Landmark Legal Foundation

Landmark was founded in 1976 as an offshoot of The National Legal Center for the Public Interest with its focus on protecting individual rights, challenging the scope and authority of government, defending free enterprise, and exposing teachers' union fraud.{{Cite web |url=http://www.landmarklegal.org/DesktopDefault.aspx |title=Landmark Legal Foundation |access-date=2007-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625194055/http://www.landmarklegal.org/DesktopDefault.aspx |archive-date=2007-06-25 |url-status=dead }} Landmark has made efforts to scale back funding for non-profits which it holds to be political in nature but list no political expenditures on tax forms. The National Education Association has often been the subject of complaints to the IRS made by Landmark Legal. Throughout its history Landmark Legal Foundation has filed lawsuits against labor unions and has fought for legislation that would allow parents to direct public education funding toward their children's private schools, homeschooling, or school of choice.

In 1990, Landmark was involved in a civil rights court case when it questioned the legality of taxes to pay for the effect of segregation in Kansas City; the case went to the Supreme Court, which decided the taxes were legal.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/19/us/kansas-city-rights-leaders-praise-supreme-court-ruling.html|title=Kansas City Rights Leaders Praise Supreme Court Ruling|last1=Robbins|first1=William|date=1990-04-19|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-10-23|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

During the presidency of Bill Clinton, Landmark Legal unsuccessfully requested an independent counsel to investigate the role of Vice President Al Gore with an event hosted at a California Buddhist temple that was at the center of the 1996 United States campaign finance controversy. Landmark also filed a lawsuit against the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that alleged that the IRS targeted conservative groups for audits at the request of government officials. When the impeachment of Bill Clinton began, Landmark Legal actively played a role in scrutinizing government actions. In 1998, Landmark called for a federal probe about ties between the website Salon.com and Justice Department officials that the foundation accused of illegally leaking information; Levin called Salon "a mouthpiece for the [Clinton] administration."{{cite news |last1=Kurtz |first1=Howard |title=Whitewater Mud Hits the Messengers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/salon042498.htm |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000915183623/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/salon042498.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2000 |page=B01 |date=April 24, 1998 |url-status=live}} A federal appeals court rejected a request by Landmark Legal in 1999 to block a Justice Department investigation of special counsel Ken Starr for alleged misconduct in the impeachment inquiry.{{cite news |last1=Suro |first1=Roberto |title=Justice Investigation of Starr Approved |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/starr031999.htm |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000915152230/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/starr031999.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2000 |page=A10 |date=March 19, 1999 |url-status=live}}

In 2000, Landmark Legal filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission alleging that the National Education Association, the largest teachers' union in the U.S., did not disclose spending on political activity in Internal Revenue Service documentation.{{cite web|url=https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2000/11/01/09landmark.h20.html|title= Complaints Point Up 'Murky' Areas In Union Activism|last=Archer|first=Jeff|work=Education Week|volume=20|issue=9|date=November 1, 2000|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020111075006/http://www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=09landmark.h20|archivedate=January 11, 2002|url-status=dead}} Landmark Legal also filed similar complaints with the United States Department of Labor in 2002 regarding NEA and political activity; by 2006, the NEA and smaller American Federation of Teachers had filed new documents with the Labor Department revealing over $100 million combined in political action spending.{{cite news|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200121063512/https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2006/01/11/18unions.h25.html|archivedate=January 21, 2020|title=Union Filings Give In-Depth Look at Spending Patterns|url=https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2006/01/11/18unions.h25.html|last1=Keller|first1=Bess|last2=Honawar|first2=Vaishali|work=Education Week|date=January 10, 2006|volume=25|issue=18}}

In 2007 the Landmark Legal Foundation nominated commentator Rush Limbaugh, who sat as an unpaid member of its advisory board, for a Nobel Peace Prize.{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/02-01-2007/0004518421&EDATE= |title= Landmark Legal Foundation Nominates Rush Limbaugh for 2007 Nobel Peace Prize}}

