Land O'Lakes

Image:LandOLakesKielWisconsin.jpg]]

Land O'Lakes was founded on July 8, 1921, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by representatives from 320 cooperative creameries as the Minnesota Cooperative Creameries Association. This organization aimed to improve the marketing practices and quality of butter, and thus increase the profitability of dairying.

The Association developed and implemented a systematic inspection, grading and certification system of butter from member creameries, resulting in greater uniformity of product. The improved quality and uniformity, and the reliability of its grading system, were touted in advertising materials. In 1924, the uniformly graded sweet cream butter was given the name "Land O'Lakes" after a contest, and the certificate forms used by the Association included the "Land O Lakes" marketing name (Minnesota's state nickname is "Land of 10,000 Lakes").

The name became popular enough that the organization's public identity was often confused with its product name; thus, in 1926, the organization itself adopted the name "Land O'Lakes Creameries, Inc." and became eponymous with its product.

The co-op was often accused of unfair competition and false advertising in its early years,{{citation needed|date=March 2011}} and compelled to defend its inspection and certification processes. Eventually, however, the sweet butter marketing strategy drove competitors either to match the quality of butter produced under the Land O'Lakes name or see their sales decline.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}} Many competitors in the dairy products business copied the Land O'Lakes approach, and the certification of quality became a proven marketing technique in other product lines as well. In the 1960s and 1970s, Land O'Lakes and Lake to Lake (which later merged into Land O'Lakes) had a rivalry with the National Farmers Organization over the practice of withholding milk from market. One member was expelled from Lake to Lake for recruiting other farmers into NFO.

The Land O'Lakes co-op has grown through numerous acquisitions, and now has a large business in farm supply in addition to dairy:

In 1978, Land O'Lakes got into the meatpacking business with the purchase of Spencer Beef.{{cite web| url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/land-o-lakes-inc-history/ |title= Land O'Lakes, Inc. History | work= Funding Universe| access-date= August 28, 2016}} It sold Spencer Beef in 1983 to Excel, now Cargill Meat Solutions.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1926&dat=19830620&id=sVcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0dgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2640,3945504&hl=en |title=What's next? Spencer Beef sale will bring changes, but not right away |newspaper=Spencer Daily Reporter |date=June 20, 1983 |access-date=June 24, 2016 |first=Gene |last=Lucht}}

In 1999, Land O'Lakes took an ownership stake in egg producer MoArk; it took full ownership of the company in 2006.{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/01/business/grass-roots-business-a-marketing-cry-don-t-fence-them-in.html |title= A Marketing Cry: Don't Fence Them In | first= Alex |last= Markels | location= Denver| date= September 1, 2002 | work= The New York Times| access-date= January 9, 2015}}{{cite news | url= http://www.joplinindependent.com/display_article.php/mariwinn1138734523 | title= Land 'O Lakes now owns 100% of MoArk | work= Joplin Independent | first= Mari | last= Winn | date= January 31, 2006 | access-date= January 9, 2015 | archive-date= February 25, 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150225151122/http://www.joplinindependent.com/display_article.php/mariwinn1138734523 | url-status= dead }}

In 2001, it paid $360 million – and assumed $130 million in debt – to take over animal feed producer Purina Mills, once part of Ralston Purina.{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/19/business/company-news-land-o-lakes-to-buy-a-leading-livestock-feed-company.html | title= COMPANY NEWS; LAND O'LAKES TO BUY A LEADING LIVESTOCK FEED COMPANY | newspaper= The New York Times |date= June 19, 2001}} Purina Mills' new owner planned to merge the company with its Land O'Lakes Farmland Feed division but would keep the Purina name and logo.[http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2001/12/24/focus9.html?page=all Purina Mills Inc. acquired by Land O'Lakes of Arden Hills, Minn., Linda Tucci, St. Louis Business Journal, St Louis, MO, 23 December 2001]. Retrieved: February 25, 2012

A federal court in 2002 ordered Land O'Lakes to pay $3 million for patent infringement to Dr William Pordy, the inventor of a type of dairy creamer.{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/03/business/land-o-lakes-ordered-to-pay-inventor.html |title= Land O' Lakes Ordered to Pay Inventor |work= The New York Times|date= January 3, 2002}} An appeal court later overturned that ruling.{{cite web | url=http://www.finnegan.com/files/Publication/181a16c7-a8cd-4242-b8dd-736ce6c736f5/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/cea53647-2162-4e29-a087-78558cf4f696/03-1182%204-30-04.pdf | title=Appeal | access-date=November 21, 2013}}

