Lüliang

{{Other uses|Luliang (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Lüliang

| official_name =

| other_name = Lvliang, Lyuliang

| native_name = 吕梁市

| native_name_lang = zh-Hans

| nickname =

| settlement_type = Prefecture-level city

| total_type =

| motto =

| image_skyline = {{CSS image crop

|Image =

|bSize = 1300

|cWidth = 300

|cHeight = 181

|oTop = 0

|oLeft = 506

|Location = center

}}

| imagesize =

| image_caption = Downtown Lishi District

| image_seal =

| seal_size =

| image_shield =

| shield_size =

| image_blank_emblem =

| blank_emblem_type =

| blank_emblem_size =

| image_map = Location of Lüliang Prefecture within Shanxi (China).png

| mapsize =

| map_caption = Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi

| image_map1 =

| mapsize1 =

| map_caption1 =

| image_dot_map =

| dot_mapsize =

| dot_map_caption =

| dot_x =

| dot_y =

| pushpin_map = Shanxi

| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Shanxi

| pushpin_label_position = right

| pushpin_mapsize = 240

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = People's Republic of China

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Shanxi

| subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions

| subdivision_name2 = 1 District
2 county-level cities
10 counties

| seat_type = Municipal seat

| seat = Lishi District

| parts_type =

| parts_style =

| parts =

| p1 =

| p2 =

| government_footnotes =

| government_type = Prefecture-level city

| leader_title = CPC Secretary

| leader_name = Sun Dajun
({{lang|zh-hans|孙大军}})

| leader_title1 = Mayor

| leader_name1 = Xiong Yizhi
({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|熊义志}}) (Acting)

| leader_title2 =

| leader_name2 =

| leader_title3 =

| leader_name3 =

| leader_title4 =

| leader_name4 =

| established_title =

| established_date =

| established_title1 =

| established_date1 =

| established_title2 =

| established_date2 =

| established_title3 =

| established_date3 =

| founder =

| named_for =

| area_magnitude =

| unit_pref =

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 21,143

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 =

| area_water_percent =

| area_metro_km2 = 1,323

| area_urban_km2 = 1,323

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m = 952

| elevation_max_m =

| elevation_min_m =

| population_as_of = 2020 census

| population_footnotes = {{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shanxi/admin/|title = China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}

| population_note =

| population_total = 3,398,431

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_metro = 456,355

| population_urban = 456,355

| population_density_metro_km2 = auto

| population_density_urban_km2 = auto

| demographics_type2 = GDP{{cite book |author=山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 |title=《山西统计年鉴-2021》|date=December 2021 |publisher=China Statistics Press |isbn=978-7-5037-7824-7}}

| demographics2_title1 = Prefecture-level city

| demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 153.8 billion
US$ 24.2 billion

| demographics2_title2 = Per capita

| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 45,256
US$ 7,241

| timezone = China Standard

| utc_offset = +8

| coor_pinpoint = Lüliang municipal government

| coordinates = {{coord|37.5190|N|111.1445|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-14_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 033000

| area_code = 0358

| blank_name =

| blank_info =

| blank1_name = Licence plates

| blank1_info = {{lang|zh-cn|晋J}}

| blank2_name = Administrative division code

| blank2_info = 141100

| iso_code = CN-SX-11

| website = {{URL|www.lvliang.gov.cn}}

| footnotes =

}}

Lüliang ({{lang-zh|s=吕梁 |t=呂梁 |p=Lǚliáng}}), also spelled as LvliangBecause of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name Lvliang is often used in government websites and road signages. or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of {{convert|21143|km2}} and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area.

History

Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,Lvliang City, "[http://www.lvliang.gov.cn/zjll/llgl/llgk/ Overview of Luliang]" Retrieved on August 13, 2023. the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004.

In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.Langfitt, Frank. "[https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150918034905/http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust Archive]).National Public Radio. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.{{Cite web |date=2018-03-28 |title=Death penalty for Chinese ‘godfather’ over US$160 million in bribes |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2139335/death-penalty-godfather-chinese-coal-mining-town-over |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}

The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.

Administration

Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:

class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" align=center

!colspan="7" align="center" | Map

colspan="7" align="center" |

{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Lüliang.png|width={{{1|450}}}|link=}}

{{Image label|x=800|y=1370|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Lishi}}

{{Image label|x=1380|y=1460|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Wenshui
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1270|y=1220|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Jiaocheng
County
}}

{{Image label|x=610|y=390|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Xing
County
}}

{{Image label|x=440|y=920|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Lin
County
}}

{{Image label|x=410|y=1540|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Liulin
County
}}

{{Image label|x=320|y=1960|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Shilou
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1080|y=460|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Lan
County
}}

{{Image label|x=810|y=970|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Fangshan
County
}}

{{Image label|x=650|y=1690|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Zhongyang
County
}}

{{Image label|x=800|y=2050|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Jiaokou
County
}}

{{Image label|x=1120|y=1870|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Xiaoyi}}

{{Image label|x=1190|y=1640|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=Fenyang}}

{{Image label end}}

-

! #

! Name

! Hanzi

! Hanyu Pinyin

! Population (2010 census){{Cite web |title=Lǚliáng Shì (Shānxī) (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/luliang/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}

! Area (km2)

! Density (/km2)

