Kui language (India)

{{Short description|Dravidian language spoken in Eastern India}}

{{Distinguish|Kui language (Indonesia)|Kuy language}}

{{Infobox language

|name= Kui

|nativename={{lang|uki|କୁଈ}}

|altname = Kanda, Kandha, Khond, Khondi, Khondo, Kodu, Kodulu, Kuinga, Kuy

|pronunciation = {{IPA|or|kuɪ|}}

|region= Odisha

|ethnicity=Khonds, Dal, Sitha Kandha

|speakers=941,000

|date=2011 census

| script = Odia script
Odia Braille

| state = India

|ref= e21

|familycolor=Dravidian

|fam2 = South-Central

|fam3 = Gondi–Kui

|fam4 = Kuvi–Kui

|lc1=uki|ld1=Kui (standard)

|lc2=dwk|ld2=Dawik Kui

|glotto=kuii1252

|glottorefname=Kui (India)

|map = Languages_of_Odisha.svg

|mapcaption = Languages in Odisha

{{Legend|green|Kui language}}

| map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Kui is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}{{Cite UNESCO Atlas|pages=46–47}}}}

}}

Kui (also Kandha, Khondi, Khond, Khondo, Kanda, Kodu (Kōdu), Kodulu, Kuinga (Kūinga), Kuy) is a South-Central Dravidian language spoken by the Kandhas, eastern Indian state of Odisha. It is mostly spoken in Odisha, and written in the Odia script. With 941,988 registered native speakers, it figures at rank 29 in the 1991 Indian census.{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}} The Kui language was also referred to as the Kuinga language during the historical period. It is closely related to the Gondi and Kuvi languages.

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants{{cite book|last=Krishnamurti|first=Bhadriraju|title=The Dravidian languages|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-511-06037-3|pages=56|edition=null}}

colspan=2|

!Labial

!Dental

!Retroflex

!Palatal/
P.alv

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan=2| Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

| {{IPAlink|ɳ}}

|

|

|

rowspan=2| Plosive/
Affricate

! {{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

| {{IPAlink|ʈ}}

| {{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}

| {{IPAlink|k}}

|

{{small|voiced}}

| {{IPAlink|b}}

| {{IPAlink|d}}

| {{IPAlink|ɖ}}

| {{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|

rowspan=2| Approximant

! {{small|central}}

| {{IPAlink|ʋ}} ~ {{IPAlink|b}}

|

|

| {{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

{{small|lateral}}

|

| {{IPAlink|l}}

|

|

|

|

colspan=2| Fricative

|

| {{IPAlink|s}}

|

|

|

| {{IPAlink|h}}

colspan=2| Flap

|

| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}

| {{IPAlink|ɽ}}

|

|

|

=Vowels=

Kui language has five short vowels and five long vowels.{{cite book | last=Winfield | first=W.W. | title=A grammar of the Kui language | publisher=Printed at the Baptist mission press, Pub. by the Asiatic society of Bengal | series=Bibliotheca Indica | year=1928 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.37202 | access-date=2020-11-08| page=1}} The vowels are illustrated below in IPA.{{sfnp|Krishnamurti|2003|p=70}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

|+Vowels{{harvp|Krishnamurti|2003|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=54fV7Lwu3fMC&q=grantha+script 72]}}

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |Front

! colspan="2" |Central

! colspan="2" |Back

short

!long

!short

!long

!short

!long

align="center"

!High

|{{IPAlink|i}}

|{{IPAlink|iː}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|u}}

|{{IPAlink|uː}}

align="center"

!Mid

|{{IPAlink|e}}

|{{IPAlink|eː}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|o}}

|{{IPAlink|oː}}

align="center"

!Low

|

|

|{{IPAlink|a}}

|{{IPAlink|aː}}

|

|

References

{{Reflist}}