In August 2012, Land O'Lakes purchased refrigerated desserts manufacturer Kozy Shack Enterprises for an undisclosed sum.{{cite press release| url= http://www.landolakesinc.com/utility/news/company/ECMP2-0167621 |title= Land O'Lakes Closes Kozy Shack Acquisition |date= August 1, 2012 |publisher= Land O'Lakes |access-date= August 6, 2013}}{{cite news| url= http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/news/2012/07/10/land-olakes-buys-kozy-shack.html |title= Land O'Lakes buys dessert maker Kozy Shack |date= July 18, 2012 |publisher= BizJournals.com | first= Ed | last= Stych |access-date= August 6, 2013}}

In June 2016, Land O'Lakes acquired the Thousand Oaks, California-based biofuels firm Ceres, Inc.{{cite web |url=http://hayandforage.com/article-780-land-o'lakes-acquires-ag-biotech-developer-ceres-inc.html |title=Land O'Lakes Acquires Ag Biotech Developer Ceres Inc. |date=June 21, 2016 |publisher=Hay & Forage Grower |access-date=November 17, 2016}}

In July 2018, Land O'Lakes named Beth Ford as its first female CEO. Ford's role became effective August 1. At the time, she was the third openly gay woman CEO to run a Fortune 500 company.{{cite web|last=Carpenter |first=Julia |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/27/news/companies/lgbtq-ceos/index.html |title=A new first for LGBTQ business leaders |date=July 27, 2018 |publisher=Money.cnn.com |access-date=2018-07-28}}{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/07/26/land-o-lakes-beth-ford-ceo/|title=The Latest Female CEO in the Fortune 500 Breaks a New Barrier|work=Fortune|access-date=2018-08-17|language=en}}

In December 2019, Land O'Lakes used autonomous truck technology developed by Plus.ai to successfully complete the first cross-country, commercial freight run by a self-driving truck.{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/12/10/a-self-driving-truck-delivered-butter-from-california-to-pennsylvania-in-three-days/|title=A self-driving truck delivered butter from California to Pennsylvania in three days|work=Mercury News|date=December 10, 2019|access-date=2019-12-11|language=en}}

In 2020, the company started the American Connection Project along with Microsoft, Tractor Supply Co., and the Mayo Clinic to set up free wifi locations during the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web|last=Oprysko|first=Caitlin|title=Why a butter company is lobbying on broadband access|url=https://politi.co/3jDo0cL|access-date=2022-02-24|website=POLITICO|date=July 2, 2021 |language=en}}

The company's headquarters is in Arden Hills, Minnesota, in suburban Minneapolis-St. Paul."[http://www.landolakesinc.com/utility/contact/default.aspx Contact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331063633/http://www.landolakesinc.com/utility/contact/default.aspx |date=2014-03-31 }}". Land O'Lakes. Retrieved on March 20, 2014. "Land O'Lakes, Inc. 4001 Lexington Ave. N Arden Hills, MN 55126-2998" – [http://www.landolakesinc.com/stellent/groups/public/@lolinc/documents/web_content/ecmd2-0017113.pdf Directions] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140927191737/http://www.landolakesinc.com/stellent/groups/public/@lolinc/documents/web_content/ecmd2-0017113.pdf Archive])

• Land O Lakes (the apostrophe is sometimes removed in product branding) licensed to Dean Foods
• Alpine Lace
• Land O'Lakes Food Service
• Kozy Shack
• Vermont Creamery

• Purina Animal Nutrition
• Mazuri
• Land O'Lakes Feed

• WinField United (merged with United Suppliers in Spring 2016)

File:1970 Land O Lakes butter and clothes ad.jpg]]

The Land O'Lakes indigenous woman, named Mia, holding the butter box was painted in 1928 by Brown & Bigelow illustrator Arthur C. Hanson.Houze, Rebecca (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YCy1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape]. London: Bloomsbury. {{ISBN|9780857855213}}. p. 93. According to Land O'Lakes, the original image of Mia was "simplified and modernized" in 1939 by Jess Betlach and has undergone many minor modifications since as the enduring logo of the co-op. Red Lake Ojibwe artist Patrick DesJarlait updated Mia's image in the 1950s.Anthes, Bill (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=WI7gA-DNYegC&pg=PA99 Native Moderns: American Indian Painting, 1940–1960]. Durham: Duke University Press. {{ISBN|9780822338666}}. p 99. DesJarlait publicly believe in fostering an open dialogue between Native Americans and non-Natives.{{cite web |last1=Heimerman |first1=Emily |title=Where Did The Land O'Lakes Logo Come From? |url=https://vugradhistory.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/where-did-the-land-olakes-logo-come-from/ |website=Historically Speaking |date=November 22, 2018 |publisher=Villanova University |access-date=April 14, 2022}} Thus, Mia's clothes were changed to match specific Ojibwe styles, and the background became a specific location in the Ojibwe territory, the Red Lake in Minnesota.{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/29/my-ojibwe-father-drew-land-olakes-maiden-she-was-never-stereotype/|title=My Native American father drew the Land O'Lakes maiden. She was never a stereotype.|last=DesJarlait|first=Robert|date=April 29, 2020|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-30}} The original image is an example of the infinite-loop motif or Droste effect, in which the image is repeated, in theory infinitely, within itself.

