Kyzylorda

A settlement existed under Seljuk, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty. The modern city began in 1817Valikhanof et al, The Russians in Central Asia, 1865, page 315, says " according to Kirgiz accounts, about the year 1817." Kirgiz meant Kazakh at that time. as the site of a Kokand fortress known as Ak-Mechet, or white mosque.Pospelov, p. 24 The later-famous Yaqub Beg was once the fort's commander, but he was not in command during the final battle. In 1853, during the Russian conquest of Turkestan, the fort was taken by Russian troops under General Vasily Perovsky. The Russians established a new fort and called it Fort-Perovsky ({{lang|ru|Форт-Перо́вский}}), after the general.

The town of Perovsk ({{lang|ru|Перо́вск}}) in Russian Turkestan later developed around the fort. In 1925, the city was renamed Kzyl-Orda ({{lang|ru|Кзыл-Орда}}) and was designated as the capital of the Kazak ASSR. The name means a red city, from the Turkic "кзыл" (red; used here in the common Soviet ideological connotation) and the Turkic Mongolian "орда" (city). In 1927 the capital was relocated to the southeastern region and Alma-Ata.

"Kyzylorda", the Kazakh-based Romanized spelling, has been used since the late 20th century after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan's independence in 1991.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

Since independence, many of the outhouses were erected in several apartment buildings used as dormitories during Soviet rule due to a lack of sewage systems for indoor plumbing. A RFE/RL report in April 2018 stated that the Kazakh Republic government was planning to modernize Soviet-era buildings.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-infrastructure-plumbing/29150171.html|title = Toilet Trouble in Kazakhstan| date=April 6, 2018 }}

Kyzylorda has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation is low throughout the year, particularly in the summer months. Snow is common, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is {{convert|-36.1|C|1}}, recorded in February 1969, and the former highest temperature was {{convert|46.0|C|1}}, recorded on July 7, 1975, with the current record high temperature of {{convert|46.5|°C}} being recorded on July 7, 2021.{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=38062&ano=2021&mes=7&day=7&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30 |title=38062: Kzyl-Orda (Kazakhstan) |author= |date= 7 July 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 9 July 2021|quote=}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Kyzylorda (1991–2020, extremes 1856–present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 16.8

|Feb record high C = 23.9

|Mar record high C = 31.9

|Apr record high C = 39.3

|May record high C = 43.3

|Jun record high C = 44.6

|Jul record high C = 46.5

|Aug record high C = 44.7

|Sep record high C = 42.0

|Oct record high C = 35.7

|Nov record high C = 26.0

|Dec record high C = 18.2

|year record high C = 46.5

|Jan high C = -2.5

|Feb high C = 0.8

|Mar high C = 10.4

|Apr high C = 20.9

|May high C = 28.2

|Jun high C = 33.6

|Jul high C = 35.1

|Aug high C = 33.4

|Sep high C = 26.6

|Oct high C = 18.1

|Nov high C = 7.1

|Dec high C = -0.5

|year high C = 17.6

|Jan mean C = -6.8

|Feb mean C = -4.5

|Mar mean C = 4.0

|Apr mean C = 14.0

|May mean C = 21.1

|Jun mean C = 26.7

|Jul mean C = 28.3

|Aug mean C = 26.2

|Sep mean C = 19.0

|Oct mean C = 10.6

|Nov mean C = 1.7

|Dec mean C = -4.9

|year mean C = 11.3

|Jan low C = -10.6

|Feb low C = -9.1

|Mar low C = -1.4

|Apr low C = 7.3

|May low C = 13.8

|Jun low C = 19.2

|Jul low C = 21.0

|Aug low C = 18.9

|Sep low C = 11.7

|Oct low C = 4.2

|Nov low C = -2.8

|Dec low C = -8.5

|year low C = 5.3

|Jan record low C = -33.0

|Feb record low C = -36.1

|Mar record low C = -26.0

|Apr record low C = -12.2

|May record low C = -0.8

|Jun record low C = 7.2

|Jul record low C = 7.8

|Aug record low C = 6.0

|Sep record low C = -1.0

|Oct record low C = -12.6

|Nov record low C = -25.1

|Dec record low C = -31.0

|year record low C = -36.1

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 18.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 14.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 14.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 19.8

|May precipitation mm = 18.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 8.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 5.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 3.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 2.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 9.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 15.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 16.4

|year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan precipitation days =4.6

