LMS Compound 4-4-0

{{Infobox locomotive

|name = LMS 4P Compound 4-4-0

|powertype = Steam

|image = Midland compound, 1115 (CJ Allen, Steel Highway, 1928).jpg

|caption = LMS 1115 circa 1925–1928

|designer = Henry Fowler

|builder = LMS Derby Works (75)
LMS Horwich Works(20);
North British Locomotive Company (25)
Vulcan Foundry (75)

|builddate = 1924–1932

|totalproduction = 195

|whytetype = 4-4-0

|uicclass = 2′B h3v

|gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}

|leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|6+1/2|in|m|3|abbr=on}}

|driverdiameter = {{convert|6|ft|9|in|m|3|abbr=on}}

|length = {{convert|56|ft|7+7/8|in|m|3|abbr=on}}

|wheelbase = Loco: {{convert|24|ft|3|in|m|3|abbr=on}}

|locoweight = {{convert|61.70|LT|t ST|abbr=on|lk=on}}

|tenderweight = {{convert|41.2|–|41.7|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}

|fueltype = Coal

|fuelcap = {{convert|4.0|-|5.5|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}

|watercap = {{convert|3500|impgal|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}

|boiler = G9AS

|boilerpressure = {{convert|200|lbf/in2|MPa|2|abbr=on|lk=on}}

|firearea = {{convert|28.5|sqft|abbr=on}}

|tubesandflues = {{convert|1170|sqft|abbr=on}}

|fireboxarea = {{convert|147|sqft|abbr=on}}

|superheaterarea = {{convert|290|sqft|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} or
{{convert|272|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}

|cylindercount = {{ubl|One high pressure (inside)|Two low pressure (outside)}}

|hpcylindersize = {{convert|19|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

|lpcylindersize = {{convert|21|x|26|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

|valvegear = Stephenson

|valvetype = {{ubl|HP: piston valves |LP: Slide valves}}

|tractiveeffort = {{convert|22650|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on}}

|trainbrakes = Vacuum

|operator = {{ubl|London, Midland and Scottish Railway|British Railways}}

|powerclass = 4P

|fleetnumbers = {{ubl|LMS 900–939, 1045–1199|BR: 40900-40939, 41045–41199}}

|withdrawndate = 1952–1961

|disposition = All scrapped

}}

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Compound 4-4-0 was a class of steam locomotive designed for passenger work.{{cite web|url=http://www.srpsmuseum.org.uk/LMidComp.htm |title=4-4-0 Midland Compound express passenger locomotive N0.1000 |publisher=Srpsmuseum.org.uk |date=2012-03-07 |accessdate=2014-06-12}}

Overview

One hundred and ninety five engines were built by the LMS, adding to the 45 Midland Railway 1000 Class, to which they were almost identical. The most obvious difference is that the driving wheel diameter was reduced from {{convert|7|ft|0|in|m|3|abbr=on}} on the Midland locomotive to {{convert|6|ft|9|in|m|3|abbr=on}} on the LMS version.

They were given the power classification 4P.

The LMS continued the Midland numbering from 1045 to 1199 and then started in the lower block of 900–939. After nationalisation in 1948, BR added 40000 to their numbers so they became 40900–40939 and 41045–41199.{{cite web|url=http://www.warwickshirerailways.com/lms/lnwrmlsh74.htm |title=Monument Lane Shed - View of ex-LMS 4P 4-4-0 Compound No 40936 coupled to the experimental Stanier 3500 gallon tender |publisher=Warwickshirerailways.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-12}}

class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center \|+ Table of orders ! LMS No. !! BR No. !! Lot No. !! Date built !! Built by !! Nos.
1045–1084	41045–41084	6	1924	Derby Works
1085–1114	41085–41114	16	1925	Derby Works
1115–1130	41115–41130	17	1925	Horwich Works
1131–1134	41131–41134	17	1926	Horwich Works
1135–1159	41135–41159	18	1925	North British Loco	23229–53
1160–1184	41160–41184	19	1925	Vulcan Foundry	3833–3857
1185–1199	41185–41199	38	1927	Vulcan Foundry	3998–4012
{{Sort\|0900–0909\|900–909}}	40900–40909	38	1927	Vulcan Foundry	4013–4022
{{Sort\|0910–0924\|910–924}}	40910–40924	38	1927	Vulcan Foundry	4033–4047
{{sort\|0925–0934\|925–934}}	40925–40934	38	1927	Vulcan Foundry	4023–4032
{{sort\|0935–0939\|935–939}}	40935–40939	90	1932	Derby Works

40933 was later fitted with a Stanier 3500 gallon tender from 40936.