---------

|1

|Lishi District

|{{lang|zh-hans|离石区}}

|Líshí Qū

|320,142

|1,323

|242

---------

|2

|Xiaoyi City

|{{lang|zh-hans|孝义市}}

|Xiàoyì Shì

|468,770

|934

|502

---------

|3

|Fenyang City

|{{lang|zh-hans|汾阳市}}

|Fényáng Shì

|416,212

|1,173

|355

---------

|4

|Wenshui County

|{{lang|zh-hans|文水县}}

|Wénshuǐ Xiàn

|421,199

|1,069

|394

---------

|5

|Zhongyang County

|{{lang|zh-hans|中阳县}}

|Zhōngyáng Xiàn

|141,374

|1,435

|98

---------

|6

|Xing County

|{{lang|zh-hans|兴县}}

|Xīng Xiàn

|279,373

|3,164

|88

---------

|7

|Lin County

|{{lang|zh-hans|临县}}

|Lín Xiàn

|579,077

|2,979

|194

---------

|8

|Fangshan County

|{{lang|zh-hans|方山县}}

|Fāngshān Xiàn

|143,809

|1,433

|100

---------

|9

|Liulin County

|{{lang|zh-hans|柳林县}}

|Liǔlín Xiàn

|320,676

|1,288

|249

---------

|10

|Lan County

|{{lang|zh-hans|岚县}}

|Lán Xiàn

|174,182

|1,509

|115

---------

|11

|Jiaokou County

|{{lang|zh-hans|交口县}}

|Jiāokǒu Xiàn

|119,918

|1,258

|95

---------

|12

|Jiaocheng County

|{{lang|zh-hans|交城县}}

|Jiāochéng Xiàn

|230,521

|1,821

|126

---------

|13

|Shilou County

|{{lang|zh-hans|石楼县}}

|Shílóu Xiàn

|111,815

|1,736

|64

Climate

Lüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from {{convert|−7.0|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|23.7|°C}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|9.5|°C|1}}. Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Lüliang (Lishi District), elevation {{convert|951|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)

|Jan high C = 0.7

|Feb high C = 5.7

|Mar high C = 12.6

|Apr high C = 20.1

|May high C = 25.6

|Jun high C = 29.6

|Jul high C = 30.6

|Aug high C = 28.5

|Sep high C = 23.6

|Oct high C = 17.2

|Nov high C = 9.4

|Dec high C = 2.1

|Jan mean C = -6.2

|Feb mean C = -1.5

|Mar mean C = 5.2

|Apr mean C = 12.5

|May mean C = 18.2

|Jun mean C = 22.5

|Jul mean C = 24.1

|Aug mean C = 22.2

|Sep mean C = 16.9

|Oct mean C = 10.0

|Nov mean C = 2.5

|Dec mean C = -4.5

|Jan low C = -11.4

|Feb low C = -7.0

|Mar low C = -0.8

|Apr low C = 5.6

|May low C = 11.1

|Jun low C = 15.9

|Jul low C = 18.7

|Aug low C = 17.2

|Sep low C = 11.7

|Oct low C = 4.7

|Nov low C = -2.4

|Dec low C = -9.2

|Jan record high C = 15.0 |Jan record low C = -26.0

|Feb record high C = 22.7 |Feb record low C = -23.9

|Mar record high C = 29.8 |Mar record low C = -16.1

|Apr record high C = 35.5 |Apr record low C = -9.6

|May record high C = 36.7 |May record low C = -3.2

|Jun record high C = 40.6 |Jun record low C = 4.2

|Jul record high C = 39.8 |Jul record low C = 10.2

|Aug record high C = 37.2 |Aug record low C = 6.6

|Sep record high C = 36.2 |Sep record low C = -2.0

|Oct record high C = 29.4 |Oct record low C = -8.7

|Nov record high C = 24.1 |Nov record low C = -20.0

|Dec record high C = 16.7 |Dec record low C = -24.9

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 2.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 6.0

|Mar precipitation mm = 11.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 26.4

|May precipitation mm = 35.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 52.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 110.6

|Aug precipitation mm = 115.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 72.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 36.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 16.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 2.8

|Jan humidity = 55

|Feb humidity = 51

|Mar humidity = 45

|Apr humidity = 42

|May humidity = 44

|Jun humidity = 52

|Jul humidity = 65

|Aug humidity = 70

|Sep humidity = 70

|Oct humidity = 66

|Nov humidity = 61

|Dec humidity = 56

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 2.5

|Feb precipitation days = 3.1

|Mar precipitation days = 4.0

|Apr precipitation days = 5.7

|May precipitation days = 6.7

|Jun precipitation days = 8.5

|Jul precipitation days = 12

|Aug precipitation days = 11.4

|Sep precipitation days = 9.0

|Oct precipitation days = 6.7

|Nov precipitation days = 4.5

|Dec precipitation days = 2.2

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 168.3

|Feb sun = 162.8

|Mar sun = 202.7

|Apr sun = 228.7

|May sun = 249.9

|Jun sun = 230.0

|Jul sun = 214.1

|Aug sun = 205.1

|Sep sun = 190.7

|Oct sun = 189.9

|Nov sun = 174.9

|Dec sun = 168.2

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 55

| Feb percentsun = 53

| Mar percentsun = 54

| Apr percentsun = 58

| May percentsun = 57

| Jun percentsun = 52

| Jul percentsun = 48

| Aug percentsun = 49

| Sep percentsun = 52

| Oct percentsun = 55

| Nov percentsun = 58

| Dec percentsun = 57

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 3.2

|Feb snow days = 3.5

|Mar snow days = 2.1

|Apr snow days = 0.4

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0.2

|Nov snow days = 2.0

|Dec snow days = 3.3

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023}}

|source 2 = Weather China

{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101101100.shtml? | script-title=zh:吕梁 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-cn |access-date = 2011-12-21

}}

}}

Transportation

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}