In 2018, the image was changed to depict only the head of the Native woman (doing away with the Droste effect).{{cite web |last1=Heimerman |first1=Emily |title=Where Did The Land O'Lakes Logo Come From? |url=https://vugradhistory.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/where-did-the-land-olakes-logo-come-from/ |website=Historically Speaking |publisher=Villanova University |access-date=April 16, 2020 |date=November 22, 2018}} In February 2020, the company announced that after 92 years, it was removing the image of the Native American woman.{{cite web |title=Farmer-owned cooperative Land O'Lakes, Inc. unveils new packaging celebrating farmers ahead of 100th anniversary |url=https://www.landolakesinc.com/Press/News/new-butter-and-dairy-packaging |website=Land O'Lakes |publisher=Land O'Lakes, Inc. |access-date=April 16, 2020}} The use of an indigenous woman as a mascot had been criticized as a racist stereotype,{{cite web |last1=Stone |first1=Madeline |title=Land O'Lakes changed its packaging and removed drawing of Native American woman long criticized as a racist stereotype |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/land-o-lakes-butter-other-products-remove-native-american-woman-2020-4 |website=Business Insider |access-date=April 17, 2020}} and the decision to change the label was praised by some Native advocates such as Peggy Flanagan, Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota and a member of the White Earth Band of Ojibwe.{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/LtGovFlanagan/status/1250515283313414145 |title=Lt. Governor Peggy Flanagan |website=Twitter}} However, the move was not without controversy within the Native community.

DesJarlait's son, Robert DesJarlait, disagreed with claims that the logo was offensive or stereotypical. "Basically, it was giving the previous generation a sense of almost empowerment to see a Native woman on a box of butter. It gave them a sense of cultural pride," he said. "After seeing those posts, I said, 'that's right, that's why my dad created this image to begin with.{{'"}}{{cite news|url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/there-s-another-story-behind-that-land-o-lakes-butter-box-v-QWAwVzCUCmHEs3OmHTdA|title=There's another story behind that Land O'Lakes butter box|last=Walker|first=Dalton|date=April 22, 2020|website=Indian Country Today|access-date=April 27, 2020}}

In September 2009, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) released an undercover video allegedly depicting animal abuse of dairy cows at a Pennsylvania supplier for Land O’Lakes, Inc. The video showed unclean conditions in the barn and milking parlor and cows with infections and illness.{{cite web|url=http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/dpp/news/Animal_Abuse_Connected_to_Minn_Co_sept_29_2009 |title=PETA: Cow Abuse at Land O' Lake Supplier |date=September 29, 2009 |access-date=2009-10-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728054253/http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/dpp/news/Animal_Abuse_Connected_to_Minn_Co_sept_29_2009 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 }} The supplier's employee was found not guilty of animal cruelty charges resulting from this incident{{cite web| url=http://ujsportal.pacourts.us/DocketSheets/MDJReport.aspx?district=MDJ-08-3-02&docketNumber=PC-0000043-10| title=Pennsylvania Magistrate Judge ruling| date=March 18, 2010| access-date=2010-03-23}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and an investigation by veterinarians hired by Land O’Lakes revealed no mistreatment of animals, but the veterinarians suggested that bedding, hygiene, ventilation and animal disposal practices be improved.{{cite web |url=http://www.flex-news-food.com/pages/26338/Dairy/Milk/land-olakes-investigation-dairy-farm-concluded.html |title=Land O'Lakes Investigation of Dairy Farm Concluded |date=October 12, 2009 |access-date=2009-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013223612/http://www.flex-news-food.com/pages/26338/Dairy/Milk/land-olakes-investigation-dairy-farm-concluded.html |archive-date=October 13, 2009 |url-status=dead }} Land O'Lakes states that it is supportive of the dairy industry's National Dairy F.A.R.M.: Farmers Assuring Responsible Management (FARM) animal care standards.{{cite web | url=http://www.landolakesinc.com/utility/news/member/ECMP2-0117737.aspx | title=Land O'Lakes Member Cleared of Animal Cruelty Claims | date=March 19, 2010 | access-date=2010-03-23 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325081236/http://www.landolakesinc.com/utility/news/member/ECMP2-0117737.aspx | archive-date=March 25, 2010 }}