40936 was fitted to a Stanier 3500 gallon tender. Later fitted to 40933.

Accidents and incidents

On 8 January 1929, locomotive 1060 was hauling an express passenger train from Bristol to Leeds, Yorkshire when it overran signals at {{rws|Ashchurch}}, Gloucestershire and collided with a freight train that was being shunted. Four people were killed.{{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Trevena |title=Trains in Trouble |volume=1 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Redruth |year=1980 |page=36 |isbn=0-906899-01-X}}{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Ashchurch1929.pdf |title=Report on the Accident at Ashchurch on 8th January 1929 |publisher=Ministry of Transport |date=5 March 1929 |accessdate=10 June 2014}}
On 13 March 1935, locomotive No. 1165 was hauling a milk train that was in a rear-end collision with an express freight train, hauled LNWR Claughton Class 4-6-0 No. 5946, at King's Langley, Hertfordshire due to a signalman's error. Two other freight trains collided with the wreckage. One of these trains was hauled by LMS Patriot Class 4-6-0 No. 5511 and the other was a coal train, being hauled by LMS Class 7F 0-8-0 No. 9598. 1 person was killed.{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Stanley |title=The Railway Detectives |year=1990 |publisher=Ian Allan |location=London |isbn=0-7110-1929-0 |page=99 }}

Withdrawal

The class were withdrawn between 1952 and 1961. None have survived into preservation, though the first of the Midland 1000 Class engines has.{{cite web|url=http://chasewaterstuff.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/steam-locomotives-of-a-more-leisurely-era-1902-4-4-0-compounds-midland-railway/ |title=Steam Locomotives of a More Leisurely Era 1902 – 4-4-0 Compounds Midland Railway | Chasewaterstuff's Railway & Canal Blog |publisher=Chasewaterstuff.wordpress.com |date=2013-01-14 |accessdate=2014-06-12}} There is an unconfirmed report that No. 41168 was the subject of an unsuccessful preservation attempt by Dr. Peter Beet.{{cite web |url=https://www.warwickshirerailways.com/lms/lnwrmlsh74.htm |website=Warwickshire Railways |access-date=9 December 2020|title=Monument Lane Shed - View of ex-LMS 4P 4-4-0 Compound No 40936 coupled to the experimental Stanier 3500 gallon tender }}

class=wikitable style=text-align:center \|+ Table of withdrawals ! Year !! Quantity in service at start of year !! Quantity withdrawn !! Locomotive numbers
1952	195	6	align=left \| 40911/18/22, 41109/71/82.
1953	189	13	align=left \| 40905, 41046/52/55–57/92/99, 41125/45/48/78/84.
1954	176	23	align=left \| 40901/14/19/23, 41047/51/54/58/74/80/82/84/87/96, 41110/15/33–34/38–39/41/46/74.
1955	153	37	align=left \| 40903/06/08/12–13/15–16/21/24, 41059/61/67/69–70/72/76/81/91, 41104/07/17/24/26/27/30/35–36/49/54/61/69/75–77/83/88/98.
1956	116	27	align=left \| 40900/02/09–10/17/29/32/38–39, 41050/53/65/79/88/97, 41126/28/31–32/37/42/47/60/66/70/87/91.
1957	89	34	align=left \| 40904/26–27/30/34, 41045/48/64/73/75/77/85/89/98, 41103/05/08/12/16/40/50–51/53/55/72/79–81/85–86/92/94–95/97.
1958	55	36	align=left \| 40920/28/31/33/35/37, 41060/66/68/71/78/83/86/90/93/95, 41102/06/11/13–14/18–19/22/44/52/56/59/63–64/67/89–90/93/96/99.
1959	19	13	align=left \| 40925, 41049/62/94, 41100–01/20–21/23/43/58/65/73.
1960	6	4	align=left \| 40907, 41063, 41157/62.
1961	2	2	align=left \| 40936, 41168.

Model railways

In 2013, Bachmann Branchline introduced a OO gauge model of locomotive 1189 in LMS black livery.{{cite magazine|title=Bachmann LMS 'Compound' 4-4-0|first=Richard|last=Foster|magazine=Model Rail|pages=36–37|issue=178|date=February 2013|location=Peterborough|publisher=Bauer|issn=1369-5118|oclc=173324502}}

References

;Sources

Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, 1948 Edition, part 3, pp 5–6
David Hunt, John Jennison and Bob Essery. LMS Locomotive Profiles No. 13: The Standard Compounds {{ISBN|978-1-905184-811}}
{{Rowledge-Engines of the LMS}}