Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

The idea for what would eventually become the AONB designation was first put forward by John Dower in his 1945 Report to the Government on National Parks in England and Wales. Dower suggested there was need for protection of certain naturally beautiful landscapes that were unsuitable as national parks owing to their small size and lack of wildness. Dower's recommendation for the designation of these "other amenity areas" was eventually embodied in the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 as the AONB designation.{{cite web|url=http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/aonb-story.html|title=NAAONB|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829080922/http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk/aonb-story.html|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=dead}}

The purpose of an AONB designation is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the designated landscape.

There are two secondary aims: meeting the need for quiet enjoyment of the countryside and having regard for the interests of those who live and work there. To achieve these aims, AONBs rely on planning controls and practical countryside management. As they have the same landscape quality, AONBs may be compared to the national parks of England and Wales. National parks are well known in the UK; by contrast, there is evidence to indicate many residents in AONBs may be unaware of the status. However, the National Association of AONBs is working to increase awareness of AONBs in local communities,{{cite web|url=http://www.aonb.org.uk/__80256cd200319c8e.nsf/PublishedContent/e2a6b120d1308d7480256ced0061d328!OpenDocument&AutoFramed|title=NAAONB|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913214618/http://www.aonb.org.uk/__80256cd200319c8e.nsf/PublishedContent/e2a6b120d1308d7480256ced0061d328%21OpenDocument%26AutoFramed|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=dead}} and, in 2014, successfully negotiated to have the boundaries of AONBs in England shown on Google Maps.{{cite web|url=http://www.suffolkcoastandheaths.org/assets/Publications/Newspaper--Newsletters/Monthly-Updates/SCH-AONB-February-Monthly-Update.pdf|title=Suffolk Coast & Heaths AONB|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928224039/http://www.suffolkcoastandheaths.org/assets/Publications/Newspaper--Newsletters/Monthly-Updates/SCH-AONB-February-Monthly-Update.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=dead}}

Image:ThreeCliffsBay.jos.500pix.jpg in the Gower Peninsula, the first designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]

There are 46 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the United Kingdom: 33 in England, four in Wales, one on the England–Wales border, and eight in Northern Ireland. The first AONB was established in 1956 on the Gower Peninsula in South Wales, and the most recent to be designated is the Tamar Valley AONB, established in 1995.{{cite web|url=http://www.tamarvalley.org.uk/about/what-is-the-tamar-valley-aonb/|title=Tamar Valley - What is the Tamar Valley AONB?|website=www.tamarvalley.org.uk|access-date=16 February 2018}} More recent changes include the Clwydian Range AONB being extended in 2012 to form the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB, and the Strangford Lough and Lecale Coast AONBs being merged to form a single AONB in 2010.{{cite web|url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/de/protected_areas_home/aonb/strangford_and_lecale_aonb-2.htm|title=Northern Ireland Environment Agency|access-date=16 February 2018}}

AONBs vary greatly in terms of size, type and use of land, and whether they are partly or wholly open to the public. The smallest AONB is the Isles of Scilly, {{convert|16|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and the largest is the Cotswolds,{{Cite web|url=http://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk/about-the-cotswolds/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914181536/http://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk/about-the-cotswolds/|url-status=dead|title=Cotswolds AONB|archivedate=14 September 2014}} {{convert|2038|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. AONBs cover around 15% of England and 4% of Wales.{{Cite web |title=About Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB's) |url=https://landscapesforlife.org.uk/about-aonbs/about-aonbs |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=landscapesforlife.org.uk}}

AONBs in England and Wales were originally created under the same legislation as the national parks, the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. Unlike AONBs, national parks have special legal powers to prevent unsympathetic development. AONBs in general remain the responsibility of their local authorities by means of special committees that include members appointed by a minister and by parishes, and only very limited statutory duties were imposed on local authorities within an AONB by the original 1949 Act. However, further regulation and protection of AONBs in England and Wales was added by the Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000, under which new designations are now made,[http://www.staffsmoorlands.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/pages/CV%20AONB%20Assessment%20Paper.pdf Staffordshire Moorlands District Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911183009/http://www.staffsmoorlands.gov.uk/sites/default/files/documents/pages/CV%20AONB%20Assessment%20Paper.pdf |date=11 September 2014 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.highweald.org/downloads/publications/1093-development-control-information-leaflet/file.html|title=High Weald AONB|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928071108/http://www.highweald.org/downloads/publications/1093-development-control-information-leaflet/file.html|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=dead}}

