Kyankwanzi District

The Kyankwanzi District borders Nakaseke District to the east across the Mayanja River, Kiboga District to the south-east, Mubende District and Kibaale District to the south-west across the Lugogo River, and Hoima and Masindi districts to the north across the River Kafu. The district headquarters in Butemba Town on the Bukwiri-Kyankwanzi Road are approximately {{convert|160|km|mi}} by road from Kampala, the nation's capital.{{cite web | url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%20()&toplace=Kyankwanzi%20(Western%20Province)&fromlat=0.3155556&tolat=1.2&fromlng=32.5655556&tolng=31.8166667 | title=Road Distance Between Kampala And Kyankwanzi With Map | publisher=Globefeed.com | access-date=15 May 2014}}

The district has lush green forests and prairies with only minor elevation differences as it is the plateau behind the western fork of the East African Rift running across the Hoima District. The altitude is roughly 1,000–1,200 meters above sea level.{{Cite web|title=Overview {{!}} Kyankwanzi District Local Government|url=https://kyankwanzi.go.ug/lg/overview|access-date=2021-05-19|website=kyankwanzi.go.ug}}

Kyankwanzi District was carved out of Kiboga District by Act of Parliament in July 2010, with eight sub-counties in Kiboga North County.{{Cite web|title=Location & Size {{!}} Kyankwanzi District Local Government|url=https://kyankwanzi.go.ug/lg/location-size|access-date=2021-05-19|website=kyankwanzi.go.ug}} Prior to the creation, district services operated from Kiboga Town,{{cite web

| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809030239.html | title=Uganda: Kiboga Council Okays Creation of Kyankwanzi District | last=Muzaale | date=3 September 2008 | first=Fred | access-date=15 May 2014 | publisher=Daily Monitor via AllAfrica.com}} approximately {{convert|35|km|mi}} from Butemba. Further in the past, Kyankwanzi District was carved out of Kiboga District.{{Cite web|title=Overview {{!}} Kyankwanzi District Local Government|url=https://kyankwanzi.go.ug/lg/overview|access-date=2022-02-14|website=kyankwanzi.go.ug}} The reasons given for forming the district included the long distances that residents had to travel to access district services at Kiboga.

The district name derives from Kyankwanzi Town, 20 km farther away from Kampala-Hoima Road, as the region is historically associated with the National Resistance Movement (NRM), which started the Ugandan Bush War of 1981-86 from cattle-herding Kyankwanzi under the direction of President Museveni.{{Cite journal|last=Ofcansky|first=Thomas P.|date=1999-07-01|title=Musevenis War and the Ugandan Conflict|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/4386|journal=Journal of Conflict Studies|language=en|issn=1715-5673}} Up to this day, Kyankwanzi serves as the strong foothold of the NRM and hosts the National Leadership Institute that provides training to serving military troops and public servants of Uganda.{{Cite web|title=National Leadership Institute {{!}} (NALI) – Kyankwanzi|url=https://www.nali.go.ug/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.nali.go.ug}} Meanwhile, Butemba was chosen as the district seat for accessibility and land availability reasons.{{Cite web|title=Kyankwanzi District Local Government|url=https://kyankwanzi.go.ug/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=kyankwanzi.go.ug}}

The district has only two counties, Butemba and Ntwetwe.[http://www.statoids.com/uug.html Districts of Uganda, Statoids, accessed 3 August 2015][http://www.statoids.com/yug.html Counties of Uganda, Statoids, accessed 3 August 2015]

Culturally, Kyankwanzi is the northwestern frontier of the Buganda Kingdom, overseen from the Ssingo county seat of Mityana. Once belonging to Bunyoro, as Rugonjwa Sub-county, Nsambya Sub-county in the northwest was won by the Buganda Kingdom in the battles in the 1890s under Kabaka Mwanga II's rule.{{cite web | title=Amasaza ga Buganda | publisher=Mukasa E. Ssemakula | access-date=26 August 2014 | url=http://www.buganda.com/masaza.htm}}

In 1991, the national population census estimated the district population at 43,500. The next national census in 2002 estimated the population at 120,600. In 2012, the population was estimated at 182,900.{{cite web | url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uganda-admin.php?adm2id=093 | title=Estimated Population of Kyankwanzi District In 1991, 2002 & 2012 | publisher=Citypopulation.de | access-date=15 May 2014}}

In 2009, Kyankwanzi Sub-county, then under the Kiboga District, was recorded as the poorest administrative area in the Central Region, with 38 percent of the population living on less than US$1.00 a day.{{cite web | title=New Study Names Poorest Ugandans | publisher=New Vision | date=3 February 2009 | access-date=15 May 2014 | first=and Francis Kagolo | last=Anthony Bugembe | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/670249 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002000143/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/670249 | archive-date=2 October 2012 }}{{Cite journal|last=Mallick|first=Lindsay|date=2019|title=Using the Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys from 2011 and 2016 to assess changes in Saving Mothers, Giving Life intervention district|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332796410|journal=Journal of Global Health Report|pages=1–13}}

{{More citations needed||date=September 2016}}

Kiboga and Kyankwanzi are popular destinations for rural-to-rural migration in Uganda. The government announced in the 1990s availability of land resources to attract farmers from around the country. It is now inhabited by the Soga and Masaba peoples in the east, and the Kiga and Fumbira peoples from Kigezi in the southwest, as well as indigenous Baganda, Banyoro, and the cattle-keeping Ankole people/Rwandans with some Congolese refugees. Almost all residents are at least bilingual.{{Cite web|title=Kyankwanzi – Uganda {{!}} Data and Statistics – knoema.com|url=https://knoema.com//atlas/Uganda/Kyankwanzi|access-date=2021-05-20|website=Knoema|language=en-US}}

