Kuwaiti–Rashidi war
{{Short description|The war between al Sabah and al Saud against al Rashid}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Kuwaiti–Rashidi war
| place = Jabal Shammar, Kuwait
| date = December 1900 – April 1901
| result = Inconclusive
• Kuwaiti invasion of Nejd and Jabal
shammer fails
• Rashidi counter-invasion of Kuwait fails
| combatant1 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
- 17 Arab tribes
| combatant2 = Emirate of Jabal Shammar
| commander1 = Mubarak I{{WIA}}
Hamoud Al-Sabah{{KIA}}
| commander2 = Abd al-Aziz II
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| units1 =
| units2 =
}}
The Kuwaiti–Rashidi war was a conflict between the Sheikhdom of Kuwait and the Emirate of Jabal Shammar which was fought from 1900 to 1901. It began in mid-December 1900,{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icj1SiWf6YUC|title=The Reign of Mubarak-Al-Sabah: Shaikh of Kuwait 1896-1915|last=Alghanim|first=Salwa|date=1998-10-15|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781860643507|pages=95, 96|language=en}} when the emir of Kuwait, Mubarak Al-Sabah launched a raid into central Arabia. It saw moderate initial success, with the Kuwaitis moving into Najd towards the end of February 1901, and having captured Unaizah, Buraidah and Al Zulfi by 11 March. Most of Riyadh was also captured (except for the besieged citadel), from where the Kuwaitis attempted to march on Ha'il, and on 11 March the Kuwaitis began a pursuit of the emir of Jabal Shammar, who was thought to be in the vicinity of Ha'il. However, Kuwaiti success saw a reversal on 17 March 1901 when the Kuwaiti army was defeated in the Battle of Sarif. Upon hearing of this defeat, Ibn Saud, who was besieging the Masmak fort in Riyadh (which was defended by Aljan ibn Muhammad), hastily retreated to Kuwait, and the emir of Kuwait followed suit, arriving in Kuwait on 31 March. The emir of Jabal Shammar, Abd al-Aziz ibn Mutib, attempted to follow up this victory by besieging Al Jahra, but retreated out of Kuwait after failing to capture Al Jahra for 2-3 weeks.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEIhBQAAQBAJ|title=The History of Saudi Arabia|last=Vassiliev|first=Alexei|date=2013-09-01|publisher=Saqi|isbn=9780863567797|pages=211, 212|language=en}}
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Battles
= Battle of Sarif =
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Sarif
| place = {{ill|Al-Sarif (archaeological site)|lt=Sarif|ar|الصريف (الأسياح)}}, northwest of Buraydah
| date = 1901 (17 March)
| result = Emirate of Jabal Shammar victory
• Kuwaiti invasion of Nejd and Jabal shammer fails
- The Emir of Jabal Shammar pursued Mubarak Al-Sabah until he besieged Jahra in 1901 (31March)
| combatant1 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of al-Muntafiq.svg}} Al-Muntafiq Union
- 17 Arab tribes
| combatant2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
| commander1 = Mubarak I{{WIA}}
Hamoud Al-Sabah{{KIA}}
| commander2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Abd al-Aziz II
| casualties1 = 9.000-3.000
| casualties2 = 400
| units1 =
| units2 =
| partof = Kuwaiti–Rashidi war
| strength1 = 64.000
| strength2 = 12.000
}}
The Battle of Sarif was a conflict between the Sheikhdom of Kuwait and the Emirate of Jabal Shammar which was fought from 1900 to 1901. It began in mid-December 1900, when the emir of Kuwait, Mubarak Al-Sabah launched a raid into central Arabia. It saw moderate initial success, with the Kuwaitis moving into Najd towards the end of February 1901, and having captured Unaizah, Buraidah and Al Zulfi by 11 March. Most of Riyadh was also captured (except for the besieged citadel), from where the Kuwaitis attempted to march on Ha'il, and on 11 March the Kuwaitis began a pursuit of the emir of Jabal Shammar, who was thought to be in the vicinity of Ha'il. However, Kuwaiti success saw a reversal on 17 March 1901 when the Kuwaiti army was defeated in the Battle of Sarif. Upon hearing of this defeat, Ibn Saud, who was besieging the Masmak fort in Riyadh (which was defended by Aljan ibn Muhammad), hastily retreated to Kuwait, and the emir of Kuwait followed suit, arriving in Kuwait on 31 March.{{Cite book |last=عبدالله الصالح العثيمين |first=عبدالله الصالح |title=History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |date=4 September 2018 |isbn=9786035091855 |edition=2nd |publisher=Obeikan Publishing|location=Riyadh |language=ar}}{{Cite book |last=عباس سيد احمد عبدالله بن محمد المنيف |first=هاري سانت جون فيلبي-عبدالله فيلبي |title=الذكرى العربية للمملكة العربية السعودية |date=23 July 2003 |publisher=العبيكان للنشر |isbn=9960404021 |edition=First |location=Riyadh |pages=29–31 |language=ar |trans-title=عربي}}