| Feb precipitation days =3.6

| Mar precipitation days =3.5

| Apr precipitation days =3.6

| May precipitation days =3.2

| Jun precipitation days =2.0

| Jul precipitation days =1.1

| Aug precipitation days =0.7

| Sep precipitation days =0.6

| Oct precipitation days =2.1

| Nov precipitation days =3.7

| Dec precipitation days =4.3

| year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 78

|Feb humidity = 74

|Mar humidity = 65

|Apr humidity = 49

|May humidity = 41

|Jun humidity = 35

|Jul humidity = 34

|Aug humidity = 34

|Sep humidity = 40

|Oct humidity = 52

|Nov humidity = 70

|Dec humidity = 77

|year humidity = 54

|Jan rain days = 4

|Feb rain days = 4

|Mar rain days = 6

|Apr rain days = 6

|May rain days = 6

|Jun rain days = 4

|Jul rain days = 3

|Aug rain days = 2

|Sep rain days = 2

|Oct rain days = 5

|Nov rain days = 6

|Dec rain days = 5

|year rain days = 53

|Jan snow days = 12

|Feb snow days = 9

|Mar snow days = 4

|Apr snow days = 0.2

|May snow days = 0.03

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0.4

|Nov snow days = 3

|Dec snow days = 9

|year snow days = 38

|Jan sun = 111.6

|Feb sun = 144.1

|Mar sun = 204.6

|Apr sun = 252.0

|May sun = 347.2

|Jun sun = 375.0

|Jul sun = 424.7

|Aug sun = 375.1

|Sep sun = 327.0

|Oct sun = 238.7

|Nov sun = 150.0

|Dec sun = 111.6

|Jand sun = 3.6

|Febd sun = 5.1

|Mard sun = 6.6

|Aprd sun = 8.4

|Mayd sun = 11.2

|Jund sun = 12.5

|Juld sun = 13.7

|Augd sun = 12.1

|Sepd sun = 10.9

|Octd sun = 7.7

|Novd sun = 5.0

|Decd sun = 3.6

|yeard sun = 8.4

|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161125142716/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38062.htm

| archive-date = 25 November 2016

| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38062.htm

| title = Weather and Climate - Kyzylorda

| access-date = 5 January 2022

| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)

| language = ru}}

|source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun)

{{cite web

| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_380620_kt.pdf

| title = Klimatafel von Ksyl-Orda (Perowsk) / Kasachstan

| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure

| access-date = September 17, 2016}}

}}

Kyzylorda is known for its rice production. Many hundreds of hectares are devoted to rice production. Two rice mills operate in the city.Staff US Rice Producers Association

Kyzylorda State University (KSU) after Korkyt ata[http://www.korkyt.kz korkyt.kz] is the leading center of education, a science and culture center in the Aral region of the Republic Kazakhstan. Established in 1950, the university trains highly skilled specialists in 54 specialties at 11 faculties.

File:Syr Darya.jpg river flows through the city.]]

Kyzylorda has one airport. It has developed as the supply center of the important oilfields in the nearby Turgay Basin.

Points of interest for tourists in the Kyzylorda region include the vanished Aral Sea and the Baikonur cosmodrome, archaeological excavations in Sauran and Shyganak, the memorial complex of Korkyt Ata, and several ancient mausoleums.{{Cite web|url=https://caravanistan.com/kazakhstan/center/kyzylorda/|title=Kyzylorda travel guide {{!}} Caravanistan|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-22}}

• Asim Thahit Abdullah Al Khalaqi (1968–2015), Yemeni formerly held in Guantanamo, given asylum by Kazakhstan in 2015
• Vladimir Hotineanu (1950–2019), former Health Minister of Moldova
• Eliezer Kulas (born 1944), Israeli politician
• Oleg Tozoni (1927–2012), engineer and inventor
• Marina Volnova (born 1989), Olympic boxer
• Ilya Ilyin (born 1988), Olympic weightlifter
• Batyrkhan Shukenov (1962–2015), Soviet, Kazakh-Russian singer
• Mihhail Kõlvart (born 1977), Estonian politician

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Kazakhstan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Kazakhstan}}

Kyzylorda is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Есть ли побратимы у Актау и других городов Казахстана|url=https://tumba.kz/zhizn-regiona/11-zhizn-regiona/43012-Est_li_pobratimy_u_Aktau_i_drugih_gorodov_Kazahstan.html|website=tumba.kz|publisher=Tumba|language=ru|date=2019-05-04|access-date=2020-11-30}}{{cite web |title=Kardeş Şehirler|url=https://www.bolu.bel.tr/kardessehirler/|website=bolu.bel.tr|publisher=Bolu|language=tr|access-date=2020-11-30}}

• {{flagicon|USA}} Arvada, United States
• {{flagicon|TUR}} Bolu, Turkey
• {{flagicon|TUR}} Bursa, Turkey

{{Reflist}}

• Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

{{Commons category}}

• [http://aboutkazakhstan.com/kyzylorda-city History, facts and photos]

{{Kyzylorda Region}}

{{Cities of Kazakhstan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}

Category:Cities and towns in Kazakhstan

Category:Populated places in Kyzylorda Region

Category:Syr-Darya Oblast

Category:Populated places established in 1820