In 2016, the director of Penn State Earth System Science Center, climatologist Michael E. Mann, named Landmark as part of an alleged smear campaign against him after his testimony on the C-SPAN TV network about the threat of human-caused climate change.{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anatomy-of-a-smear-or-how-the-right-wing-denial-machine_b_10997280|title='Anatomy of a Smear' or 'How the Right Wing Denial Machine Distorts The Climate Change Discourse'|last1=Mann|first1=Michael E.|date=2016-07-15|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?411154-1/democratic-platform-drafting-committee-holds-platform-hearing-phoenix|title=Democratic Platform Drafting Committee Hearing, Day 1, Part 1 {{!}} C-SPAN.org|website=www.c-span.org|language=en-us|access-date=2019-10-23}}

In 2015, a federal judge found that the Environmental Protection Agency had handled Landmark's 2012 Freedom of Information Act request in a "suspicious" manner, but the judge did not impose sanctions because Landmark had not established that the EPA acted in bad faith.{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/judge-blasts-epa-for-suspicious-handling-of-conservative-groups-foia/2015/03/02/7f49fee0-c100-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html|title=Judge blasts EPA for 'suspicious' handling of conservative group's FOIA|last=Hsu|first=Spencer S.|date=2015-03-02|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=2019-10-23|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}

Supreme Court of Arizona Justice Clint Bolick has worked for the foundation.Steven Teles, 'Compassionate Conservatism, Domestic Policy, and the Politics of Ideational Change', in Crisis of Conservatism? The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, & American Politics After Bush, Gillian Peele, Joel D. Aberbach (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 198 Former Whitewater_controversy special investigator Kenneth Starr has also worked with Landmark.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/tales-from-the-inquisition-the-prosecutor-97873/|title=Tales from the Inquisition The Prosecutor|last=Schlosser|first=Eric|date=1998-03-20|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}} Former U.S. Attorney General and counselor to President Reagan Edwin Meese is currently the Second Vice Chairman of Landmark Legal Foundation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.landmarklegal.org/our-staff|title=OUR STAFF|website=landmarklegal|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}

Kansas City attorney Jerald L. Hill served as president of Landmark Legal from 1985 to 1997. From 1997 to 2018, Mark Levin served as president.{{citation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990224192512/http://www.landmarklegal.org/landmark/newsletter/vol1no1.html#6|archivedate=February 24, 1999|title=Landmark Legal Foundation: Forceful Advocacy for Over 20 Years|work=Landmark Legal Foundation Newsletter|volume=1|issue=1|date=Fall 1997|accessdate=January 20, 2020|url=http://www.landmarklegal.org/landmark/newsletter/vol1no1.html##6}} Since 2018, Pete Hutchison has been president of Landmark Legal.{{cite web|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/landmark-legal-fdn-files-complaint-against-california-over-non-citizen-voting-1015891336|title=Landmark Legal Fdn. Files Complaint Against California Over Non-Citizen Voting|date=February 15, 2018|publisher=Landmark Legal Foundation|accessdate=January 20, 2020}}

A former White House official during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, Levin joined Landmark in 1991 and previously served as director of legal policy and the foundation's Washington-based Center for Civil Rights before becoming president.{{cite tweet|last=Levin|first=Mark R. |user=marklevinshow |number=1189332140640604162 |date=October 29, 2019 |title= Check out Landmark Legal Foundation's website, a fantastic conservative legal group I've been associated with for 28 years!|accessdate=April 23, 2020}}{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970709042743/http://www.landmarklegal.org/html/body_senior_staff.html|archivedate=July 9, 1997|title=Landmark Senior Staff|publisher=Landmark Legal Foundation|url=http://www.landmarklegal.org/html/body_senior_staff.html|accessdate=January 20, 2020}} In 2001 the American Conservative Union awarded Levin its Ronald Reagan Award for his work with Landmark Legal.{{cite web|

url=http://www.landmarklegal.org/othernews.cfm?page_id=329|

date=February 21, 2001|

publisher=Landmark Legal Foundation|

title=Ronald Reagan Award Presented to Landmark's President Mark Levin|

archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010408234329/http://www.landmarklegal.org/othernews.cfm|