In the National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012), the government stated that AONBs and national parks have equal status when it comes to planning decisions on landscape issues. Two of the AONBs (the Cotswolds and the Chilterns), which extend into a large number of local authority areas, have their own statutory bodies, known as conservation boards. In 2019 the Glover Report made various recommendations regarding the future of AONBs{{snd}}the report's 'central proposal' being to bring National Parks and AONBs together as part of one 'family of national landscapes'{{Cite web |title=Landscapes review: National Parks and AONBs |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/designated-landscapes-national-parks-and-aonbs-2018-review |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=GOV.UK |date=25 September 2019 |language=en}}{{snd}}but as at 1 November 2020 the government has yet to respond to those recommendations. However, the Cotswolds Conservation Board announced in September 2020 that they were re-styling the area name and it is now known as the Cotswolds National Landscape.{{cite web |title=Latest News: The Cotswolds AONB gets a new look and a new name |url=https://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk/about-us/latest-news/ |website=Cotswolds National Landscape |publisher=Cotswolds AONB |access-date=31 October 2020}}

All English and Welsh AONBs have a dedicated AONB officer and other staff. As required by the CRoW Act, each AONB has a management plan that sets out the characteristics and special qualities of the landscape and how they will be conserved and enhanced. The AONBs are collectively represented by the National Association for Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (NAAONB), an independent registered charity acting on behalf of AONBs and their partners, which uses the slogan "Landscapes for Life".{{cite web |title=Landscapes for Life |url=https://landscapesforlife.org.uk/ |publisher=Association for AONBs |access-date=27 September 2019}}

AONBs in Northern Ireland was designated originally under the Amenity Lands (NI) Act 1965; subsequently under the Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (NI) Order 1985.{{Cite web|url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/aonb.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902035244/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/aonb.htm|url-status=dead|title=Northern Ireland Environment Agency|archivedate=2 September 2014}}

On 22 November 2023, following a 2022 Landscapes Review policy paper by Julian Glover,{{cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Landscapes review (National Parks and AONBs): government response |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/landscapes-review-national-parks-and-aonbs-government-response/landscapes-review-national-parks-and-aonbs-government-response |accessdate=22 November 2023}} the AONBs in England and Wales adopted the National Landscapes name, and are in the process of rebranding.{{cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=Welcome to National Landscapes |url=https://national-landscapes.org.uk/news/welcome-to-national-landscapes |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=National Landscapes}}{{cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=National Landscapes: name change for AONBs represents ambitious plan to combat climate change and biodiversity loss in Britain |url=https://www.countryfile.com/news/aonbs-renamed-national-landscapes |accessdate=22 November 2023 |website=BBC Countryfile}} The name "area of outstanding natural beauty" is still the designated legal term.[https://cornwall-landscape.org/ Cornwall National Landscape], accessed 23 June 2024 The review did not extend to Northern Ireland, and its AONBs did not adopt the new name.{{Cite web |title=National Landscapes |url=https://national-landscapes.org.uk/nations/northern-ireland |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=National Landscapes |language=en-GB}}

File:Amexstadjuly10.jpg under construction in 2010 in the former Sussex Downs AONB]]

