Lady Park Wood National Nature Reserve

The reserve is considered to be one of the most important sites for woodland conservation in the United Kingdom and lies on the southern side of a gorge formed by the winding River Wye. Located halfway between Monmouth and Ross-on-Wye, it is part of the long stretch of woodland which fringes the lower part of the Wye Valley and then joins the Forest of Dean. The nearest community is Symonds Yat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gloucestershires-national-nature-reserves/gloucestershires-national-nature-reserves|title=Gloucestershire's National Nature Reserves|website=GOV.UK}}

In response to criticism of its afforestation programmes in 1938, the Forestry Commission offered ecologists the opportunity to set up research reserves on its land. With the support of Eustace Jones of the University of Oxford Forestry department, the only such reserve that was established in the UK was at Lady Park Wood. The reserve was established in 1944, and has been surveyed on a regular basis since then. In 1945, the wood consisted of old stands that had been coppiced in 1870 and thinned in 1902 and the 1920s. All were then allowed to grow unmanaged. According to ecologist George Peterken, it was found that tree growth led to a decline in tree numbers, through increasing shade and browsing by deer, and, over time, disturbances such as Dutch elm disease in the 1970s, and a late snowfall in 1983 had increasingly disproportionate impacts on the woodland. It was found that "there was no single natural composition; rather, the natural mixture would fluctuate between beech dominance and ash-lime dominance according to the chance impacts of various disturbances." In recent years the woodland has become overrun by fallow deer and grey squirrels — both non-native species — affecting the regrowth of its trees.{{cite book|last=Peterken|first=George|title=Wye Valley|publisher=Harper Collins|location=London|year=2008|series=New Naturalist|pages=183–187|isbn=978-0-00-716069-3}}

The Welsh part of the wood is the Easternmost point in Wales; it is further East than English places such as Hereford, Leominster and Shrewsbury.

The woodland is of beech, oak{{clarify|Quercus robur or Quercus petraea?|date=July 2013}}, ash, small-leaved lime and large-leaved lime. There is also birch{{clarify|Betula pendula or Betula pubescens?|date=July 2013}}, field maple, aspen, yew, holly, whitebeam{{clarify|which whitebeam? Sorbus aria?|date=July 2013}}, alder and other species. The understorey is dominated by hazel and includes dogwood, hawthorn and other species typical of the area.

The ground flora includes dog's mercury and bramble and other species recorded include wild madder, toothwort, lily-of-the-valley, herb paris, and bird's-nest orchid.

The area has a rich bird community, including all three native woodpecker species and the tawny owl. Other species include common redstart, wood warbler, pied flycatcher and treecreeper.

The Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley are known areas for supporting the bat populations, and there are several Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in England and in Wales for their protection. There are breeding sites, hibernation sites and the large tracts of woodland provide a rich feeding area. Significant numbers of the rarer bat species – lesser horseshoe bat and greater horseshoe bat – have been recorded in Lady Park Wood. The Wye Valley and Forest of Dean Bat Sites ({{lang|cy|Safleoedd Ystlumod Dyffryn Gwy a Fforest y Ddena}}) are designated a Special Area of Conservation.{{Cite web|url=https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/|title=List of SACs in the United Kingdom – Special Areas of Conservation|website=sac.jncc.gov.uk}}

• [http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designatedareas/nnr/1006088.aspx Natural England description of Lady Park Wood NNR]
• [http://www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/map.aspx?map=nreserves&feature=1006088,nnr,REF_CODE,LABEL Natural England map of the NNR]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125220432/http://www.ccw.gov.uk/landscape--wildlife/protecting-our-landscape/special-landscapes--sites/protected-landscapes/national-nature-reserves/lady-park-wood.aspx Countryside Council for Wales information on Lady Park Wood NNR]

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{{Commons category-inline|Lady Park Wood}}

• [http://www.forestry.gov.uk/ Forestry Commission]

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Category:National nature reserves in England

Category:National nature reserves in Wales

Category:Nature reserves in Gloucestershire