Crop husbandry, livestock keeping, logging/charcoal-making are the three major economic activities in the district.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}{{Cite journal|last1=Ali|first1=Farasat|last2=Khan|first2=Babar|last3=Khan|first3=Garee|last4=Abbas|first4=Yawar|last5=Hussain|first5=Ejaz|last6=Masud|first6=Ambar|last7=Akber|first7=Karim|last8=Karim|first8=Rizwan|date=November 2015|title=Hazard Vulnerability Risk Assessment of District Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/05.01.2015/007|journal=Modern Environmental Science and Engineering|volume=1|issue=5|pages=255–268|doi=10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/05.01.2015/007|issn=2333-2581|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|last=Ggoobi|first=Ramathan|date=2017|title=Economic development and industrial policy in Uganda|url=https://www.necoc-opm.go.ug/HzCentral2/Kyankwazi%20District%20HRV%20Profile.pdf|journal=Friendrich Ebert Stiftung|pages=1–43}}

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Because the Kyankwanzi District is located along the cattle corridor that crosses the country from south-west to north-east, many residents are of Banyankole/Banyarwanda origin who pasture Ankole cattle in the vast woodland. Cattle-keeping is mostly concentrated on Kapeke, Kyankwanzi, Nsambya Sub-county areas. In these areas, weekly or bi-monthly cattle markets are set up in major trading centers.

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Crop husbandry is most prominent in the Nsambya Sub-country area with maize, beans, and rice produced, as well as tobacco leaves. Nsambya crop produce is marketed in the regional town of Hoima and the capital Kampala, where traders from urban areas and as far as in South Sudan and Kenya make purchases. Food crops, both for cash and subsistence purposes, include the following:

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|

• Maize
• Common beans
• Groundnuts
• Upland rice of NERICA varieties
• Pineapples
• Tobacco
• Plantain
• Sweet Potatoes
• Cassava
• Millet
• Sorghum

}}

Utilizing the rich soil, the Kyankwanzi area is also known as a producer of forest products, namely, timber and charcoal, both of which are tax revenue sources.{{Cite journal|last=Mulumba|first=Moses|date=2018|title=Using Health Committees to Promote Community Participation as a Social Determinant of the Right to Health: Lessons from Uganda and South Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26542056.pdf|journal=Health and Human Rights|volume=20| issue = 2|pages=11–18|jstor=26542056|pmid=30568398 |pmc=6293345 }}

The German company Global Woods AG has obtained a 50-year tree farming license from the National Forestry Authority for an area of 12,186 hectares on Ugandan state land in the Kikonda Forest Reserve. Global Woods plans to plant monocultures mainly of pine (Pinus caribaea, Pinus oocarpa) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) trees on 8,000 hectares for later logging and to reserve the rest "for conservation".{{cite web | url= http://www.uganda.global-woods.com/3.html | title=timber – global-woods Uganda | work=uganda.global-woods.com | date=17 July 2016 | access-date=18 September 2016}} Local farmers were driven from the land, ending the traditional practice of grazing cattle in the woods and making charcoal for cooking and the market.{{cite news |url= http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/uganda-waldprojekt-raubt-bauern-lebensraum-a-1065963.html | title= Umstrittene Aufforstung in Uganda Bäume pflanzen, Bauern verdrängen | language=de |trans-title=Controversial Afforestation in Uganda – Planting Trees, Driving out Farmers | first=Susanne | last=Götze | date=2015-12-09 | work=Spiegel Online | publisher=SpiegelNet GmbH | location=Hamburg | access-date=18 September 2016}}{{cite web | url=http://www.redd-monitor.org/2016/01/08/global-woods-plantations-in-uganda-trees-versus-food | title=Global Woods' plantations in Uganda: Trees versus food | first=Chris | last=Lang | date=2016-01-08 | work=redd-monitor.org | access-date=18 September 2016}} Global Woods sells carbon credits, which allow the purchaser to emit more greenhouse gases than the limit agreed in the Kyoto Protocol and later international climate conferences.{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=95129855 | title=Company Overview of global-woods international AG | work=bloomberg.com | date=2016 | access-date=18 September 2016}}{{cite web | url= https://www.unendlich-viel-energie.de/die-agentur/unterstuetzer/unsere-unterstuetzer/global-woods-ag | title=Unterstützer Unternehmen: global-woods AG – Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien | language=de |trans-title=Supporters – Companies – Global Woods AG – Agency for Renewable Energies | author=global-woods AG | work=unendlich-viel-energie.de | year=2016 | access-date=18 September 2016}} Carbon certificates are also the subject of a speculative financial market.{{Cite journal|last=Allan|first=Nadiope|date=2018|title=The influence of diameter on resin yield from pinus caribaea at Kikonda forest reserve Kyankwanzi district|url=http://196.43.133.120/bitstream/handle/20.500.12281/5150/Nadipe-CAES-Bachelors.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|journal=Thesis|pages=1–42}}

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Public transport to Kyankwanzi District is chiefly made up of long-distance bus services which connect Kampala with the Bunyoro capital of Hoima. Taxis, both in wagons and sedans, connect major trading centres such as Bukwiri, Ntwetwe, Kyenda, Ntunda, and Kikonda with Kiboga. Kyankwanzi is served by taxis from Bukwiri and Bukomero, beside the training participants at the National Leadership Institute who have direct shuttle services from Kampala.

{{reflist}}

• {{Official website|http://www.kyankwanzi.go.ug/}}

{{Districts of Uganda}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Districts of Uganda

Category:Central Region, Uganda