archivedate=April 8, 2001|

accessdate=January 19, 2020|

url-status=bot: unknown}}.{{cite web| url = https://www.c-span.org/video/?162626-1/ronald-reagan-banquet&start=1927&stop=4242| title = Ronald Reagan Banquet {{!}} C-SPAN.org}} Levin would go on to become a bestselling author and host of the nationally syndicated talk radio program The Mark Levin Show and Fox News Channel program Life, Liberty & Levin; after stepping down as president, he continues to serve Landmark Legal as a member of its board of directors.{{cite web |url=https://www.landmarklegal.org/people |title=People {{!}} Landmark Legal Fdtn |website=www.landmarklegal.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119233649/https://www.landmarklegal.org/people |archive-date=2020-01-19}}

After serving in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission under Clarence Thomas, Clint Bolick served as the director of Landmark Legal's Center for Civil Rights from 1988 to 1991.{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTps-NK20jAC&q=%22landmark+legal+foundation%22+&pg=PA63|last=Bolick|first=Clint|title=Opportunity 2000: Making Affirmative Action Truly 'Affirmative'|pages=49–61|work=The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, First Session...July 13, 1989|year=1991|place=Washington, DC|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=1400829690|via=Google Books}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTps-NK20jAC&q=%22landmark+legal+foundation%22+&pg=PA63|title=The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law|last=Teles|first=Steven M.|pages=85–88|place=Princeton, NJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-691-122083|via=Google Books}} In seeking an alternative to affirmative action, Bolick advocated that "the conservative cause on civil rights was better served by identifying blacks, not whites, as its beneficiaries," wrote Steven Teles in 2008. Bolick went on to become co-founding vice president at the Institute for Justice and Associate Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court.{{cite web|url=https://www.azcourts.gov/meetthejustices/Justice-Clint-Bolick|title=Justice Clint Bolick|publisher=Arizona Judicial Branch|accessdate=April 23, 2020}}

Former U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese also serves on the board of directors. The foundation's advisory board includes Hillsdale College president Larry P. Arnn and syndicated columnist and George Mason University economics professor Walter E. Williams.

The Landmark Legal Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.{{cite web |title=Nonprofit Explorer: Landmark Legal Foundation |date=9 May 2013 |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/510203802 |publisher=ProPublica |accessdate=April 23, 2020}} As of 2017, Landmark Legal had an annual budget of nearly $1.6 million, with nearly 99 percent of funding coming from charitable contributions. Landmark Legal does not accept government funding.{{cite web |last1=Levin |first1=Mark |title=Landmark Legal does not receive a penny of government money, nor would ever accept it... |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10153890309965946 |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |date=December 1, 2016}}

In the 1990s, Richard Mellon Scaife was a major donor to Landmark Legal.{{cite news |last1=Segal |first1=David |title=Dream Case Is a Burden, Lawyer Finds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/moody012698.htm |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000915194750/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/moody012698.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2000 |page=A09 |date=January 26, 1998 |url-status=live}} Scaife gave $525,000 to Landmark Legal in 1997.{{cite news |last1=Segal |first1=David |title=Foundation Gave $550,000 To Anti-Clinton Group |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/klayman061098.htm |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816174703/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/klayman061098.htm |archivedate=August 16, 2000 |page=A06 |date=June 10, 1998 |url-status=live}} The Coors brewing family of Colorado has also donated to Landmark Legal.{{cite news |last1=Thornburg |first1=Ryan |title=Blue Dog, Brewer Differ on Clinton Scandal |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/early/archive/aug98/early0824.htm |newspaper=Washington Post |accessdate=April 23, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819034051/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/early/archive/aug98/early0824.htm |archivedate=August 19, 2000 |date=August 24, 1998 |url-status=live}} Right wing conservative billionaire Timothy Mellon supports Landmark Legal; In 2016, he offered donations to the Foundation for each download of his autobiography.{{Cite web |last=Mancuso |first=Christina |date=2016-02-09 |title=Timothy Mellon Releases Autobiography |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwbooks/article/Timothy-Mellon-Releases-Autobiography-20160209 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.landmarklegal.org/ Foundation Website]

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Category:Political organizations based in the United States

Category:501(c)(3) organizations

Category:Conservative organizations in the United States