Kurt Bachmann (politician)
{{Short description|German politician, Holocaust survivor and member of the anti-Nazi resistance}}
{{hatnote|This article is about the German resistance fighter. For the Filipino basketball player, see Kurt Bachmann.}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kurt Bachmann
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|06|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Düren, German Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1997|02|23|1909|06|22|df=y}}
| death_place = Cologne, Germany
| office1 = Leader of the German Communist Party
| term_start1 = 1969
| term_end1 = 1973
| predecessor1 = position established
| successor1 = Herbert Mies
| occupation =
| party = German Communist Party (1968–)
{{ill|German Peace Union|de|Deutsche Friedens-Union}} (1950s–1960s)
Communist Party of Germany (1932–1956)
| spouse = Alice Bachmann
| alma_mater =
| awards = Lenin Peace Prize (1979)
Order of Karl Marx (1974)
Order of Friendship of Peoples (1974)
}}
Kurt Bachmann (22 June 1909 – 23 February 1997) was a German politician, Holocaust survivor, and member of the anti-Nazi resistance in Germany. From 1969 to 1973 he was leader of the German Communist Party (DKP).
Life
Bachmann was born on 22 June 1909 in Düren. His father, Max Bachmann, was a retail manager and social democrat, while his mother, Elfriede Bachmann née Klaber, was a leather tanner of Jewish origins.{{Cite book |title=PDS/Offene Liste Düren, Informationen zu Kurt Bachmann, |date=2004-01-15 |publisher=Stadtarchiv Düren |location=Düren |language=de}}
In 1929 Bachmann became a member of the Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition (RGO). In 1932, he became a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Following the seizure of power by the Nazi Party in 1933, Bachmann took part in resistance activities in Cologne, primarily distributing illegal publications. Together with Otto Kropp and Ulrich Osche, he established an underground KPD organization in Cologne, bringing together activists who had evaded crackdowns by the Gestapo. Otto Kropp was arrested in 1936 and executed in 1937, but did not reveal any information about Bachmann to the Nazi authorities.{{Cite book |last=Kraushaar |first=Luise |title=Deutsche Widerstandskämpfer 1933 bis 1945 |publisher=Dietz Verlag |year=1970 |volume=1 |location=Berlin |pages=531ff |language=de |trans-title=German resistance fighters 1933 to 1945}}{{Cite book |last=Röder |first=Werner |title=Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933. |last2=Strauss |first2=Herbert |publisher=K. G. Saur Verlag |year=1980 |volume=1 |location=Munich |pages=399 |language=de |trans-title=Biographical Handbook of German-speaking Emigration after 1933}}
In 1938, Bachmann and his wife Alice Bachmann (née Wertheim), who was also Jewish, migrated to France for work. When the Second World War broke out in 1939, he was interned by French authorities as a German national. He was a member of an underground KPD cell in Toulouse.
In 1942, Bachmann was arrested and put on a transport to Auschwitz with his wife Alice.{{Cite web |date=2019-02-27 |title=NRW-Finanzämter drohen der VVN-BdA mit Entzug der Gemeinnützigkeit |trans-title=NRW tax offices threaten to revoke VVN-BdA's non-profit status |url=https://nrw.vvn-bda.de/2019/02/27/nrw-finanzaemter-drohen-der-vvn-bda-mit-entzug-der-gemeinnuetzigkeit/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=International Federation of Resistance Fighters – Association of Anti-Fascists |language=de}} Since he was able to work, he was separated from the others; his wife was murdered. Bachmann was an inmate in various concentration camps, at Buchenwald he was able to reconnect with other members of the KPD.{{Cite book |last=Hochmuth |first=Peter |title=Buchenwald, ich kann dich nicht vergessen |last2=Hoffman |first2=Gerhard |publisher=Dietz Verlag |year=2007 |isbn=978-3320021009 |location=Berlin |language=de |trans-title=Buchenwald, I can't forget you.}}
After the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) was banned in West Germany in 1956, Bachmann worked as a reprographer, then as a correspondent for the anti-fascist weekly newspaper Die Tat in Bonn. In the 1965 West German federal election, he was a candidate of the Deutsche Friedensunion (trans. German Peace Union). Bachmann worked to establish the German Communist Party (DKP), and served as party leader from 1969 to 1973.{{Cite news |date=1979-05-01 |title=Russian award to Davis |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19790501&id=_egRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3-4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3595,225126 |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=The Spokesman-Review |pages=2}}
In 1974, he received the Order of Friendship of Peoples, and the Order of Karl Marx. In 1979, he received the Lenin Peace Prize.{{Cite book |title=Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia |publisher=Sovetskaya Enciklopediya |year=1979 |location=Moscow |pages=599 |language=ru}}
Until 1990, Bachmann was a member of the Central Committee of the DKP, and the governing council of the International Federation of Resistance Fighters – Association of Anti-Fascists.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Bachmann participated in the peace movement, and anti-racist activism in Cologne (see Arsch huh, Zäng ussenander). He also volunteered as a contemporary witness, taking part in projects documenting the history of persecution under the Nazi regime.{{Cite book |last=Bachmann |first=Kurt |title=1933: Texte, Fotos, Chronik |publisher=Verlag Marxistische Blätter |year=1983 |isbn=978-3880126756 |location=Frankfurt |language=de}} Bachmann died in Cologne on 23 February 1997.
Selected works
References
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bachmann, Kurt}}
Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany
Category:Recipients of the Order of Karl Marx
Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize
Category:Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime members
Category:German Holocaust survivors