplo Expresso]

Kroll were responsible for revamping security at the World Trade Center after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401EEDC1738F932A3575AC0A962958260 |title=A Midlife Crisis at Kroll Associates

|author=Douglas Frantz |date=September 1, 1994 |work=The New York Times}}{{cite web |url=http://securitysolutions.com/mag/security_world_trade_center/

|title=World Trade Center |author=Carey, Carol |date=1 July 1997 |work=Access Control and Security Systems Magazine}} They also took on responsibility for security at Chicago's Sears Tower following the September 11, 2001 attacks.{{cite web |url=http://www.kroll.com/about/history/notable/ |title=About Us > History > Notable Cases |publisher=kroll.com |access-date=2008-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106215748/http://kroll.com/about/history/notable/ |archive-date=2007-01-06

|url-status=dead }}

Just prior to the September 11 attacks, Kroll Inc., under the guidance of Jerome Hauer, the managing director of their Crisis and Consulting Management Group,{{cite web|title=Profile: Jerome Hauer|url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/jerome-m-hauer/41152|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522045452/http://people.forbes.com/profile/jerome-m-hauer/41152|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 22, 2009|website=Forbes}} hired former FBI special investigator John P. O'Neill,{{cite web |url=http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/sept11/features/5513/ |title=O'Neill Versus Osama |author=Kolker, Robert |date=17 December 2001

|work=New York}} who specialized in the Al-Qaeda network held responsible for the 1993 bombing, to head the security at the WTC complex. O'Neill died in the attacks.{{cite web | url=https://www.911memorial.org/connect/blog/john-oneills-fbi-jacket-and-passport-embody-his-enduring-fight-against-terrorism | title=John O'Neill's FBI Jacket and Passport Embody His Enduring Fight Against Terrorism | National September 11 Memorial & Museum }}

In March 1992, the Yeltsin government contracted Kroll to track down large sums of money removed from the Soviet Union prior to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.{{cite book | last = Dawisha | first = Karen | author-link = Karen Dawisha | title = Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? | url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476795207 | year = 2014 | publisher = Simon & Schuster | page = 18 | isbn = 978-1-4767-9519-5}}{{cite news | last = Bohlen | first = Celestine | title = U.S. Company to Help Russia Track Billions | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/03/world/us-company-to-help-russia-track-billions.html | newspaper = The New York Times | date = March 3, 1992 | access-date = April 30, 2018}} On March 15, 1992, following accusations from First Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Timurovich Gaidar of "large-scale privatization by the nomenklatura", the Russian government froze all capital outflows from Russia, and eventually, the assets of the Vnesheconombank.{{cite news |last=Sneider |first=Daniel |date=March 4, 1992 |title=Russia Goes After 'Party Gold': Money Communist officials allegedly shifted out of the country is called crucial to reform |publisher=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0304/04021.html |access-date=April 30, 2018}}

Despite investigators stating they received very little support from Russian authorities, Kroll determined more than $14 billion (in 1991 real dollars) had been transferred from Switzerland to New York prior to the putsch (mostly in joint-stock companies, such as the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures),{{sfn|Belton|2020|pages=60-61, 513}} and that another $40 billion plus (in 2014 dollars) had been transferred out of Russia by the Communist Party and other government agencies of the former Soviet Union, through hundreds of illicit transactions.{{cite journal | last = Tikhomirov | first = Vladimir | title = Capital Flight from Post-Soviet Russia | journal = Europe-Asia Studies | volume = 49 | number = 4 | page = 592 | year = 1997| doi = 10.1080/09668139708412462 }} This outflow of capital contributed to severe economic conditions in Russia during Boris Yeltsin’s second term.

On 28 January 2015, the National Bank of Moldova hired Kroll to present its findings from Project Tenor involving Ilan Shor's Shor Holding and the 2014 Moldovan bank fraud scandal which was part of the Russian Laundromat.Kroll Staff (2 April 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180516181611/http://candu.md/files/doc/Kroll_Project%20Tenor_Candu_02.04.15.pdf Project Tenor - Scoping Phase]. Kroll Inc. Retrieved 6 July 2021.

In 2015 Kroll was hired by Harvey Weinstein to wipe evidence of sexual abuse from the electronic devices of Ambra Gutierrez as part of a settlement he reached with her. Weinstein had frequent interactions with Kroll especially when trying to find discrediting information about potential critics and accusers.{{Cite magazine |last=Farrow |first=Ronan |date=2017-11-06 |title=Harvey Weinstein's Army of Spies |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/harvey-weinsteins-army-of-spies |access-date=2022-08-23 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Belton |first=Catherine |author-link=Catherine Belton |title=Putin's People: How the KGB Took Back Russia and Then Took on the West |date=23 June 2020 |publisher=Farrar, Straus, Giroux |isbn=978-0374238711 |location=New York}}
• {{cite book |last=Meier |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Meier |title=Spooked: The Trump Dossier, Black Cube, and the Rise of Private Spies |publisher=Harpercollins |date=18 May 2021 |isbn=9780062950680}}

• {{Official website|https://www.kroll.com}}

{{Finance links historical

| name = Kroll Inc. (to 2004)

| sec_cik = 1020476

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{{Finance links historical

| name = Duff & Phelps Corp

| sec_cik = 1397821

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