There are growing concerns among environmental and countryside groups that AONB status is increasingly under threat from development. The Campaign to Protect Rural England said in July 2006 that many AONBs were under greater threat than ever before.{{cite web|url=http://www.cpre.org.uk/news-releases/news-rel-2006/33-06.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926031151/http://www.cpre.org.uk/news-releases/news-rel-2006/33-06.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2006|title=CPRE : News releases : Outstandingly beautiful, still seriously threatened|date=26 September 2006|access-date=16 February 2018}} Three particular AONBs were cited: the Dorset AONB threatened by a road plan, the threat of a football stadium in the Sussex Downs AONB, and, larger than any other, a £1 billion plan by Imperial College London to build thousands of houses and offices on hundreds of acres of AONB land on the Kent Downs at Wye.{{cite web |url=http://www.save-wye.org |title=save-wye.org |publisher=save-wye.org |access-date=30 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507080241/http://www.save-wye.org/ |archive-date=7 May 2009 |url-status=dead }} In September 2007 government approval was finally given for the development of a new football ground for Brighton and Hove Albion within the boundaries of the Sussex Downs AONB, after a fierce fight by conservationists. The subsequent development, known as Falmer Stadium, was officially opened in July 2011. The Weymouth Relief Road in Dorset was constructed between 2008 and 2011, after environmental groups lost a High Court challenge to prevent its construction.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-12771624|title=Relief road opens after 60 years|work=BBC News |date=17 March 2011|access-date=16 February 2018}}

Writing in 2006, Professor Adrian Phillips listed threats facing AONBs, which he says include uncertainty over future support for land management, increasing development pressures, the impacts of globalization, and climate change. More subtle threats include creeping suburbanization and horsiculture.

Poet Laureate Simon Armitage wrote a poem "Fugitives", commissioned by the National Association of AONBs, which he read on Arnside Knott on 21 September 2019 to launch the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act.{{cite web |title=Celebrating our special landscapes |url=https://www.arnsidesilverdaleaonb.org.uk/celebrating-special-landscapes/ |publisher=Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty |access-date=27 September 2019 |date=23 September 2019}}{{cite news |title=Poem commissioned to celebrate national parks |url=https://theecologist.org/2019/sep/25/poem-commissioned-celebrate-national-parks |work=Ecologist |date=25 September 2019| access-date=27 September 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Armitage |first1=Simon |title=Fugitives |url=https://www.simonarmitage.com/wp-content/uploads/Fugitives.pdf |access-date=27 September 2019}}

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South Hampshire Coast AONB

The establishment of the New Forest National Park in 2005 meant the subsumption of South Hampshire Coast AONB into it.

East Hampshire AONB and Sussex Downs AONB

East Hampshire and Sussex Downs AONBs were replaced in 2010 by the South Downs National Park.

{{Main|Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

{{for|proposed areas in Wales|Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales#Proposed areas}}

The following are formal proposals for new AONBs submitted to Natural England:{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/833726/landscapes-review-final-report.pdf|title=Landscape Review - Final Report|author=Glover, Julian|publisher=DEFRA|date=September 2019|access-date=2020-01-23|page=153}}

• Cambs Ouse Valley
• Churnet Valley
• Forest of Dean
• Herefordshire Marches
• Northants Ironstone Uplands
• Yorkshire Wolds

The 2019 Landscape Review Report additionally favourably mentions proposals not listed in Natural England's list: from Sandstone Ridge and the Vale of Belvoir.{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/833726/landscapes-review-final-report.pdf|title=Landscape Review - Final Report|author=Glover, Julian|publisher=DEFRA|date=September 2019|access-date=2020-01-23|page=121}} The Cheshire Sandstone Ridge was subsequently shortlisted for AONB designation in 2021.{{cite web |title=Sandstone Ridge: Cheshire's Magical Landscape |url=https://www.sandstoneridge.org.uk/ |publisher=Sandstone Ridge Trust |access-date=21 December 2023}}

On 8 October 2024, Natural England launched a statutory and public consultation for proposed plans to designate part of the Yorkshire Wolds as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).{{OGL-attribution}}{{Cite news |last= |author-link= |date=8 October 2024 |title=Have your say about new Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/have-your-say-about-new-area-of-outstanding-natural-beauty |work=Natural England}}

• Conservation in the United Kingdom
• European Landscape Convention
• Landscape-scale conservation
• National parks of England and Wales
• National parks of Northern Ireland
• Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.landscapesforlife.org.uk National Association of AONBs website]
• {{EW charity|num=1158871 | title=National Association of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty}}
• {{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/areas-of-outstanding-natural-beauty-aonbs-designation-and-management | title=Guidance: Areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONBs): designation and management | publisher=Natural England | website=gov.uk| date=18 June 2018 }}

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Category:1940s establishments in the United Kingdom

Category:Protected areas of the United Kingdom

Category:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom

AONB