In May 2017, the animal rights organization Animal Outlook (formerly Compassion Over Killing) released undercover footage of cruelty to animals at DFA supplier Mason Dixon Farms, which documented "cows being kicked in the face, punched in their sensitive udders, excessively shocked with an electric prod, jabbed with a pens or elbows, and having their tails twisted or bent by workers."{{cite web |url=http://cok.net/inv/mason-dixon-dairy/|title=New COK Video Pours out Painful Truth about Dairy|author= |website=Compassion Over Killing|access-date=May 13, 2017 }} The footage resulted in the firing of one employee.{{cite web |url=http://www.phillyvoice.com/undercover-video-pennsylvania-dairy-farm-leads-employees-firing/|title=Undercover video at Pennsylvania dairy farm leads to employee's firing |author=Michael Tanenbaum |date= May 10, 2017|website= Philly Voice|access-date=May 16, 2017 }}

Since August 2012, WhiteWave Foods has licensed the Land O'Lakes name and sold coffee creamers and fluid dairy products under the brand.[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DQA/is_2002_August_15/ai_90623204/ Dean Foods, Land O'Lakes expand strategic alliance.] Eurofood. August 15, 2002.

Land O'Lakes brand milk is licensed to Dean Foods in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin.[http://www.startribune.com/dean-foods-seeks-bankruptcy-protection-sale/564793132/ Dean Foods, maker of Land O'Lakes milk, files for bankruptcy, seeks sale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113234016/http://www.startribune.com/dean-foods-seeks-bankruptcy-protection-sale/564793132/ |date=November 13, 2019 }} November 12, 2019.

• In Gary Shteyngart's 2010 satirical novel Super Sad True Love Story, Land O'Lakes has merged with two major auto companies to become a major consolidated corporation, Land O'Lakes GMFord.{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/article-358468/vancouver/author-gary-shteyngarts-satirical-super-sad-true-love-story-became-almost-clairvoyant|last=Hingston|first=Michael|date=November 15, 2010|title=Gary Shteyngart's satirical Super Sad True Love Story offers a clairvoyant look at society|access-date=September 12, 2019|website=straight.com}}
• In December 2019, an autonomous truck drove itself from Tulare, California to Quakertown, Pennsylvania in a period of three days carrying a load of 40,000 pounds of Land O’Lakes butter.{{cite news |last=Lin |first=Summer |url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/article238238929.html |title=No driver needed: 20 tons of butter takes road trip from California to Pennsylvania |work=The Sacramento Bee |date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=2019-12-12 }}
• Mentioned by rapper Raekwon on 'Casablanca', the third track on his sophomore album, 'Immobilarity'.

{{Portal|United States|Companies|Food}}

• List of dairy product companies in the United States

{{clear}}{{reflist}}

• {{Cite web |year=2022 |title=NCB Co-op 100 |url=https://impact.ncb.coop/hubfs/assets/resources/NCB-Co-op-100-2022.pdf |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.ncb.coop}}

• [http://landolakesinc.com/ Land O'Lakes Corporate Website]
• Kenneth D. Ruble. Men to Remember: How 100,000 Neighbors Made History. (Lakeside Press, 1947), a company-sponsored history of the early years of Land O' Lakes (1921–1945). See especially pp. 163–167 and 181–184, concerning the evolution of the name of the product into the company name.
• Truman Torgerson. Building markets and people cooperatively: the Lake to Lake story. published by Land O'Lakes, Inc., Lake to Lake Division – Technology & Engineering – 352 pages, 1990. See especially page 151 to 160, which details conflict with the National Farmers Organization.

{{commons category}}

• {{official website}}

{{Dean Foods}}

{{Butter}}

{{Minnesota Corporations}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Land O'lakes}}

Category:Butter

Category:1921 establishments in Minnesota

Category:Agricultural cooperatives in the United States

Category:Agricultural marketing cooperatives

Category:Dairy cooperatives

Category:Dairy products companies of the United States

Category:Dean Foods brands

Category:Food and drink companies based in Minnesota

Category:Food and drink companies established in 1921

Category:Economy of the Midwestern United States

Category:Food manufacturers of the United States

Category:American brands

Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2019

Category:Race-related controversies in advertising and marketing

Category:Minnesota culture

Category:Culture of Saint Paul, Minnesota

Category:Cooperatives based in Minnesota