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= Battle of Rakhima =
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Rakhima
| place = Al Rakhimiya area, northwest of Kuwait
| date = 1901 (22 April)
| result = Kuwait victory
| combatant1 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
| combatant2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
| commander1 = Mubarak Al-Sabah
| commander2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| units1 = 3,000
| units2 = 1,200
| partof = Kuwaiti–Rashidi war
}}
The Battle of Al-Rakhima was a raid launched by Kuwaiti forces on the Shammar tribes affiliated with the ruler of Hail in 1901 in the Al-Rakhima region in northwestern Kuwait after his withdrawal from Al-Jahra and some villages adjacent to Al-Jahra.{{Cite book |last=د.عبد الرحمن الأبراهيم |first=د.عبد الرحمن |title=لا يكتب التاريخ مرة واحدة |date=19 August 2024 |publisher=Takween Publisher |isbn=9789921775440 |edition=1st |language=ar}}
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= [[Siege of Masmak fort]] =
{{Infobox military conflict|
| conflict = Siege of Masmak fort
| image =
| partof = Kuwaiti-Rashidi war
| date = 1901 (7 February)-1901 (17 March)
| place = Masmak Palace Riyadh
| result = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar victory
| combatant1 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh (1902-1913).svg}} Ibn Saud
File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Sheikhdom of Kuwait
| commander1 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Abdul Rahman bin Dhaban
File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Aljan ibn Muhammad
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of Riyadh (1902-1913).svg}} Abdulaziz Al Saud
| strength1 = 1,300-2,500
| strength2 = 3,000
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}
King Abdulaziz besieged Ibn Rashid's garrison in Al-Masmak Palace for 40 days, during which there were periods of fighting between the two parties. King Abdulaziz began implementing a plan to dig a tunnel leading to Al-Masmak Palace, but he stopped after he received news of the negative News of the adverse developments that occurred in the Battle of Al-Sarif, and the defeat of Sheikh Mubarak’s army, which forced him to lift the siege of Al-Masmak Palace and leave Riyadh.
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= [[Siege of Al Jahra]] =
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = siege of Al-Jahra
| date = 1901 (31 March) – 1901 (21 April)
| result = indecisive victory Emirate of Jabal Shammar
- The control of the Emirate of Jabal Shammar over of Al-Jahra
- Mubarak Al Sabah was expelled to Al-Rakhima area
- The control of the Emirate of Jabal Shammar over all the villages adjacent to Jahra
- Withdrawal of the Emirate of Jabal Shammar after the sudden British intervention
| combatant1 = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
{{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} British Empire
| combatant2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
| commander1 = Mubarak I
| commander2 = File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Ha%27il.svg Abd al-Aziz II
| casualties1 = Dozens of dead
Dozens of wounded
200 Captive
| casualties2 = Unknown
| units1 = 5,500
| units2 = 3,500
| partof = Kuwaiti–Rashidi war
}}
The siege of Al-Jahra on March 31. Ibn Rashid succeeded in occupying and besieging Jahra, and Kurdi Ibn Tawala Al Shamri attacked the wells of Kuwait and occupied a border area. Ibn Tawala succeeded with 200 camels in occupying and besieging some Kuwaiti areas, and Jaber Al Sabah's forces surrendered near Al Rakhima, and 200 Kuwaitis were captured and some Kuwaiti forces fled, but after the victory, the Rashid forces withdrew from Jahra after 3 weeks of control.{{Cite book |last=سلطان بن محمد القاسمي |first=سلطان بن محمد |title=بيان الكويت |date=2006 |publisher=المؤسسه العربيه للدراسات والنشر |isbn=9789953368054 |edition=1 |location=Kuwait |pages=136–138 |language=ar |trans-title=Kuwaiti Statement}}
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